09 -TheFutureSimple

CURSOS ON-LINE – INGLÊS – CURSO REGULAR PROFESSOR CARLOS AUGUSTO

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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AULA 9

THE FUTURE SIMPLE A conjugação do future simple com o auxiliar will é fácil. Veja como conjugamos os verbos to walk (r.v.) (= andar, caminhar) e to give (i.v.) (= dar)

AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS

I will walk I will give You will walk You will give He will walk He will give She will walk She will give It will walk It will give We will walk We will give You will walk You will give They will walk They will give

Como se observa conjuga-se o futuro simples tanto de um verbo regular quanto de um irregular usando o auxiliary ‘will’ seguido do unmarked infinitive (without to) of the principal verb.

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

I will not walk I will not give You will not walk You will not give He will not walk He will not give She will not walk She will not give It will not walk It will not give We will not walk We will not give You will not walk You will not give They will not walk They will not give

Para formar estruturas negativas basta colocar ‘not’ logo após o auxiliar ‘will’. NB: will not or won’t



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QUESTIONS

Will I walk? Will I give? Will you walk? Will you give? Will he walk? Will he give? Will she walk? Will she give? Will it walk? Will it give? Will we walk? Will we give? Will you walk? Will you give? Will they walk? Will they give?

Basta inverter o auxiliar will com o sujeito para formar a interrogativa. Não há tradução para este auxiliar em português.

USES OF THE FUTURE SIMPLE a) The future simple with will a.1) To express simple futurity or determination. Para expressar ação futura simples ou determinação. I will be in Paris next year. Estarei em Paris no ano que vem. (Phone ringing) I’ll get it. (I’ll answer it) O telefone toca) Eu atendo! a.2) To express promises, offers or predictions. Para expressar promessas, ofertas e previsões. Can I borrow $ 20 from you? I will pay you next week. (I promise) Pode me emprestar $20? Pagarei a você na semana que vem. (Promessa) It will be hard to cope with inflation. (So I predict) Será difícil enfrentar a inflação. (Assim prevejo) We will help you with those heavy suitcases. (offer) Nós ajudaremos você com suas malas pesadas. (oferta) b) With ‘be going to’ (future substitute) - tem-se o present simple of the verb to be + going to Joseph is going to study English this afternoon. (He intends to do so) Joseph vai estudar inglês à tarde. (Ele pretende, está decidido a fazê-lo)



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I’m going to do some shopping tomorrow morning. (I decided so) Vou fazer compras amanhã de manhã. (Assim o decidi) Não se esqueça de que o future simple pode ser também expresso por meio de: I) verb in the present simple My plane leaves at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. Meu avião parte (partirá) às 8h amanhã de manhã. II) verb in the present continuous Lucia is coming to visit us next week. Lucia virá nos visitar na semana que vem. III) by some modal verbs such as: can, may I can come early tomorrow morning if you need me. Posso (poderei) vir cedo amanhã se precisar de mim. Tomorrow it may be too late. We must act now. Amanha poderá ser muito tarde. Temos que agir agora. Aqueles que tem formação em inglês britânico sabem que os ingleses usam o auxiliar shall nas 1as pessoas do singular e do plural. Em American English ‘shall’ é usado em alguns casos. Por exemplo: a) na formação da question tag com let’s. Let’s change the subject of our talk, shall we? b) quando se faz uma solicitação ou convite. Shall I open the window for you? (=Do you want me to open it for you?) Quer que eu abra a janela para você? c) há também o uso mais formal de shall para fazer ameaças. They shall not invade our country. Eles não invadirão nosso país. You shall pay for your crime. Você pagará pelo seu crime.



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Text 1: Petrobrás rules out investing in Bolivia Petrobras decided that it will not invest any more money in the project to expand Bolivian gas production, informed the director of the company's International Area, Nestor Cerveró. The project would add 15 million cubic meters to the current daily production level of 40 million cubic meters. According to Cerveró, the decree signed by Bolivian president Evo 5 Morales at the beginning of the month, nationalizing his country’s petroleum reserves and the assets of the petroleum companies that operate in Bolivia puts new investments out of the question. "Raising royalty fees from the 50% they used to charge to 82% makes investments unfeasible, not only in Bolivia but anywhere in the world." 10 He said that the joint commissions established to conduct the negotiations between Petrobras and the Bolivian government will basically discuss three main points: the nationalization of reserves and assets, the price of gas exported to Brazil, and the increase in the rate of royalty fees. 15 Cerveró pointed out that Bolivia currently produces a daily maximum of 40 million cubic meters and that, of this total, "we will stand pat at the 30 million cubic meters we currently import, as stipulated in the contract we signed with them." He went on to say: "Any addition to this volume would imply new production, new investments, and new pipelines - and we have 20 cancelled all of that." (From Agência Brasil, by Nielmar de Oliveira, Translation: David Silberstein) // Access: 17/05/2006

VOCABULARY PRE TEST Sem consultar nenhum dicionário procure correlacionar as colunas A & B:

