
Module Objectives

At the end of the module you will be able to understand:

Principles of site & base station configuration using Flexi BTS

Antenna line specifications & hardware

Principles of WCDMA/GSM Co-Siting


Site Solutions and Site Planning

Site Solutions (Flexi BTS)

BTS Configuration

Antenna Solution

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting


Inside NSN UltraSite EDGE BTS

Wall, stand, pole

Floor, rack

At the base of a mast, tower

At the top of a mast, tower

Space limited site

Remote RF-Head/ Distributed BTS

Site Solution Architecture


Installation Examples


COC, stack installation

UOC, stack installation & feederless site FSC or UOC, distributed &

feederless site

COC, pole installation &

feederless site

All modules up

UOC, distributed & feederless site

System Module down

Configuration Examples


-7%

0%

-63%

-46%

-38%

-86%

-49%

-3%

-37%

-62%

0%

Faster acquisition

Shorter RF feeders

No MHA

Less power consumption, no air-conditioning

More installation options

Smaller weight load

No lifting with crane

More location options

Less site visits, less spare parts

BTS

Power system Antenna System

Planning &

Management

Civil Works

Site Acquisition Implementation

Site Rent

Power

Transmission

O&M

Smaller power system

Site Cost Reduction




BTS Configuration

Configuration of Flexi BTS

Examples for Flexi BTS configurations

Appendix: Feeder less and distributed site

Appendix: Ultra Site configuration

Antenna Solution

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting


Base Station RF Configuration Parameters

Number of sectors and cells

Number of carriers per sector

Number of linear power amplifiers per sector

20 W cell or 40 W cell

Shared amplifier for high capacity site with 2 or more carriers

Linear power amplifier transmit power

Base band signal processing capacity

Maximum number of connections

Service type (R99 or HSPA, bit rate)


Flexi BTS Configuration Types

COC (Cost Optimized Configuration)

Has 2 RF modules

In case of large distance between the antennas, the RF modules can not be installed close to each of them

UOC (Upgrade Optimized Configuration)

Has 3 dual RF modules

The RF modules can be installed close to each antenna

FSC (Feeder less Site Configuration)

Has 3 RF modules

Offers about 2-5 dB better coverage than configuration with feeder


Flexi BTS 3G frequency bands and carrier power

Following 3GPP bands already supported by RF Rel1 HW

2100MHz (I)

1900MHz (II)

1700/2100MHz (IV)

850MHz (V)

900 MHz (VIII)

8, 20, 40, 2*20W per TX connector

3*70W Triple RF-Module & 40/70W RRH (RF Rel2-HW) supports

2100MHz (I) in RU10

1500MHz (XI) in RU20

900MHz (VIII) in RU30

1800MHz (III) in RU30

Other bands according to roadmap / customer requirements

LTE support

8, 20, 30, 60, 2*20, 2*30W, RRH also 3*20W and 4*15W per TX connector

Lower frequency band dramatically reduces 3G site count

850/900MHz can half the number of sites required compared to 2100MHz

Typically 900/850MHz site grid can be used in re-farming cases


Flexi BTS RF Module (1/2)

RF Module Single

one sector with dual

carrier (optional

AC-DC converter sub-

module)

System Module

incl. transport sub-module

Incl. power distribution

RF Module Dual

two sectors both

with dual carrier

Alternatives

Minimum BTS configuration

one RF Module and

one System Module


Complete BTS Complete BTS

1+1+1 20/40/30/60W

2+2+2 20/30W

(triple 70W RF module,

system module rel.2)

1+1+1 20/40W

2+2+2 20W

(50W RF modules,


6 x 2 20/30W

3+3+3 20/30W

4+4+4 20/30W

(triple 70W RF modules,


6 x 1 20W

(dual 50W RF modules,


Less space, more RF power, more capacity

HW Rel.1 HW Rel.2

Flexi BTS RF Module (2/2)




BTS Configuration





Antenna Solution

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting


Basic Configuration (COC) with FSMB

FSMB: System Module

Rel1: RF Module dual

Rel1: RF Module single 1+1+1 @ 20 W with FSMB

QPSK, RR Scheduler per site with 5 codes

HSDPA 16 users per site

HSUPA activated, 3 users license

Basic Configuration

1+1+1 20W COC FSMB FTIA Hardware 1

FRIA Flexi RF Module 1.7/2.1 Dual 50 W 1

FRIB Flexi RF Module 1.7/2.1 Single 50 W 1

FTIA Transport PDH symm/Ethernet Hybrid 1

FSMB SYSTEM MODULE 1

SW LTU 1

FLEXI WCDMA BTS BSW LTU 1

SW LK 1

Channel Capacity LK (BSW) 120 Optional features

Hardware:

