07 Mark Scheme

7/30/2019 07 Mark Scheme

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MARKING SCHEMES

GEOLOGY

SUMMER2007

Paper 1 Higher Tier

Question Response Mark Sub

mark

Total

1 (a) (i) correct label 1

(ii) do not pass through the centre of the Earth/only in crust 1

(iii) L waves (1)

highest amplitude/biggest vibration (1) 2 4

(b) (i) linear (1) along the fault (2) grouped (1) NW/SE (1) 2

(ii) shallow 1

(iii) 60-80 (1) SW(1) 2

(iv) focus - actual origin /where earthquake begins /beneath 1

epicentre - point on surface above focus 1(v) Conservative (accept transform fault) 1 8

(c) Either

2 ofimproved building; improved prediction; warning/evacuation;

improved awareness statement (1 ) explanation for 2 marks

Ordipping plane of earthquakes along Benioff zone where

plate is subducted beneath continental plate.Friction

between oceanic and continental plates. Opposing force of

mantle at least 1 for description and 1 for explanation 4 4 16

2 (a) (i) correct plot 1(ii) constructive (1) narrow base steep sides (1) layers of lava (1) 3

(iii) Andesitic high viscosity and gas content. High gas content is

Viscous lava traps gas. Blocks vent. Builds up pressure.

Ash and lava produced by alternating explosive and effusive

Basalt lava low viscosity and gas content

Low viscosity lava runny so flows. Gas escapes

Low gas content effusive. Credit all points and opposite

Credit candidates who can contrast the two. 4 8

(b) (i) arc/curved 1

(ii) position of trench 1(iii) 300 mm 1


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(iv) blown by wind 1

(v) choking (2) gas poisoning (2) roof collapse due to weight of ash 2

(vi) mud flow description (2) flooding (1) 2 8 16

3 (a) (i) graptolites 1

(ii) pyrites 1(iii) trace fossil (1) mould (1) cast (l) carbonisation (1) 4

(iv) get less 1

(v) one side of stipe (1) to both sides (1) back to one side (1)

to inside (1) to both sides (1) to one side (1) 2

(vi) change with time (1) changes are rapid (1) makes fossils easily

identified (1) rapid evolution (2) 2 11

(b) (i) G ripple marks H cross bedding J graded bedding K mud-cracks 4

(ii) J/graded bedding 1

(iii) mud (1) drying out (1) hot climate (1) evaporation (1)

shallow water/desert/lake (1)shrinkage (1) infilled by sediment

(1)

3 8 19

4 (a)

(b) (i)

(ii)

(ii)

(iii)

(c) (i)(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

breccia (1) limestone (1) conglomerate (1) halite (1)

grains closer together/buried/pressure

from water (1) dissolved elements (1) precipitated/crystallise in pore

spaces ( 2) example of mineral (1)

lower

add to cement (1) roads (1) general building material/fill (1)

screening/sievingdust; noise; blasting; eyesore; destruction of landscape;

destruction of habitat; traffic; use of fossil fuels linked to global

warming, pollution of water 2 explained statement only 1

mark

L advantage near road (1) near town (1)

disadvantage permeable (1) contaminate aquifer (1) contaminate

river (1)

M advantage impermeable (1)

Disadvantage no access (1) further away (1) AONB (1)

Accept alternative valid answers

4

1

2

1

1

1

4

4

4

4

1

0

1

8

5 (a) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(b) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(c)

(d) (i)

(ii)

metamorphic (1) crystalline/interlocking (1) foliation (1)

batholith (1) coarse (1) slow cooling (1)

granite

20-30

correct arrows

thrust (or reverse)

NE-SW or 30or 210

Caledonian

folding (1) orthrust faulting (1) compression / crustal thickening (1)

regional metamorphism (1) heat and pressure/crustal

thickening/higher geothermal gradient (1)igneous intrusion (1) crustal melting/thickened crust/higher geothermal

gradient (1)

fold trend (1) all folded at same time by forces from NW and SE (1)

evidence (1) explanation (1)

3

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

7

3

1

5 1

6


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6 (a) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(b) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(c)

accurate plotting (3) line (1)

44-48N

450- 430Ma

Tertiary

radiometric dating

basalt on top/superposition (2)

baked margin underneath so basalt must be younger (2)opening of N Atlantic/constructive plate margin/seafloor spreading

Either

Freeze thaw(1) water (1) enters joints (1) freezes (1) expands (1)

forces rocks apart (1) repeated (1)

Or

Acid rain (1) reacts with feldspar/mica (1) hydrolysis (1) quartz

resistant (1) quartz forms sand (1) clay formed (1) clay and sand

washed away (1) occurs along joints (1) salts in solution (1)

4

1

1

1

1

21

4

6

5

4 15

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07 Mark Scheme