A B 1. daily production level a. ( ) representaria novos dutos 2. the assets of the companies b. ( ) torna inviáveis investimentos 3. raising royalty fees c. ( ) os ativos das empresas 4. that they used to charge d. ( ) nível de produção diária 5. makes investments unfeasible e. ( ) que costumavam cobrar 6. would imply new pipelines f. ( ) elevando taxas de patentes

ANALYSIS OF TEXT 1

1. Traduza o título do texto sem consultar nenhum dicionário. _______________________________________________________



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2. Escreva abaixo duas construções verbais no future simple: _______________________________________________________ 3. Quantas construções no past simple você destacaria do texto? _______________________________________________________ 4. Tente encontrar um equivalente em português para a expressão we

will stand pat (L-17) sem utilizar nenhum dicionário. _______________________________________________________

KEY WORD: ALL From text 1: “… and we have cancelled all of that."” (L-21) e nós cancelamos tudo isso. Como venho dizendo, são as palavras mais comuns que devem ter seu campo colocacional estudado. No caso da palavra all cabe notar que pode ser usada diante de count nouns & non-count nouns: All the money was taken from the safe. Todo o dinheiro foi retirado do cofre. All the students passed their final exam. Todos os alunos passaram na prova final. Existem muitas expressões com all merecem ser writen down in your notebooks; a começar pelas mais conhecidas como: all day, all night, all week, all year(round). Give me an answer. I can’t wait all day for your decision. Dê-me uma resposta. Não posso esperar o dia todo por sua decisão. It is sunny all year round there. Faz sol o ano todo lá. Não posso garantir, mas muita gente me garante que a palavra forró surgiu da expressão for all (= para todos) por causa das tropas americanas que estiveram no nordeste na época da segunda guerra mundial. All right (=tudo bem) tudo isso pode ser cascata. Agora, com certeza, as seguintes expressões com all merecem ser estudadas:



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a) once and for all (=de uma vez por todas) Once and for all remember that I won’t lend you the money. De uma vez por todas lembre-se de que não lhe emprestarei o dinheiro. b) all told (= contando todo mundo, no total) All told there must have been 70 students attending the lecture. No total devia haver uns 70 alunos assistindo à palestra. c) all the same (= não faz diferença, é indiferente) We can go by car or by bus. It’s all the same to me. Podemos ir de carro ou de ônibus, para mim, é indiferente. d) all at once (= de repente) My wife and I thought we would have lunch alone. All at once we were six people at table because my son had brought his friends along. Minha mulher e eu pensávamos que iríamos almoçar sozinhos. De repente éramos seis à mesa, porque meu filho tinha trazido uns amigos. e) at all (= nenhum) My sister made no mistakes at all on the test. Minha irmã não cometeu nenhum erro na prova. f) not at all (= de nada) “Thank you for helping me with the shopping.” “Not at all.” - Obrigado por me ajudar com as compras. - De nada. g) all over the world (= no mundo todo) Some Brazilian soccer players are famous all over the world. Alguns jogadores de futebol brasileiros são famosos no mundo todo. h) all the better (= tanto melhor) If the two of you can lend us a hand it’s all the better. Se vocês dois puderem nos dar uma mãozinha, tanto melhor.



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i) all over again (= de novo) My computer crashed while I was in the middle of a task. I had to start all over again. Meu computador pufou quando eu estava no meio de uma tarefa. Tive que começar tudo de novo. j) all in all (= de modo geral) There were a few minor mistakes in your composition, but all in all it was well written. Havia uns pequenos erros na sua redação, ma, de modo geral, estava bem escrita. k) all together (= todos juntos) They were all together at Mark’s party. Estavam todos juntos na festa do Mark. NB: não confundir com altogether (adv.) (=totalmente) You are altogether wrong on this matter. Você está totalmente errado neste assunto. l) to be all for (= ser a favor de) They were all for free elections as soon as possible. Todos foram favoráveis a eleções livres o mais breve possível. No final desta aula haverá um exercício com estas e mais algumas ‘all’ expressions



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THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Estudemos agora o future continuous. Veja como conjugamos os verbos to walk (r.v.) (= andar, caminhar) e to give (i.v.) (= dar)

AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS

I will be walking I will be giving You will be walking You will be giving He will be walking He will be giving She will be walking She will be giving It will be walking It will be giving We will be walking We will be giving You will be walking You will be giving They will be walking They will be giving

Observe que utilizamos o future simple do verbo to be + the ...ing. form of the main verb.

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

I will not be walking I will not be giving You will not be walking You will not be giving He will not be walking He will not be giving She will not be walking She will not be giving It will not be walking It will not be giving We will not be walking We will not be giving You will not be walking You will not be giving They will not be walking They will not be giving

Para formar frases negativas basta colocar a partícula not após o auxiliary verb ‘will’. NB: will not = won’t



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QUESTIONS

Will I be walking? Will I be giving? Will you be walking? Will you be giving? Will he be walking? Will he be giving? Will she be walking? Will she be giving? Will it be walking? Will it be giving? Will we be walking? Will we be giving? Will you be walking? Will you be giving? Will they be walking? Will they be giving?