- Extension system module FSMB or in rel.2 also expansion with FSMC (180 CEs) or FSMD (396 CEs)

- Additional carrier just a SW upgrade from 1+1+1 20W to 2+2+2 20W

HSPA:

- HSDPA 10 Mbps per user

- HSDPA 16QAM

- HSDPA 15 codes

- HSDPA code multiplexing

- HSDPA 48 users per cell / Node B (shared)

- HSUPA 2 Mbps per user


FSMB: Extension System Module

FSMB: System Module

Rel1: dual RF Module

Rel1: dual RF Module 1+1+1 @ 40 W with FSMB+FSMB

16 QAM, PF Scheduler per cell

15 Codes and Code Multiplexing

HSDPA 48 users / cell

HSUPA 24 users / BTS

Loaded Configuration

Product Description Qty

1+1+1 40W COC FSMB Hardware 1

FTPB Transport PDH E1/T1/JT1

symmetric 1



FSMB SYSTEM MODULE 2

SW LTU 1


Channel Capacity LK (BSW) 400

HSDPA 16 QAM Support p.c 3

HSDPA PFRP Scheduler p.c 3

HSDPA 48 Users per Cell LTU 3

HSDPA cell upg from 5 to 10 Codes LTU 3


HSDPA Code Multiplexing LTU 3

HSUPA Basic 24 users per BTS LTU 3

Optional features

Hardware (e.g.)

- Upgrade from 1+1+1 40W to 2+2+2 20W with SW

- With one additional dual RF to 2+2+2 40W or 3+3+3 20W

HSPA (e.g.)

- 64 HSDPA users / cell

- 60 HSUPA users / BTS

Loaded Configuration (UOC) with FSMB


FSMC: System Module

Rel1: RF Module triple

1+1+1 @ 20/30/40/60 W with FSMC / triple RF

QPSK/16QAM, RR/PF Scheduler per site with 15 codes

64 users per BTS 12 HSUPA users

Basic Configuration

1+1+1 20W COC FSMC Hardware 1

Flexi RF Module 1.7/2.1 Triple 70 W 1

FTIA Transport PDH symm/Ethernet Hybrid 1

FSMD SYSTEM MODULE 1

SW LTU 1


SW LK 1




HSDPA Processing Set 2 1

HSUPA Processing Set 1 1 Optional features (e.g.)

- Upgrade of one triple RF module to 2+2+2 20W or 30W with license

- Upgrade of system Module with either FSMC or FSMD

Basic Configuration (COC) with FSMC


FSMD: Extension System Module

FSMD: System Module



2+2+2 @ 20/30/40/60 W with FSMD+FSMD 16-QAM, 15 Codes & Code Multiplexing HSDPA 64 users/cell HSUPA 60 users/BTS

Loaded Configuration

Product Description Qty

1+1+1 20W COC FSMD FTPB Hardware 1

FTPB Transport PDH E1/T1/JT1 symmetric 1


FRIB Flexi RF Module 1.7/2.1 Single 50 W 1

FSMD SYSTEM MODULE 1

SW LTU 1


SW LK 1




HSDPA 64 Users per Cell LTU 3



HSDPA Code Multiplexing LTU 3

HSUPA 60 users per BTS LTU 3

HSDPA processing set 3 3

HSUPA processing set 1 3

FSMD capacity for traffic (1-3 cells)

= 12 subunits

2* Triple RF module enables 2+2+2

with 20/30/40/60W

Loaded Configuration (UOC) with FSMD




BTS Configuration





Antenna Solution

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting


BTS

BBU

Rooftop

Distributed Configuration

Rooftop

Not Distributed Configuration

Complete BTS on tower top Tower Feeder Site

Tower Feeder less Distributed Site

Typical Configurations


Flexi Feeder less Installation (1/2)

System Module at the base of the tower

RF parts at tower top mounted next to antennas

Compensates high losses introduced by long feeder runs

Target signal strength can be achieved by smaller amplifiers

which means savings in OPEX

System Module connected to RF parts by OBSAI interface

utilizing optical fiber

Distance up to 200 meters with DC feed

Flexi slim antenna shape RF-

module for easy pole and wall

installations

Or compact 2-sector RF-

Module


Iub

Site installed optical multimode cable up to 200 m

RF Modules located close to antennas

No 3050 m long antenna feeders nor MHAs needed (6 pieces each!)

