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The Health IT Workforce Curriculum was developed for U.S. community colleges to enhance workforce training programs in health information technology. The curriculum consist of 20 courses of 3 credits each. Each course includes instructor manuals, learning objectives, syllabi, video lectures with accompanying transcripts and slides, exercises, and assessments. The materials were authored by Columbia University, Duke University, Johns Hopkins University, Oregon Health & Science University, and University of Alabama at Birmingham. The project was funded by the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. All of the course materials are available under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial ShareAlike (CC BY NC SA) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). The course description, learning objectives, author information, and other details may be found athttp://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewPortfolio.htm?id=842513. The full collection may also be accessed at http://knowledge.amia.org/onc-ntdc.
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Networking and Health Information Exchange
ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
This material Comp9_Unit1a was developed by Duke University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000024.
ISO Open System Interconnection (OSI)
Unit Objectives
2
1. Explain the OSI representation of the various layers involved in networking, including the general functions of each layer and their interconnections. (Lecture a)
2. Explain the concept of the Application Layer (Lecture a)3. Explain the concept of the Presentation Layer (Lecture
a)4. Explain the concept of the Session Layer (Lecture a)5. Explain the concept of the Transport Layer (Lecture a)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
ISO Open System Interconnection (OSI)
Unit Objectives6. Explain the concept of the Network Layer (Lecture b) 7. Explain the concept of the Data Link Layer (Lecture b)8. Explain the concept of the Physical Layer (Lecture b)9. Explain connection-oriented versus connectionless
communication (Lecture b)10.Explain the use of network addressing including security
considerations and vulnerabilities (Lecture b)
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Terminology
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
A network is two or more devices that communicate with each other over some form of transmission media.
•Types of networks– Local Area Network (LAN)– Wide Area Network (WAN)– Internet– Intranet– Extranet
Terminology Continued
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
For communication to take place on a network we need•Source•Receiver•Medium
Image courtesy of Michele Parrish
Internet
Source Receiver
Medium Medium
Terminology Continued
6
Protocol – rules for communication
Examples:• TCP/IP-Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol • HTTP-HyperText Transfer Protocol • NETBEUI-NetBios Extended User Interface• ICMP-Internet Control Message Protocol
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
TCP/IP Model
Table 1.1 TCP/IP Four-Layer Model for Internet Communications
Source: Parrish, Michele. 2011
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Application
Transport
Internetwork
Network Access
OSI Model
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Table 1.2 OSI Seven-Layer Model for Internet Communications
Source: Parrish, Michele. 2011
OSI Model
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Two Models Compared
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Image courtesy of Michele Parrish
Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Image courtesy of Michele Parrish
Protocols/Technologies Covered
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Image courtesy of Michele Parrish
Application Layer Protocols
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used by Web browsers and servers to communicate.
• Domain Name Service (DNS) is used for converting host names and domain names into IP addresses.
• Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) is used for email. – POP3– IMAP4
Application Layer Protocols Continued
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to automatically configure network hosts with TCP/IP settings.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to copy files from one host to another.
• Telnet allows a user to connect to a remote system and whatever action they perform on their local host happens on the remote system.
Presentation Layer Protocols
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
• Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) “specifies how messages must be formatted so that they can be exchanged between different email systems.”
• External Data Representation (XDR) “is a standard for the description and encoding of data.”
Source for MIME: http://www.networkdictionary.com/protocols/mime.phpSource for XDR: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1014
Presentation Layer Protocols Continued
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
• Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Socket Layer (SSL) are used to encrypt/decrypt data.
• Data Compression/Decompression is also done at this layer.
Session Layer
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
• Establishes connections– Authentication– Type of communication that will take place– Protocols that will be used by the lower layers
• Maintains connections• Synchronizes communications
Session Layer Continued
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
• Control dialogues– Keeps track of which device is making
requests and which device is making responses
– Determines whether acknowledgments are required
• Terminates connections
Transport Layer Protocols
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) maintains reliable, ordered delivery of segments. – Connection-oriented– Sequence Numbers– Acknowledgements– Window Sizing
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
TCP 3-way Handshake
Image courtesy of
Michele Parrish
Source
ReceiverSource
Source
1
2
3
Synchronize (SYN)
Synchronize-Acknowledgement (SYN-ACK)
Acknowledgement (ACK)
Sequence Numbers
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Image courtesy of Michele Parrish
Internet
Source Receiver
1234 3142
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Acknowledgements
Image courtesy of
Michele Parrish
Source
ReceiverSource
Source
1
2
3
Synchronize (SYN)
Synchronize-Acknowledgement (SYN-ACK)
Acknowledgement (ACK)
SEQ=42
SEQ=78 ACK=43
SEQ=43 ACK=79
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Lecture a
Window Sizing
Image courtesy of Michele Parrish
SLOW
Transport Layer Protocols Continued
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provides best effort delivery of datagrams. – Connectionless– Errors may be handled by higher level
protocols.• Minimal Lower Layer Protocol (MLLP) is an
interface between HL7 applications and TCP.
Source: http://www.interfaceware.com/llp.html
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Lecture a
TCP/UDP Ports
• Assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
• Three different types of port numbers– Well-known ports (0 to 1023)– Registered ports (1024 to 49151)– Dynamic or private ports (49152 to 65535)
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
TCP/UDP Ports
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
Application Protocol Port NumberHTTP TCP 80
HTPS TCP 443
SMTP TCP 25
DHCP UDP 67
FTP TCP 20 (data)21 (control)
Telnet TCP 23
DNS TCP/UDP 53Table 1.3 Application, Protocol and Port Numbers
Source: Parrish, Michele. 2011
ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
SummaryIn this lecture we covered •the TCP/IP model•the OSI model•the Application layer•the Presentation layer•the Session layer and •the Transport layer.
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)References – Lecture a
References •MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2012, from Network Dictionary website: http://www.networkdictionary.com/protocols/mime.php•Network Working Group. (1987, June). XDR: External Data Representation Standard. Retrieved from Sun Microsystems website: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1014•LLP - Lower Layer Protocol. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2012, from iNTERFACEWARE™ Inc. website: http://www.interfaceware.com/llp.html
Charts, Tables, Figures1.1 Table: Parrish, Michele. 2011. 1.2 Table: Parrish, Michele. 2011. 1.3 Table: Parrish, Michele. 2011.
ImagesSlide 5: Source, Medium and Receiver. Courtesy Michele Parrish. Used with permission. Slide 9: OSI Model showing layers and their functions. Courtesy Michele Parrish. Used with permission. Slide 10: Model Comparison. Courtesy Michele Parrish. Used with permission. Slide 11: PDU. Courtesy Michele Parrish. Used with permission. Slide 12: Protocols. Courtesy Michele Parrish. Used with permission. Slide 20: Handshake. Courtesy Michele Parrish. Used with permission. Slide 21: Sequence. Courtesy Michele Parrish. Used with permission. Slide 22: Acknowledgements. Courtesy Michele Parrish. Used with permission. Slide 23: Window Sizing. Courtesy Michele Parrish. Used with permission.
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Networking and Health information Exchange ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Lecture a