Formamos questions com a simples inversão do auxiliary will and the subject.

USES OF THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS It is used to say that you will be carrying out an action at a certain time in the future. É usado para expressar uma ação determinada que você estará realizando num tempo futuro. Don’t worry. I won’t be sleeping. You can call me back later. I will be watching the news. Não se preocupe. Não estarei dormindo. Pode ligar mais tarde. Estarei vendo as notícias na TV. It will be easy to recognize me. I’ll be wearing white. Será fácil me reconhecer. Estarei usando branco. Look up in Jill’s diary. See what she will be doing tomorrow at 10 a.m. Olhe na agenda da Jill. Veja o que ela estará fazendo amanhã às dez de manhã?



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Text 2: ILO will discuss unemployment in LA and the Caribbean Around 19 million workers are unemployed at present in Latin America. This total corresponds to 10% of the world's unemployed population. From May 2-5, the International Labor Organization (ILO) will be holding its 16th Regional Meeting, in Brasília, to discuss political measures and immediate acts of intervention to deal with this problem. 5 According to José Carlos Ferreira, deputy director of the ILO in Brazil, the organization foresees that it will take up to 15 years to reduce the unemployment figures for Latin America and the Caribbean. When the discussions in Brasília are done, countries will be expected to implement the measures over which a consensus has been formed. 10 Representatives from 35 nations are expected to attend the meeting. The goal is to consolidate the agreements reached by the countries at previous meetings. "We plan to introduce the creation of quality jobs on the agenda of economic and social policies. Few countries today have a real policy of job creation," Ferreira observes. 15 In his view, a quality job is one that is adequate for the needs of the worker and his/her family. "Moreover, the worker should receive social security coverage," he points out. Ferreira says that there is a high index of informal employment in the majority of countries. Over 40% of urban workers are subject to these 20 conditions, frequently without the benefits of social security coverage. "The ILO is striving to bring to the debate a proposal for policies and actions aimed at inserting the agenda of decent employment within the broader perspective of each government's economic and social policies." The deputy director of the ILO in Brazil emphasizes that the global 25 economy has been growing at an annual rate of 4-5%. However, this growth has not generated a sufficient number of jobs. "It is no use to have economic policies that resolve macroeconomic problems without giving the population access to better jobs," Ferreira insists. (From Agência Brasil, Keite Camacho, T:David Silberstein) Access: 25/04/2006 30


A B 1. will be holding its meeting a. ( ) ter uma verdadeira política 2. deal with this problem b. ( ) tentando trazer à discussão 3. have a real policy c. ( ) crescendo a uma taxa anual 4. striving to bring to the debate d. ( ) irá realizar sua reunião 5. growing at an annual rate e. ( ) lidar com este problema



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ANALYSIS OF TEXT 2 O text 2 apresenta uma multiplicidade de construções verbais que vale a pena repisar já que a nossa ênfase maior até aqui tem sido os tempos verbais. 1) As usual procure no texto 10 exemplos de construções no present

simple, sem dúvida, o tempo verbal predominante no text 2: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2) Encontre um exemplo de construção no present continuous: _______________________________________________________ 3) Escreva 2 exemplos de construções do texto no past simple. _______________________________________________________ 4) Encontre um exemplo de construção no future simple: _______________________________________________________ 5) Encontre um exemplo de construção no future continuous: _______________________________________________________ 6) Você consegue encontrar um exemplo de construção present perfect

simple? _______________________________________________________ 7) Você consegue encontrar um exemplo de construção present perfect

continuous? _______________________________________________________ 8) A que corresponde em português a locução social secutrity? _______________________________________________________ 9) Que idéia está indicando a palavra ‘moreover’ (L-17)? _______________________________________________________ 10) Uma vez mais aparece num texto o phrasal verb point out (L-18)

que eu disse que vira e mexe pipoca nos textos. Você se lembra do seu significado?

_______________________________________________________



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READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS Indispensable question words: What…? O que...? Why…? Por que...? Who…? Quem...? How…? Como...? Where…? Onde....? How many…? Quantos...? When…? Quando...? How often…? Quantas vezes...?

Answer the following questions in complete sentences to practice various constructions with different verb tenses: 1. How many workers are currently unemployed in LA at present? _______________________________________________________ 2. How much of the world’s unemployed population does that figure

correspond to? _______________________________________________________ 3. What will the International Labor Organization (ILO) be holding its

meeting for? _______________________________________________________ 4. When was the meeting scheduled for? _______________________________________________________ 5. How long will it take to reduce unemployment figures for LA and the

Caribbean? _______________________________________________________ 6. How many representatives are expected to attend the meeting? _______________________________________________________ 7. What do these representatives plan to introduce? _______________________________________________________ 8. Why hasn’t world growth generated a sufficient number of jobs? _______________________________________________________