2.. 5 dB better uplink and downlink RF performance

OBSAI RP3-01 optical interface up to 200 m (with standard RF module sales item includes two optical SFP components)

OBSAI RP3-01

System

Module

RF

Mo

du

le

RF Module

RF Module

Flexi Feeder less Installation (2/2)


Flexi architecture supports optical interface distance up to 15 km with

standard RF Modules

single mode optical cable

high performance long distance optical transceiver SFP components required

System

Module

RF

Mo

du

le

RF Module

RF Module

Optical single mode fiber up to 15 km

Flexi BTS System Module site

Antenna

Flexi Distributed BTS


Feeder less Roof Top Site


Feeder less Tower Site in Latin America


Feeder less Tower Site in East Europe (Complete Mounted BTS)




BTS Configuration





Antenna Solution

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting


Maximum Number of Plug-In Units per Cabinet

Indoor and

Outdoor

UltraSite

Supreme

Indoor

UltraSite

Optima

Outdoor

UltraSite

Optima

Compact

(RF ext.)

Outdoor

UltraSite

Optima

Compact

(IBBU)

Indoor and

Outdoor

UltraSite

Triple

Mode

Wideband Antenna Filter (WAF) 6 3 6 3 3

Wideband Power Divider (WPD) 1 1 1 1 0

Wideband Output Combiner (WOC) 3 2 3 2 0

Wideband Power Amplifier (WPA)

Output power 30W or 54W, for 1 or 2 carriers

6 3 6 3 n/a

Wideband Input Combiner (WIC) 3 2 3 2 1

Wideband Transmitter and Receiver (WTR) 6 3 6 3 3

Wideband Summing and Multiplexing (WSM) 3 2 3 2 1

Wideband Signal Processing (WSP)

For release 2 Ultra Site

18 12 12 12 5

Wideband Application Manager (WAM) 6 4 4 4 2

Wideband Power Amplifier (WMP) n/a n/a n/a n/a 3


Power per Carrier and Sector

WPA power Power per carrier and sector

1+1+1+1+1+1 6 * 20 W 20 W per carrier and sector

1+1+1 3 * 20 W 20 W per carrier and sector

3 * 40 W 40 W per carrier and sector

2+2+2 3 * 20 W 10 W per carrier (20 W per sector)

3 * 40 W 20 W per carrier (40 W per sector)


Example Configuration (CEC 1+1+1)

TLCI bus

SCI - bus

SCI - bus

OCI bus

OCI bus

ACI interface TLCI bus


T - bus

WAF

WTR WSM

WPA

WS

P

WS

P

WS

P

WAM

WAF

WTR WSM

WPA

WS

P

WS

P

WS

P

WAM

DSC - bus

WAF

WTR WSM

WPA

WS

P

WS

P

WS

P

WAM

WIF WIF

AXU

IFU

WSC RT - bus

RR - bus

SR - bus

WIC

WIC

WIC

R - bus

R - bus

T - bus

T - bus

R - bus

DSC - bus

DSC - bus

ST - bus

External alarms and controls

CIF bus

Iub Interface

TLCI bus TLCI

bus

TLCI bus


TLCI bus

OCI bus

SCI - bus

CCI Interface HUB

HUB

HUB

TLCI bus

CIF bus

CIF bus

TLCI bus

SCI - bus

SCI - bus

OCI bus

OCI bus



T - bus

WAF

WTR WSM

WPA

WS

P

WS

P

WS

P

WAM

WAF

WTR WSM

WPA

WS

P

WS

P

WS

P

WAM

DSC - bus

WAF

WTR WSM

WPA

WS

P

WS

P

WS

P

WAM

WIF WIF

AXU

IFU

WSC RT - bus

RR - bus

SR - bus

WIC

WIC

WIC

R - bus

R - bus

T - bus

T - bus

R - bus

DSC - bus

DSC - bus

ST - bus

External alarms and controls

CIF bus

Iub Interface

TLCI bus TLCI

bus

TLCI bus


TLCI bus

OCI bus

SCI - bus

CCI Interface HUB

HUB

HUB

TLCI bus

CIF bus

CIF bus


EUBB RAN1671

Supports HSPA+ features

64QAM

Voice over HSPA

Fractional DPCH

Continuous packet connectivity

New summing and multiplexing unit WSMF

Sums signals from signal processing units or other summing and multiplexing units

Connection to flexi RF modules and radio remote heads via optical OBSAI interface

New wireless signal processing unit WSPF

Performs Rx / Tx code channel processing, coding and decoding

250 CE capacity

Maximum of 3 WSPF cards per EUBB subrack (total 750 CE capacity)

New AXCF transport unit RAN1701

Provides greater capacity for IP based Iub

Can be used also independently on EUBB as Ethernet transport interface

Enhanced Ultra Site Base Band for RU20




BTS Configuration

Antenna Solution

Antenna system

Antenna installation

Appendix: Remote antenna tilt and dual mast head amplifier for Flexi BTS

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting


A WCDMA antenna system may contains the

following components

Antennas

WCDMA mast head amplifiers (MHA)

