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8/12/2019 09 Implementing the Network
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Revision no.: PPT/2K605/03
Implementingthe Network
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tsreserved.
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terialmaybereproduced,store
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Crimping an RJ-45 Plug
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Crimping an RJ-45 Plug (contd.)
Cut a piece of cable of the appropriate length.
Strip off no more than about 3/4 (about 2 cm) of the outer
cable sheathing to expose the twisted wire pairs.
Untwist the pairs about 1/2 (about 1.2 cm).
Using the following diagram, arrange the colored wires into
the correct order. Verify that the wires have been inserted in the correct
order. Using an RJ-45 crimping tool, crimp the wires intothe RJ-45 connector.
Verify that the wires were pierced and that the cable sheathis underneath the bridge.
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Choosing the Correct Board
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Choosing the Correct Board (contd.)
The first step in installing a network board is choosing thecorrect type.Choosing the right board can be confusing.
Vendors offer network boards with literally hundreds ofoptions in every possible combination.
Select a network board based on two factors:
PC bus or architecture
Network topology
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Choosing the Correct Board (contd.)
Six types of buses are commonly used in IBM-compatiblecomputers:
ISA
MCA
EISA
VLB PCI
PCMCIA (PC-Card)
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ISA Boards
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ISA
The Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, derived fromthe IBM AT bus and widely used in PCs, is a 16-bit bus
operating at 8-10 MHz. Machines of the XT TM type use 8-bit data transfer through
62-line slot connectors. The AT type uses 16-bit datatransfer slots. More connector pins are accommodated by
an additional bank of line slot connectors called slotextension connectors.
The 16-bit slots are generally downward compatible with 8-bit boards; 8-bit boards in 16-bit slots do not use theextension.
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MCA Board
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MCA
The introduction of 32-bit processors, such as the 386DX,
pushed the limits of the 16-bit ISA bus. Instead of further
expanding the ISA bus, IBM designed and built an entirely
new bus. The result was the introduction of the 32-bit, 20
MHz Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) in
1987. MCA machines can have both 16-bit (short) and 32-
bit (long) slots. As with ISA, the longer slots consist of thebasic slot plus a slot extension connector.
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EISA Board
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EISA
The Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) was
developed primarily by Compaq as a response to IBMs
MCA bus. An EISA bus uses a 32-bit slot and operates at 8-
10 MHz. EISA boards are 5 inches high:
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VLB Board
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VESA Local Bus (VLB)
The VESA Local Bus (VLB) architecture, introduced in 1992,
was designed by the Video Electronics Standards
Association (VESA) VLB uses a 32-bit bus, but raises the
speed limit to the theoretical speed of 66 MHz. VLB is
implemented by adding a second slot extension connector
that is wired directly to the CPU. VLB slots are compatible
with both 8-bit and 16-bit ISA boards.
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PCI Board
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PCI
Introduced in 1992 by Intel , the Peripheral Component
Interconnect (PCI) bus has become the standard for high-
end systems. It uses a 32-bit bus operating at 33 MHz. PCI
places the network and disk boards on separate buses for
improved throughput.
The PCI standard supports 10 devices and 32-bit bus
mastering, which permits the board to relieve the CPU of
some of the processing load.
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PCMCIA Card
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PCMCIA
The Personal Computer Memory Card International
Association (PCMCIA) standard, also known as the PC-
Card, is a completely different PC architecture.
The electronics are packaged in a credit-card sized board.
This is particularly useful for notebook and sub-notebook
computing.
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Example of a Jumper
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Jumper
Jumper pins stick out from the circuit board (see the
following figure). Several sets of these pins, eachrepresenting one circuit, are often lined up in parallel rows.
The jumper (or shunt) itself is a tiny metal clip that is
usually covered with plastic. The clip fits over both pins to
complete the circuit.
Jumpers can go bad. If a jumper is defective, it will not
complete the circuit even when it is properly installed over
the two pins.
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Example of a DIP Switch
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DIP
DIP (DIPolar or Dual In-line Package) switches are often
organized in banks of two, four, or more. They are physical
switches, each of which resembles a very small light switch
or a rocker switch.
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Software Configuration Utility
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Software Configuration Utility (contd.)
Software-configurable ISA and VLB boards, such as the
Intel EtherExpress TM line of network boards, use
nonvolatile memory for storing configuration information.
Most boards of this type use an electrically erasable,
programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) chip on the
board. This chip saves the boards I/O, IRQ, and DMA
settings when the computer is turned off.
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Hard Disk Components
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Hard Disk
The hard disk provides data storage and data retrieval. It
must complete these tasks with total reliability, at thehighest possible speed, and at a reasonable cost.
Integrated Device Electronics (IDE)
The controller hardware of an IDE disk is placed on the disk
itself for improved performance. IDE uses RLL encoding.
IDE cannot support CDs or drives larger than 528 MB.
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Sample Setup with Internal SCSI Disks
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Sample Setup with Internal SCSI Disks (contd.)
Both ends of the SCSI bus must be terminated. Some
newer SCSI disk/controller combinations work together to
provide active termination.
The exact placement of the terminating resistors is different
for internal and external disk configurations. With an HBA
and multiple internal SCSI disks, termination should be
placed on the HBA and on the last disk of the chain.
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Nopartofthismaterialmaybereproduced,storedoremailedwithoutthepriorpermission. Sample Setup with SCSI Disks in an External
Cabinet
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Nopartofthismaterialmaybereproduced,storedoremailedwithoutthepriorpermission. Sample Setup with SCSI Disks in an External
Cabinet (contd.)
If you have disks in an external cabinet, remove the
termination from the disks and terminate the cabinet
externally.
This method eliminates the need to remember which disk
was terminated when you later add disks to the same
cabinet.
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Disks
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Nopartofthismaterialmaybereproduced,storedoremailedwithoutthepriorpermission. Sample Setup with Internal and External SCSI
Disks (contd.)
When you use both internal and external ports on an HBA,
you must terminate both ends of the SCSI bus, usually at
the disks themselves, unless an external cabinet is used.
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Typical IDE Configuration
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Typical IDE Configuration (contd.)
Configure the disk as single drive only when you are
installing only one IDE disk. Configure the disk as master
when you are installing two IDE disks and this one is the
boot disk. Configure the disk as slave when you are
installing two IDE disks and this one is not the boot disk.
After configuring the disk, you can install it in the
computer.
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Partitioned Hard Disk
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Partitioned Hard Disk (contd.)
A typical use of disk space for a hard disk that contains a
DOS partition. The partition table is located at the
beginning of the disk. Other partitions (either for DOS or
for other operating systems) can be created below thepartition table.
On a workstation, a single partition typically encompasses
the entire disk, and no space is left for other partitions.