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WORDS IN PAIRS

In text 3 there are a number of words que precisam ser estudadas por associação com outras que confundem dependendo do context: a) discuss // argue a.1) discuss (r.v) – (=debater, conversar) We came here, gentlemen to discuss very serious matters. Viemos aqui, senhores para debater assuntos muito sérios. a.2) argue (r.v) pode ser traduzido por argumentar, mas geralmente vai corresponder ao discutir, ter uma briga ( =have an argument) Joel and Alice decided to get divorced because they argued all the time. Joel e Alice decidiram se divorciar porque brigavam o tempo todo. b) policy // politics b.1) policy (n.) – política ou apólice de seguro I cant wear casual clothes every day because it is not in keeping with the company policy. Não posso roupas esportivas todos os dias porque não está de acordo com a política da companhia. Mr. Palmer bought the insurance policy weeks before his death. O Sr. Palmer comprou a apólice de seguro semanas antes de morrer. b.2) politics (n.) – política, relativo a ciência política. My mother is not interested in local politics. She says that does not trust in any of our politicians. Minha mãe não se interessa pela política local. Ela diz que não acredita em nenhum dos nossos políticos. c) figures / pictures c.1) figures pode significar figuras, mas também algarismos, números. There were several prominent political figures present at the meeting. Havia diversas figuras políticas proeminentes presentes na reunião.



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Dora has never been good at figures since kindergarten. Dora nunca foi muito boa em números desde o jardim de infância. c.2) pictures – gravuras, ilustrações, figuras e filmes Every class we have a picture test for you to answer. A cada aula temos um teste de gravuras para você responder. Have you seen Woody Allen’s latest picture? Você já viu o filme mais recente do Woody Allen? d) agenda / diary d.1) agenda – não é a nossa agenda (livro) e sim uma pauta de prioridades, de compromissos a cumprir. High on the president’s agenda today is a meeting with the prime minister of Japan. No topo da agenda (pauta) do presidente hoje está a reunião com primeiro ministro do Japão. d.2) diary – agenda, (or appointment book = livro com anotações

pessoais. Look in Helen’s diary to see where she is supposed to be this afternoon. Veja na agenda da Helena onde ela deve estar hoje à tarde. e) economic / economical e.1) economic – relativo à ciência econômica The Brazilian Finance Minister will announce the new economic plan on TV tonight. O Ministro da Fazenda brasileiro irá anunciar o novo plano econômico na TV hoje à noite. e.2) economical – refere-se a qualidade de ser econômico /a This new Fiat model is more economical than the previous one. O novo modelo Fiat é mais econômico que o anterior. My wife is more economical than her sister. Minha mulher é mais econômica que a irmã dela.



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Text 3: Urban Vitality meets Southern Hospitality

That's life in Charlotte-the Queen City of the South You might be surprised to learn that Charlotte, N.C., has the nation’s #1 pro-business attitude, according to Fortune magazine, and that it is the second largest financial center in the country, controlling $488 billion in assets. It's home to the NBA Charlotte Hornets and one of the NFL's newest teams, the Carolina Panthers. The city also boasts one of the 5 nation's top interactive Science centers, Discovery Place, which features an Omnimax theatre and a planetarium. The historic, hopping South End district, beautifully revitalized from a tired old textile mill area, features many outstanding restaurants and nightspots. Historic markers detail the area's past, while new sidewalks 10 and period lighting enhance the area's charms. Charlotte's South Park district, not to be confused with South End, is an upscale, beautifully landscaped area with shops, restaurants, theaters. nightlife and commercial space. It has a rich heritage which developers carefully weave into its ever-evolving appearance. Some of the retail 15 establishments may be new, but the architectural design reflects the historic South with a trendy twist. It is a fabulous mix of nationally recognized stores and small specialty shops. Dining varies from light fare to elegant repasts. Before an opera or symphony performance at the North Carolina Blumenthal Performing Arts Center, head to The Palm or 20 La Bibliotheque for a meal that will make the entire evening memorable. The Largest city between Atlanta and Washington, DC Charlotte is making its mark as a major business hub This lively metropolis has been rated one of the nation’s most livable cities by the U.S Conference of Mayors. Charlotte, the gateway to the Carolinas, is a perfectly situated 25 starting point for exploring the region. With its warm hospitality and engaging business environment, you just might want to take a closer look at the Queen City of the South. (From Montage, summer/1998, p.3)


A B 1. outstanding restaurants a. ( ) lojas no varejo 2. enhance the charms b. ( ) possui uma rica herança 3. engaging bizz environment c. ( ) acentua os encantos 4. has a rich heritage d. ( ) restaurantes de classe 5. retail establishments e. ( ) olhar mais de perto 6. take a closer look at f. ( ) meio empresarial atraente