Bias-T

EMP protector, lightning protection (only needed if no Bias-T is used)

Diplexers (see also GSM/WCDMA co-siting)

combines/divides two bands such as WCDMA and GSM to a common feeder line

Triplexers (see also GSM/WCDMA co-siting)

combines/divides three bands such as WCDMA, GSM1800 and GSM900 to a common feeder line

Feeder & jumper cables, grounding kits

Overview Example

Ultra Site BTS


According horizontal beam width

Omni antennas

Sector antennas (typical beam width 330/650/880 for sites with 6/3/3 sectors)

According polarization

Vertically polarised

Cross-polarised (polarization diversity)

According electrical tilt

Fixed downtilt

Adjustable downtilt (remote control)

WCDMA/GSM dual-band antennas (e.g. GSM900 & WCDMA2100)

Separate element for both bands, separate tilt possible

Separate or common antenna connectors (internal duplexer)

WCDMA/GSM triple-band antennas (e.g. GSM900&1800 & WCDMA2100

WCDMA/GSM broadband antennas (e.g. GSM1800 & WCDMA2100)

Antenna designed to cover multiple frequency bands

Single element and connector for multiple bands, same tilt

Smart Radio Concept (SRC) antennas (with two wideband X-pol elements)

Antenna Types


WCDMA Broadband Antennas

Antenna TypeDimensions

[mm]

Weight

[kg]

Frequency

Range [MHz]

Gain

[dBi]

Beam

WidthDowntilt

CS72761.01 Xpol F-panel 342/155/69 2.0 1710-2170 12.5 65 2

CS72761.02 Xpol F-panel 1302/155/69 6.0 1710-2170 18.5 65 2

CS72761.05 Xpol F-panel 1302/155/69 7.5 1710-2170 17 88 0...8

CS72761.07 Xpol F-panel 1942/155/69 10.0 1710-2170 19.5 65 0...6

CS72761.08 Xpol F-panel 662/155/69 7.5 1710-2170 18 65 0...8

CS72761.09 Xpol F-panel 1302/155/69 3.5 1710-2170 15.5 65 0...10

Antenna Specification (1/2)


WCDMA Narrowbeam Antennas


[mm]

Weight

[kg]

Frequency

Range [MHz]

Gain

[dBi]

Beam

WidthDowntilt

CS72762.01 Xpol F-panel 1302/299/69 12 1900-2170 21 30 0...8

WCDMA Omni Antennas


[mm]

Weight

[kg]

Frequency

Range [MHz]

Gain

[dBi]

Beam

WidthDowntilt

CS72760 Omni 1570/148/112 5.0 1920/2170 11 360 --

WCDMA Dual Broadband Antennas (WCDMA/GSM 1800 or SRC)


[mm]

Weight

[kg]

Frequency

Range [MHz]

Gain

[dBi]

Beam

WidthDowntilt

CS72764.01 Xpol F-panel 1302/299/69 12.0 1710-2170 18.5/18.5 85/85 0..8/0..8

CS72761.09 Xpol F-panel 1302/299/69 12.0 1710-2170 17/17 65/65 0..8/0..8

Antenna Specification (2/2)


Antenna tilt has strong impact on network performance

Cell capacity

Other to own cell interference (little i)

Soft handover overhead

Coverage probability

Continuous tilt adjustments are needed

New sites

Growing or changing traffic (mobility of the subscribers)

Increased efficiency for optimization

Antennas with adjustable tilt

Remote control of tilt by tools and subsystems to minimize the number of site visits

Antenna tilt is one of the key parameters in WCDMA RAN optimization

Antenna Tilt


space diversity

space +

polarization diversity

polarization diversity

2 x polarization diversity within

one radome

130

0 m

m

150 mm 150 mm

260 mm

Upgrade Current

Space diversity improves performance by 0.5..1.0 dB compared to single radome Gain of 2.5 dB with single radome.

