09.JiaYiing E.materials100 Report

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Engineering Materials00

Semester1,2013Lab Report

School Of Engineering

Engineering Materials 100 Lab Report

Title Mechanical testing

Application of non-metals

(Mechanical properties of polymers and composite)

Members information Name Miri ID Perth ID

Churchill Ung Ngie

Thong

7E2A!"" "722#7$%

&im 'oong 7E2A#7" "%"%

'ee ia *iing 7E2A#!! "7"7+!2

Am,rose 'ee 7E+A"!%# "%!""!2

Due Date "%$#2$"+

Lab instructors name .r /eya 0o


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Table of Contents

Aim:


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The o,1ectie of conducting this e3periment is to inestigate the mechanical properties

of different metals4 aluminium ,ar and car,on steel4 and also polymer The follo5ing

e3periment is to sho5 tensile and impact properties of aluminium ,ar and car,on steel

Cantileer is e6uipped to sho5 fle3ural properties of aluminium ,ar

Introduction:

Eery material consists of different mechanical properties Mechanical properties playan important role in construction Mechanical properties include tensile strength4 ductility4

hardness and toughness characteristics of steel in different heat treatment

Tensile strength is defined as the ma3imum amount of tensile stress that can ,e applied

to it ,efore its elasticity ceases (uey 'ung4 2$"+)

Tensile strength= )(

ma3

OriginalOriginalxTW

Load

OriginalW

= 0riginal 5idth4 OriginalT

=0riginal

thic8ness

= OriginalArea

Loadma3

OriginalArea

9 0riginal cross-sectional area

.uctility is defined as the a,ility of a metal to plastically deform 5ithout ,rea8ing or

fracturing4 5ith the cohesion ,et5een molecules remaining sufficient to hold them together

(:nfoplease4 2$"+) A material is said to ,e ductile 5hen it can ,e stretched long 5ithout

,rea8ing or fracturing .uctility can also ,e defined as the percent of elongation or the

percent reduction of area (Engineersedge4 2$"+)

Percent !longation =

;"$$xInitial

InitialFinal

ga ug e

ga ug ega ug e

L

LL

Percent Reduction of Area

;"$$xArea

AreaArea

Original

FinalOriginal

=

&tress is defined as the ratio of applied tensile or compressie force

CS

n

Area

F=

4 CSArea

9Cross-sectional area

&train is defined as the deformation of a solid due to stress 5hich can ,e e3pressed as


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Initi al

Initi alFina l

L

LL =

*oung=s modulus of elasticity is defined as the rate of change of strain as a function of

stress (:nstron4 2$"+) A high alue of modulus indicates a stiff and infle3i,le material

"oungs modulus of elasticit#4

=

>roof stress is defined as the stress that 5ill cause a specific small4 permanent e3tension

of a tensile test piece (Metalsa,out4 2$"+) The common stress produced $2; e3tension for

steel $2; proof stress is defined as the stress produces a permanent e3tension of $2; in

gauge length of the test-piece (Esdsp4 2$"+) The formula for calculating $2; proof stress is

e3pressed asendulum

1.! Cantile"er #end Tests

@irstly4 the length of the aluminium ,ar is measured ,y using cantileer ,eam and

the 5idth and the thic8ness of the aluminium ,ar is measured ,y using ernier calliper Ne3t4

the digital indicator is set up The digital indicator is set to Bero ,efore the test is started The

aluminium ,ar is put at the end of the ,eam to measure the deflection of the ,eam Then4 the

load of "$g is applied to the end of the cantileer ,eam The reading of the deflection is

recorded After that4 the e3periment is repeated ,y increasing the load of "$g on it until it

reached "#$g @inally4 the data is recorded in the esult section

)%+Tensile test result for carbon steel rod

Measurement

auge length diameter (mm) ""7

Minimum diameter4 after testing (mm)

auge lengthl

(mm)

"$$


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auge length "l (mm)

*ield point load (FN) +7

$2; proof load(FN) +%2#

Ma3imum load (FN) #27#

$2;proof stress or *>&tress (M>a) +227#

Tensile strength (M>a) $%

; elongation

; of A

,racture appearance:

&AM>'E &FETC .E&C:>T:0N

T0> The upper part of the car,on

steel ,rea8s into a cup-shaped

D0TT0M The upper part of the car,on

steel ,rea8s into a cone-

shaped

"oungs Modulus

esult

'oad(FN) at *ield >oint +7

E3tension at *ield >oint(mm) ++

&tress(M>a) +227#

&train(mm?mm) $$++

*oung=s Modulus 7!

Tensile Test esults


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&ample >olycar,onate

auge 'ength(mm) """!$

auge Thic8ness(mm) "2!

auge Gidth(mm) "#"$

@inal 'ength(mm) ""+!%

eduction in Gidth(mm) $"$

eduction in Thic8ness(mm) $$$

.ata from Cure

*ield point load (FN) $7!

Ma3imum 'oad(FN) $%

Tensile &trength(M>a) 2#%%2

; Elongation "!2%;

; of A $$""%!;

@ailure Appearanceolycar,onate

'oad (FN) at *ield >oint $7!


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E3tension at *ield >oint(mm) 27

&tress(M>a) 2#%%2

&train(mm?mm) $$2"#$

*oung=s Modulus(>a) "$%+

Cantileer Dend Tests

&ample and Measurements

'ength(mm) Gidth(mm) Thic8ness(mm)

$ "2 %#2

'oad(g) .eflection(mm

)


)


)

"$ $$$ %$ $!$ ""$ "27

2$ $"7 7$ $! "2$ "+$

+$ $$ !$ $% "+$ "!

$ $ $ "$+ "$ "%$

#$ $# "$$ ""$ "#$ "7%

Calculations

; Elongation 9113.86111.80

113.86100= "!2%;


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; eduction of Area 9(111.81.2815.10 )(113.86151.28)

(111.81.2815.10 ) 100=0.01168

Youngs Modulus=

+

+(

d$t

%gl

=

4 (0.06 ) (9.81 )(0.44)3

(0.0008

) (0.0192

)(0.00652

)

3=47.11GPa

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09.JiaYiing E.materials100 Report