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KEY WORD: HEAD

From text 3: “… head to The Palm or La Bibliotheque for a meal… (L- 20) Dirija-se a La Pal ou La Bibliotheque para uma refeição ... Como você percebe head é usado no texto como regular verb. Outro exemplo. Melissa was heading to the tennis club when I met her this morning. Melissa estava indo pro clube de tênis quando a encontrei de manhã. Of course, existe o conhecidíssimo noun head. Por exemplo: I’m sorry I won’t go to the theater with you because my head aches. Lamento mas não irei ao teatro com vocês porque minha cabeça dói. Lisa is not the head of her department but she will be before long. Lisa não e a chefe do seu departamento, mas será em breve. Furthermore, você tem várias expressões com a palavra head: a) At the head of (= no topo de/da) There was a list with the 100 best soccer players ever. At the head of the list was Pelé, of course. Havia uma lista com os 100 maiores jogadores de futebol de todos os tempos. No topo dela estava o Pelé, é claro. b) Keep one’s head (= ficar calmo) Nobody said it would be easy, but you have to keep your head now. Ninguém disse que seria fácil, mas você tem que ficar calmo agora. c) lose one’s head ( perder a cabeça, o controle) What’s the use of losing your head now? De que adianta perder o controle agora? d) (be) over one’s head (= ser difícil para alguèm) Algebra has always been over his head. Álgebra sempre foi difícil para ele.



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e) shout one’s head off (= gritar feito louco, berrar a plenos pulmões) Why didn’t you open the door right away? I’ve been shouting my head off for hours. Por que não abriu a porta de imediato? Estava gritando feito louco há horas. f) put our heads together (= botar nossas cabeças para funcionar) If we put our heads together I’m sure we’ll achieve success. Se trabalharmos juntos tenho que certeza de que teremos sucesso. g) Have a good head for figures (= ser bom com números) If you don’t have a good head for figures do not think of studying accountings, for example. Se você não tem uma boa cabeça para números não pense em estudar contabilidade por exemplo. h) go to one’s head ( subir à cabeça) Never let success go to your head. Nunca deixe o sucesso subir à sua cabeça.

THE MODAL MAY /MIGHT From text 3: “You might be surprised to learn that Charlotte, N.C.,... (L-1) Você poderia ficar surpreso de descobrir que Charlotte, N.C. “Some of the retail establishments may be new...” (L-16) Algumas das lojas no varejo podem ser novas... “you just might want to take a closer look at the Queen City of the South” (L-27/28) Você bem poderia querer dar uma olhada mais de perto na Rainha do Sul.



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MAY / MIGHT / MAY HAVE / MIGHT HAVE a) may and might

São usados para expressar probabilidade. Jones may (might) be promoted this time. Jones pode (podia) ser promovido desta vez. One may (might) say that she was enjoying the whole thing. Alguém pode (podia) dizer que ela estava gostando daquilo tudo. It may( might )be said that English is basically a monosyllabic language. Pode (Podia) ser dito que o inglês é uma língua monossilábica. b) may (might) (usados para expressar contraste) She may (might) like mangoes, but she shouldn’t eat a dozen of them. Ela pode (podia) gostar de mangas, mas não devia comer uma dúzia delas. c) may / might have + past participle of main verb

(usado para expressar possibilidade no passado) While some of the girls may have been acting, many responsible adults were victims of the killer virus. Enquanto algumas da meninas podem ter fingido, muitos adultos foram vítimas do vírus assassino. The police believe Derrick may have killed his wife. A polícia acredita que Derrick pode ter assassinado sua esposa. If you had invited Jane to the party, she might have shown up. Se você tivesse convidado a Jane para a festa, ela podia ter aparecido por lá. Joshua might not have left if you had been more polite to him. Joshua poderia não ter ido embora se você tivesse sido mais educado com ele.



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WORD FORMS From text 3 “This lively metropolis has been rated one of the nation’s most livable cities … Esta metrópole vibrante foi classificada como uma das cidades do país mais agradáveis para se viver... THE SUFFIXES –ABLE // -IBLE Os adjetivos formados pelo acréscimo destes sufixos comuníssimos, geralmente, serão traduzidos pelas terminações –AVEL, -EVEL.–IVEL. Poderão ocorrer pequenas alterações ortográficas (no caso live / livable ocorre a queda do ‘e’ final). Estude outros exemplos: We will have to work hard to change this room into a livable place. Teremos que trabalhar duro para fazer deste quarto um local habitável. I can’t be held responsible for everything that goes wrong in this office. Não posso ser responsável por tudo que sai errado neste escritório. Those norms are not applicable in your case. Estas normas não são aplicáveis no seu caso. This crime is not bailable according to our law. Este crime não é afiançável segundo as nossas leis. She found his latest book quite readable. Ela achou o ultimo livro dele bastante agradável de ler. Write this paragraph again. Your handwriting is illegible. Escreva este parágrafo de novo. Sua caligrafia está ilegível. Nobody will believe your story. It’s incredible. Ninguém acreditará em sua história. É incrível. Those explorers have reached the most inaccessible places on earth. Aqueles exploradores atingiram os pontos mais inacessíveis da terra. Those previous experiences had left an indelible mark on the child’s character. Aquelas experiências anteriores haviam deixado uma marca indelével no caráter da criança.



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Come on, try it. It’s fifty-fifty, Você tem sempre 50% de chances de acertar!

PICTURE TEST 9

How long will this [a) absent minded / b) broad-minded] guy go on acting as if pollution simply did not exist!