Antenna Diversity


-119 dBm / 200 kHz

-37 dBm / 200 kHz

ANT port in-band 5 dBm

out-of-band 20 dBm

BTS port avg 46 dBm in-band

peak 62 dBm in-band

65 dB

71 dB

65 dB

200 - 300 mA

100 msec

UMTS RX, 1920-1980

Alarm Setting Conditions

Alarm current range

Switch time

Critical Input RX filter rejections

Critical TX filter rejections

UMTS TX, 2110-2170

GSM1800, 1805-1880

Passive Intermodulation Products

PIM level in TX band

PIM level in RX band

Rated Power at Ports

Compensates feeder loss and thus improves UL coverage

But does not improve carrier to noise ratio of UL signals

Technical Data Sheet

TX

RX

+/- 0.5 dB room +/- 0.9 dB all temps

Insertion Loss 0.6 dB

Response, other freqs 0 dB within 20 MHz of passband

3rd-order intercept 10 dBm 1dB compression -5 dBm

Noise Figure 2 dB

RX band 16 dB TX band 18 dB

Group delay distortion 20 ns over 5 MHZ

7.0 - 8.6V, UltraSite/MetroSite

11 - 13 V , CoSited BTS

Nominal current 190 mA Max. current 350 mA

Insertion Loss 3 dB Return Loss 12 dB

Voltage

Return Loss, ANT and BTS ports

MHA Input Dynamic Range

Bypass Mode

Nominal gain of 12 dB Gain, RX band

Ripple

DC Power supplied

Mast Head Amplifier


Function

Provides DC power for MHA through feeder line

Lightning protection

Features

Fault monitoring of MHA and Antenna line

Fowards alarms to WAF

Low insertion loss (< 0.3 dB)

Can be installed on mast or in any WCDMA UltraSite cabinet

Insertion loss 0.3 dB

Return loss 18 dB

Rated power 55 W avg, 2.2 kW peak

7 dB nominal

+/- 2 dB tolerance

no alarm: 0 V, 50 mA max

alarmed : 3.3V, 0 mA

Response time 0.5 sec

Alarm indicates: no RF power, high VSWR (no

DC power implied)

Voltage drop 0.5 V

Rated power 7.5 - 9.1V, 350 mA max

DC supply via: RJ-45 from BTS

Ins loss @ 1 MHz 3 dB

DC and Signal

RF Performance

Alarm Signal

VSWR alarm

threshold

Logic

Bias-T


Feeders cause most of the losses in BS antenna system

Higher diameter feeders are selected for antenna lines with longer feeder lengths

Feeder losses decrease when frequency is lower

7/8 loss at 900 MHz is about 3.7 dB/100 m

Single Repeated

CS72251 1/2 0.35 80 160 11.9

CS72252 7/8 0.55 120 250 6.52

CS72254 1 1/5 1.45 250 500 4.05

Attenuation

@ 2170 MHZ

[dB/100m]

Min Bending Radius [mm]Feeder Type

Diameter

[inch]

Weight

[kg/m]

Feeder Specification




BTS Configuration

Antenna Solution

Antenna system



GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting


Pole mounting for

roof-top mounting Tower mounting for

directional antennas

Examples


Most important requirement antennas should mounted in such a way so that their main beams are not obstructed

Roof-top site obstructions could be other antennas or cabins located on the same or a neighbouring roof

Mast or pole mounted antennas obstructions could be trees or nearby buildings

Nearby Obstacles

Poor Position Good Position Poor Position Good Position


If the antenna position is moved away from the edge the antenna is more likely to suffer shadowing

Antennas located away from the edge should be mounted with increased height

Roof-Top Installation (1/2)

h

Clearance angle

d

d < 10 m h > d/2

10 < d < 20 m h > d/3

d > 20 m h > d/4

General rule

h

Clearance angle

d

d < 10 m h > d/2

10 < d < 20 m h > d/3

d > 20 m


Both the area near and far away

from BTS receive a strong signal

Main Lobe

No shadow of radio signal

Main Lobe

Shadow of radio signal

The strongest signal is far

away from Base Station

Roof-Top Installation (2/2)


Wall Installation

Direction of main beam

Half power beam width

15 safety margin


15 safety margin

Good Position

Poor Position


Half power beam width

15 safety margin


15 safety margin

Good Position

Poor Position




BTS Configuration

Antenna Solution

Antenna system



GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting


Flexi tilt is a tool for remote network optimization

Compliant with 3GPP

Compliant with AISG2.0

Must be enabled by software license

Remote control activated without site visit

Tilt commands given by BTS element manager

Hardware realization

Antenna tilt integrated to RF module of Flexi BTS

Feeds DC power to antenna

Controls antenna tilting

Antenna Tilt for Flexi BTS (1/2)

Increased performance by NSN

Flexi Tilt

0 tilt

14 tilt

O&M data


Integrated to BTS :

Power feed and control for MHA including return loss measurement

Lightning protection

3GPP standard antenna tilt O&M Control via antenna feeder

Optional Mast Head Amplifier

Antenna with tilt function

same antenna can be used with or without MHA

(TX/)RX

TX/ RX

3GPP (AISG 2.0) standard interface for antenna tilt and MHA including control and DC

3rd party MHA CWA support

Antenna Tilt for Flexi BTS (2/2)


WMHD has been designed to be used especially together with Flexi WCDMA BTS

Integrated Smart Bias-T

Rx gain = 12 dB

Noise figure = 1.4 dB

Mechanics

Dimensions (190 x 150 x 50)