USEFUL TIPS Text 3: Urban Vitality meets Southern Hospitality

That's life in Charlotte-the Queen City of the South O sub-título do text 3 me lembrou de um ponto importantíssimo nas provas de inglês de concursos públicos, principalmente as da banca ESAF. Np exemplo acima descobre-se que Charlotte é conhecida como a Rainha do Sul. Às vezes no sub-titulo de um texto de prova se encontra uma informação importantíssima que pode ser cobrada direta ou indiretamente numa das questões. Nunca deixe de analisar sub-títulos, manchetes secundárias de artigos de jornal ou revista, seja lá o que aparecer na seu concurso. Be alert!



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EXERCISES

I. Complete the sentences with a word deriving from the one in bold type. Number 1 has been done for you. 1. DISCOVER That has been one of the scientists’ recent discoveries. 2. LENGTHS We like the movie, but we found it a bit too ___________. T: ______________________________________________________ 3. CAREFUL Aunt Louise drives __________. She’s never gotten a ticket for speeding. T: ______________________________________________________ 4. INTERESTED My coordinator has an ___________ in classical music. T: ______________________________________________________ 5. FAMOUS By 1914 Einstein had already gained world __________. T: ______________________________________________________ 6. PREDICT Edmond Halley, an English scientist, made the ____________ of the comet's appearance in 1758. T: ______________________________________________________ 7. BRIGHT That star characterizes itself for its extreme _____________. T: ______________________________________________________ 8. ANNOUNCE During our family dinner my sister said: ‘I have an __________ to make.’ T: ______________________________________________________ 9. DISCUSS Representatives from 35 nations will participate in the ____________. T: ______________________________________________________ 10. RECOGNITION Can you ____________ those structures in exam texts? T: ______________________________________________________



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II. Practice making up questions: Você pode fazer o exercício seguinte por escrito ou apenas praticar

oralmente. Compare com as minhas respostas no final. 1. Peter and Nancy will visit Greece on their honeymoon in July. a) “Who _________________?” “Peter and Nancy will.” b) “What ____________________?” “Visit Greece.” c) “Where __________________________?” “In Greece.” d) “When __________________________?” “On their honeymoon in July” 2. Mr. Samuelson is going to appoint the new manager nest week. a) “Who _________________?” “Mr. Samuelson is.” b) “What ____________________?” “Appoint the new manager.” c) “When __________________________?” “Next week.” 3. The board will be meeting in one hour to make the final decision. a) “Who _________________?” “The board of directors.” b) “Why ____________________?” “To make the final decision.” c) “When __________________________?” “In one hour”



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4. Jackie will be taking her plane at Galeão in 20 minutes. . a) “Who _________________?” “Jackie will.” b) “What____________________?” “Taking and airplane.” c) “When __________________________?” “In twenty minutes” b) “Where____________________?” “At Galeão.” III. Practice making up questions: Complete the mini text ‘Petrobras buys Shell of Uruguay’ with the words from the box:

assume declared layoffs acquired made replace Petrobras officially announced last week that it had ______ (1) Shell of Uruguay, which means it will ______ (2) operation of all that multinational's gas stations (distribution system) as well as the commercialization of aviation fuel and lubricants. With this purchase in Uruguay, Petrobras has now ______ (3) acquisitions totalling US$140 million recently in Colombia, Paraguay and Argentina. Petrobras says there will be no ______ (4) as a result of the Shell acquisition in Uruguay where it will ______ (5) the Shell logotype with the BR logotype over a period of 12 months. Spokespersons ______ (6) that Uruguay is considered strategic geographically for Petrobras activities in South America. "It is a location with great potential for growth, near Argentina and Paraguay. And it fits our synergy plans for the Southern Cone." (From Agência Brasil, by Nielmar de Oliveira, Translation: Allen Bennett) // Access: 05/06/2006



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IV. Pesquise uma palvra que completa as expressões com ‘all’ a

seguir: 1. Ok, you may tell me the whole story. I’m all ____. OK, pode me contar toda a história, Sou todo ouvidos. 2. After such a long soccer game we were all ______. Após uma partida de futebol tão longa estavamos todos exaustos. 3. ____ all the places to visit in the whole world my wife had to long for a trip to the jungle. Dentre todos os lugares no mundo para visitar, minha mulher tinha que sonhar em fazer uma viagem na selva. 4. When I got to the nightclub they were playing ‘The _____ takes it all’. Quando cheguei à boate estavam tocando O vencedor fica com tudo. 5. Jones is a radical person. With him it is always all or _______. O Jones é uma pessoa radical. Com ele é oito ou oitenta. 6. I knew it all ______ that Gina was lying to me. Sabia desde o início que a Gina estava mentindo para mim. 7. His new play is all _______ interesting. It’s his worst work. Sua nova peça é tudo menos interessante. É seu pior trabalho. 8. His new book is not all ______ grammar. He focuses on vocabulary build–up too. Seu novo livro não é só sobre gramática. Ele enfatiza a construção do vocabulário também. 9. It was sad to see the once all-_______ heavyweight boxing champion so weak and hesitant. Era triste ver o outrora tão poderoso campeão de boxe dos pesos pesados tão fragilizado e hesitante. 10. You find these fruit trees all _____ the region. Encontram-se destas arvores frutíferas por toda a região.



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ANSWERS Text 1 - Vocabulary Pre Test

A B 1. daily production level a. (6) representaria novos dutos 2. the assets of the companies b. (5) torna inviáveis investimentos 3. raising royalty fees c. (2) os ativos das empresas 4. that they used to charge d. (1) nível de produção diária 5. makes investments unfeasible e. (4) que costumavam cobrar 6. would imply new pipelines f. (3) elevando taxas de patentes

Analysis of text 1 1. Petrobras rules out investing in Bolivia (Petrobras descarta investir na Bolívia) 2. future simple: will not invest (L-1) // will basically discuss (L-13) // will stand pat (L-17) 3. past simple: decided (L-1) // informed (L-2) // signed (L-5 /19) // said (L-11) // pointed out (L-16) // went on (L-19) 4. we will stand pat (= manteremos nossa posição, não mudaremos nossa opinião) Text 2 - Vocabulary Pre Test

A B 1. will be holding its meeting a. (3) ter uma verdadeira política 2. deal with this problem b. (4) tentando trazer à discussão 3. have a real policy c. (5) crescendo a uma taxa anual 4. striving to bring to the debate d. (1) irá realizar sua reunião 5. growing at an annual rate e. (2) lidar com este problema

Reading Comprehension Questions 1. How many workers are currently unemployed in LA at present? Around 19 million workers. Quantos trabalhadores estão desempregados atualmente na América Latina? Em torno de 19 milhões de trabalhadores.



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2. How much of the world’s unemployed population does that figure correspond to? It corresponds to 10%. A quanto da população de desempregados no mundo corresponde este número? Corresponde a 10%. 3. What will the International Labor Organization (ILO) be holding its meeting for? To discuss political measures and immediate acts of intervention to deal with this problem. Para que estará a ILO se reunindo? Para debater sobre medidas políticas e ações imediatas com o intuito de lidar com este problema. 4. When was the meeting scheduled for? It was scheduled for May 2-5, 2006. Para quando estava programada a reunião? Estava programada para 2-5 de maio de 2006. 5. How long will it take to reduce unemployment figures for LA and the Caribbean according to ILO director in Brazil? It will take up to 15 years to reduce those unemployment figures. Quanto tempo levará para reduzir este percentual de desemprego na AL Segundo o representante da ILO no Brasil. Levará até 15 anos para fazê-lo. 6. How many representatives are expected to attend the meeting? Representatives from 35 nations. Quantos representantes são esperados para assistirem à reunião? Representante de 35 nações. 7. What do these representatives plan to introduce? They plan to introduce the creation of quality jobs on the agenda of economic and social policies. O que estes representantes planejam introduzir? Planejam introduzir a criação de empregos de qualidade na pauta das políticas econômicas e sociais.



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8. Why hasn’t world growth generated a sufficient number of jobs? Because it’s useless to have economic policies that resolve macro-economic problems without giving the population access to better jobs. Por que o crescimento mundial não gerou um número de empregos suficientes? Porque é inútil ter políticas econômicas que resolvam problemas macro-econômicos sem dar à população acesso à melhores empregos. Analysis of text 2 1. present simple: are (L-1/20) // corresponds (L-2) // foresees (L-7) // plan (L-13) // have (L-14) // observes (L-15) // points out (L-18) // says (L-19) // resolve (L-28) // emphasizes (L-25) // is (L-27) // insists (L-29) 2. present continuous: is striving (L-22) 3. past simple: reached (L-12) // aimed (L-23) 4. future simple: will take (L-7) 5. future continuous: will be holding (L-3) 6. present perfect simple: has not generated (L-27) 7. present perfect continuous: has been growing (L-26) 8. social security (= previdência social) 9. moreover (= alem disso, ademais) dá idéia de acréscimo, adição. Text 3 - Vocabulary Pre Test

A B 1. outstanding restaurants a. (5) lojas no varejo 2. enhance the charms b. (4) possui uma rica herança 3. engaging bizz environment c. (2) acentua os encantos 4. has a rich heritage d. (1) restaurantes de classe 5. retail establishments e. (6) olhar mais de perto 6. take a closer look at f. (3) meio empresarial atraente

Picture Test 10 (a) How long will this absent minded guy go on acting as if pollution simply did not exist! Por quanto tempo este sujeito desligado irá continuar agindo como se a poluição simplesmente não existisse. Broad-minded é um adjetivo que se refere a uma pessoa que tem mente aberta; é o oposto de narrow-minded person.