Weight, 3.5 kg

Environmental

Operating temperature = -40 +55 C

Enclosure = IP67

MTBF > 700.000 hours

Installation wall or pole

AISG 2.0 support

MHA activation without site visit

Better MHA diagnostics (enhanced alarm information)

Support for new AISG 2.0 tilt antennas

AISG 2.0 MHA and antenna tilt commands + DC CWA mode MHA

control

If Flexi Tilt is used WMHD is allways in AISG 2.0 mode

Dual Mast Head Amplifier (1/2)

AISG = Antenna Interface

Standards Group

3GPPAL interface is defined

based on AISG interface


Antenna

Tilt adjustor unit

Mast Head Amplifier

Smart Bias-T

Typical installation

WMHD and antenna with integrated tilt adjustor unit

WMHD and antenna with integrated tilt

adjustor unit and smart bias-T

WMHD installation

Dual Mast Head Amplifier (2/2)




BTS Configuration

Antenna Solution

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting

Possible Problems

WCDMA and GSM in different frequency range

Appendix: NSN solution - WCDMA and GSM in different frequency range

Appendix: NSN solution - WCDMA and GSM in same frequency range


Original GSM 900 DL band

Frequency

960 MHz 925 MHz

UMTS

TDD

1900

MHz

1920

MHz

1980

MHz

2nd harmonics of GSM 900 DL band

UMTS FDD GSM 900

DL

950 MHz

Harmonic Emission

2nd harmonics of GSM 900 DL (950- 960 MHz)

May affect UMTS TDD frequency range and possible lowest FDD frequency band

Has to be filtered out at the output of the GSM 900 BTS


1839.6 1862.8

Inter-modulation products of GSM 1800 DL

3rd order inter-modulation products 2*f1 f2 may affect UMTS FDD frequency range for

f1 > 1862.8 MHz

f2 < 1839.6 MHz

Has to be filtered out at the output of the GSM 1800 BTS

Alternatively inter-modulation falling into UMTS range can be avoided by good frequency planning

n,m fIM [MHz]

2 * f1 - 1 * f2 1925

3 * f1 - 2 * f2 1975

1 * f1 - 2 * f2 1775

Example

f1 = 1875 MHz, f2 = 1825 MHz

1880

MHz

1805

MHz

Freq.

1980

MHz 1920

MHz

f1 f2

Intermodulation products

Inter-Modulation


Coverage for GSM and WCDMA often should be identical

2 GHz UMTS coverage tends to be smaller than GSM 900 coverage

Additionally coverage service dependent (Eb/No, processing gain)

Coverage enhancing features needed to get same coverage area

Capacity sharing between GSM and WCDMA

UMTS speech users can be handed over to GSM as network of higher preference to offer more UMTS capacity to data services

On the other GSM speech users are handed over to UMTS only in case of high GSM load

Coverage & Capacity Handling




BTS Configuration

Antenna Solution

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting

Possible Problems





Possible Configurations

To re-use GSM sites for WCDMA, the following options exist

Co-location GSM and UMTS HW located beside, but separated antennas

Co-siting GSM and UMTS HW located beside, using same antennas

Independent on antenna configuration, the following options exist

Separate antenna lines more HW costs, but no diplexer required (introduced small additional path loss)

Shared antenna lines less HW costs, but diplexer required (nevertheless preferred

in real networks)

GSM UMTS GSM UMTS GSM UMTS

Diplexer separate antenna

lines shared

antenna

lines

Multiband

Antenna

Separate

antennas


GSM 900 BTS

GSM 1800 BTS

WCDMA BTS

Insertion Loss Port - Common

Isolation, port to port

Return Loss any port

GSM RX band

GSM 120 W avg 1.44 kW peak

UMTS 55 W avg 2.15 kW peak

-116 dBm

Rated Power at Ports

Passive Intermodulation

RF Performance

0.3 dB

50 dB

> 18 dB

NSN overall unit types

Triplexer Unit

GSM 900 / WCDMA Diplexer Unit

GSM 1800 / WCDMA Diplexer Unit

Selectable DC pass function in each unit

Technical Data Sheet

NSN Triplexer

Diplexers / Triplexers




BTS Configuration

Antenna Solution

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting

Possible Problems





Loss UL/DL 0.6 dB

Separate antennas

Diplexer

NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS

GSM BTS

Diplexer

Separate antennas for GSM and WCDMA

Shared antenna

lines

Loss UL/DL 0.6 dB

Tilt for WCDMA antenna

Diplexer

NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS

GSM BTS

Diplexer


Shared antenna

lines

Tilt control commands modulated into feeder line by NSN WCDMA Flexi BTS

Flexi BTS Antenna System Solution - Separate Antennas (1/2)