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EXERCISES I. Word forms. 1. That has been one of the scientists’ recent discoveries. Esta foi uma das recentes descobertas dos cientistas. 2. We like the movie, but we found it a bit too long. Gostamos do filme mas o achamos um pouco longo demais. 3. Aunt Louise drives carefully. She’s never gotten a ticket for speeding. A Tia Luisa dirige cuidadosamente. Ela nunca recebeu uma multa por excesso de velocidade. 4. My coordinator has an interest in classical music. Meu coordenador tem um interesse em música clássica. 5. By 1914 Einstein had already gained world fame. Por volta de 1914 Einstein já havia ganho fama mundial. 6. Edmond Halley, an English scientist, made the prediction of the comet's appearance in 1758. Edmond Halley, um cientista inglês, fez uma previsão do aparecimento do cometa em 1758. 7. That star characterizes itself for its extreme brightness. Aquela estrela se caracteriza por seu brilho extreme. 8. During our family dinner my sister said: ‘I have an announcement to make.’ Durante o jantar em família minha irmã disse: Tenho um comunicado a fazer. 9. Representatives from 35 nations will participate in the discussions. Representantes de 35 países irão participar das conversações / dos debates. 10. Can recognize those structures in exam texts? Você consegue reconhecer estas estruturas nos textos de provas? II. making up questions: 1. Peter and Nancy will visit Greece on their honeymoon in July. Peter e Nancy visitarão a Grécia na sua lua de mel em julho. a) “Who will visit Greece on their honeymoon?” “Peter and Nancy will.” b) “What will Peter and Nancy do?” “Visit Greece.” c) “Where will Peter and Nancy spend their honeymoon?” “In Greece.” d) “When will Peter and Nancy visit Greece?” “On their honeymoon in July”



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2. Mr. Samuelson is going to appoint the new manager next week.

O Sr. Samuelson nomeará o novo gerente na semana que vem. a) “Who is going to appoint the new manager next week?” “Mr. Samuelson is.” b) “What is Mr. Samuelson going to do next week?” “Appoint the new manager.” c) “When is Mr. Samuelson going to appoint the new manager?” “Next week” 3. The board will be meeting in one hour to make the final decision.

A diretoria se reunirá em uma hora para tomar a decisão final. a) “Who will be meeting in one hour?” “The board of directors.” b) “Why will they be meeting in one hour?” “To make the final decision.” c) “When will they be meeting?” “In one hour” 4. Jackie will be taking her plane at Galeão in 20 minutes. A Jackie pegará seu avião no Galeão em 20 minutos. a) “Who will be taking her plane at Galeão in 20 minutes?” “Jackie will.” b) “What will Jackie be doing in 20 minutes?” “Taking and airplane.” c) “When will Jackie be taking her plane at Galeão?” “In twenty minutes” b) “Where will Jackie be taking her plane?” “At Galeão.”



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III. Complete the mini text ‘Petrobras buys Shell of Uruguay’ with

the words from the box: Petrobras officially announced last week that it had acquired (1) Shell of Uruguay, which means it will assume (2) operation of all that multinational's gas stations (distribution system) as well as the commercialization of aviation fuel and lubricants. With this purchase in Uruguay, Petrobras has now made (3) acquisitions totalling US$140 million recently in Colombia, Paraguay and Argentina. Petrobras says there will be no layoffs (4) as a result of the Shell acquisition in Uruguay where it will replace (5) the Shell logotype with the BR logotype over a period of 12 months. Spokespersons declared (6) that Uruguay is considered strategic geographically for Petrobras activities in South America. "It is a location with great potential for growth, near Argentina and Paraguay. And it fits our synergy plans for the Southern Cone." IV. ‘all’ expressions 1. all ears // 2. all in // 3. of all // 4. The winner takes it all (antigo sucesso do grupo Abba) // 5. all or nothing // 6. all along // 7. all but// 8. all about // 9. all powerful // 10. all over



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Avalie se os seguintes objetivos da AULA 9 foram alcançados.

OBJECTIVES (OBJETIVOS) Draw your attention to the following essential points: Chamar sua atenção para os seguintes pontos essenciais: I. The study of Verb Tenses: The Future Simple & its uses O estudo dos tempos verbais: O futuro simples e seus usos II . Analysis of text 1: ‘Petrobras rules out investing in Bolivia” Análise do texto ‘Petrobrás descarta investimentos na Bolivia’ III. Key Words: ALL Palavras –chave: ALL IV. The study of Verb Tenses: The Future Continuous & its uses O estudo dos tempos verbais: O futuro contínuo e seus usos V. Analysis of text 2: ‘ILO will discuss unemployment in LA” Análise do texto 2 ‘ILO debaterá desemprego na AL’ VI. Reading Comprehension Questions Questões de compreensão de leitura VII. Words in pairs – confusable words Pares de palavras – palavras que confundem VIII. Analysis of text 3: “Charlotte: The Queen of the South” Análise do texto 3 “Charlotte: A Rainha do Sul’ IX. Key Words: HEAD Palavras –chave: HEAD X. Modal Verbs : MAY / MIGHT Verbos Modais : MAY /MIGHT XI. Word Forms – The suffixes –ABLE // -IBLE Formação das palavras – os sufixos –ABLE // -IBLE XII. Picture Test 9 Teste com gravuras 9 XIII. Exercise Section Seção de Exercícios



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Documents

09 -TheFutureSimple