Solution without MHA


Tilt for WCDMA antenna

Loss DL 1 dB Loss DL 1 dB

Separate antennas with MHAs

Separate antennas and MHAs for GSM and WCDMA

Diplexer

MHA MHA

Diplexer

Shared antenna

lines

MHA control messages modulated in antenna lines

External Bias-T

PITA

cable


Diplexer

MHA MHA

Diplexer

Shared antenna

lines

NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS

GSM BTS NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS

GSM BTS


Flexi BTS Antenna System Solution - Separate Antennas (2/2)

Solution with MHA


Loss UL/DL 0.3 dB

Shared antenna

Shared antenna

NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS

GSM BTS

Diplexer

Shared antenna

lines

Loss UL/DL 0.6 dB

Dual band antenna with diplexer

Shared antenna

NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS

GSM BTS

Diplexer

Shared antenna

lines

Dual band

antenna

with built in

diplexer

(824-960 &

1710-2170

MHz)

Flexi BTS Antenna System Solution - Shared Antennas (1/2)



Loss UL/DL 0.3 dB

Tilt for shared antenna

Smart Bias-T extracts tilt control commands from the feeder

Tilt adjustor unit

NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS

GSM BTS

Diplexer

Shared antenna

lines

Shared antenna


Loss UL/DL 0.6 dB

Tilt for dual band antenna

Smart Bias-T extracts tilt control commands from the feeder

NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS

GSM BTS

Diplexer

Tilt adjustor unit for 1800, 2100

Tilt adjustor unit for 900

Flexi BTS Antenna System Solution - Shared Antennas (2/2)



Consists of FAWA (low/high band combiner) and FDWA (low/high band combiner)

Low band (700 900 MHz) and high band (1700 2100 MHz)

Works with GSM, WCDMA, LTE (FDD)

Reduces the need for any bias tees mounted near the top of the tower and any long bias tee cable

Reduces the number of RF feeder cables to the antenna system

Support current alarming for low and high band BTS or both

Device works independently for Non AISG supported BTS setups

Support EX-Siemens MHAs 7.68 MHz interface

Designed as completely outdoor mounted

FAWA

FDWA

RAN1876 Smart Diplexer for RU20




BTS Configuration

Antenna Solution

GSM/WCDMA Co-Siting

Possible Problems





Separate Systems Flexi Multiradio Combiner Flexi Feederless Site

Flexi WCDMA RF module

Flexi WCDMA System module

Optical fiber and DC cable

Separate antennas for GSM and WCDMA or single antenna with 2 broad band elements inside same radome

Flexi Multi Radio Combiner

Shared MHAs

Shared Antenna for GSM

and WCDMA

Shared feeders

Flexi WCDMA RF modules

Flexi WCDMA System module

Dual MHA

AISG Compliant

Separate output for

antenna tilt signals

GSM MHAs

GSM Antenna

Feeders

GSM BTS

WCDMA MHAs

WCDMA Antenna

Feeders

Flexi WCDMA

BTS

NSN Solution Overview


Antenna System equipment

NSN Multi Radio Combiners 3 pieces

Shared antennas 3 radomes

Shared Mast Head Amplifiers 6 pieces

Shared feeder lines 6 pieces

If MHAs already in

use and controlled

by UltraSite BTS

Flexi adapts. In

case of new MHAs

Flexi can also take

control.

NSN Multi-Radio

Combiner

Flexi RF modules

Flexi System module

Shared Mast Head Amplifiers

Shared Antenna

Shared feeders

Shared Antenna System by NSN Multi-Radio Combiner


Operating band: 880 915 MHz

Other frequency variants: 850 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz

Compatibility

NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS with NSN EDGE base stations

Other vendor 3GPP-compliant base stations (on a separate agreement)

Operation principle

Combiner unit with filters

Allows the use of remote antenna tilt

NSN Flexi BTS module mechanics

1.5 HU without casing

2 HU with Flexi casing

Performance

DL loss = 0.5 dB both for WCDMA and GSM

UL loss = 4 dB, can be compensated with MHA

Dual MHA for 900 MHz (MDGA) is recommended to be used together with Flexi

Multi-Radio Combiner to compensate UL loss

Installation

Stack, wall or pole mounted, or in 19 racks

Can be installed indoors or outdoors, IP67

Combiner 900 MHz

MDGA

NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS

GSM 900 BTS

FMC

Shared antenna

Shared antenna lines

Flexi Multiradio combiner

NSN Flexi Multi-Radio Combiner

NSN Multi-Radio Combiner (1/2)


Full band device

No active electronics

Signal by-pass for MHA power feed and control/alarms

RX TX

ANT1 ANT2

TX RX

TX/RX RX RX TX/RX

Other BTS WCDMA BTS

NSN Multi-Radio Combiner (2/2)


GSM Tx/Rx WCDMA Div

Separate tilt for WCDMA and

GSM with single X-pol

antenna

Antenna Tilting with Flexi Multi-Radio Combiner

Refarming Antenna for 900 MHz with separate tilting

capability for -45 and +45 under study

Separate tilt for WCDMA and GSM by 2 V-pol antennas separated 4 meters from each other

Tilt for -45 dipoles

Tilt for +45 dipoles

WCDMA Tx/Rx

GSM Div

WCDMA Tx/Rx

GSM Div

GSM Tx/Rx WCDMA Div


RAN1079 850 MHz

Enables common antenna line sharing for GSM/EDGE & WCDMA BTSs operating in the same band

Full band device, no active electronics

Signal by-pass for MHA power feed and control/alarms

TX path loss ~ 0.5 dB

RX path loss ~ 4.5 dB (can be compensated with MHA)

Benefits of sharing antennas on GSM/WCDMA sites

Faster site construction and WCDMA rollout, as existing GSM antenna system can remain untouched

Savings in antenna system Same antenna lines for GSM/WCDMA

Visual impact Less antenna cables and antennas

Multi-Radio Combiners for RU20 (1/2)


RAN2114 900 MHz Active Dual Duplex MRC

New Active Multi Radio Combiner for 2G 900 MHz 3G 900 MHz co-siting

Cannot be used with MHAs

Needs an antenna sharing solution for dual-duplexed 3 + 3 + 3 ... 4 + 4 + 4 GSM sites

Radio Design has offered MRCs with LNAs

Operability Aspects:

6dB LNA compensates the loss of RX signal splitting in the combiner

Works as MHA to BTS (only HW database update needed) - controlling via AISG

Preferred BCCH TRX parameter used to control GSM TRX

connections (in case of BCCH

reconfiguration and initial set-up)

Multi-Radio Combiners for RU20 (2/2)


RAN2317 180 W Multiradio remote RF for RU30 (1/2)

This feature is a superior future proof BTS site solution for all existing and new mobile operators.

With this feature it is possible to have up to 180 W output power per sector configurations with only one physical Flexi RF Module. It is possible to build high capacity and coverage

sector for GSM and WCDMA/LTE by allocating the power flexibly from one power amplifier

(MCPA) to different radio technologies.

Flexi EDGE 18 / 36 Carrier System Module

Multimode System Module (WCDMA / LTE)

Flexi 3-Sector RF Module 180W (GSM / WCDMA / LTE)

MR Flexi RU30

Benefits for the Operator: feature offers excellent evolution path and

expansion possibilities for operators with high

GSM traffic. The GSM capacity in the network can

be maintained or expanded as needed and

gradually sifted to 3G and LTE technologies.

Full 3GPP RF band support in TX and RX makes this feature superior in terms of capacity and

coverage and makes it also attractive for MORAN

operators.

Performance can be further improved by separate optimal Antenna Tilt for GSM and WCDMA/LTE.


RAN2317 180 W Multiradio remote RF for RU30 (2/2)

This feature enables usage of up to 180 W output power per sector with one Flexi RF module

Enables possibility to build high capacity and coverage sector for GSM and WCDMA/LTE

Supported RF Modules:

- FXFA Flexi RF Module 1900 Triple

- FXCA Flexi RF Module 850 Triple

- FXDA Flexi RF Module 900 Triple

- FXEA Flexi RF Module 1800 Triple

Configuration examples:

- WCDMA/LTE 1+1+1 MIMO with 120 W per carrier and GSM 1+1+1 with 60W per carrier.



Operates in following concurrent modes:

- GSM + WCDMA

- GSM + LTE


GSM 900 BTS and Flexi System Module in equipment room

Flexi WCDMA 900 RF parts mounted next to antennas

Separate tilt for WCDMA 900 to overcome signal over shooting

Compensates high losses for WCDMA 900 introduced by long feeder runs

Target signal strength can be achieved by smaller amplifiers which means savings in

OPEX

System Module is connected to RF parts by OBSAI interface utilizing optical fiber

Distance up to 200 meters

Separate elements for WCDMA 900

and GSM 900 inside the same radome

GSM 900 BTS

Flexi WCDMA

900 System

Module

Flexi WCDMA RF modules next

to antennas

Co-Siting without

additional losses

No need for changes to

GSM 900 BTS and antenna

lines

Feeder Less Solution


Thank You !

Documents

09_RN31549EN30GLA0_Site Solutions and Site Planning