1 11 DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING E-GOVERNMENT POLICIES: THE CASE OF THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY TRENTO 28-29 MARCH 2012 The social and economic value of public

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DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING E-GOVERNMENT POLICIES: THE CASE OF THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY

TRENTO 28-29 MARCH 2012

The social and economic value of public information

Carlo BatiniUniversita’ degli Studi di Milano Bicocca

[email protected]

The social and economic value of public information

Remark

• Slides with symbol will be deliberately skipped, they are left to provide further material

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3

Public information and social and economic value

PublicInformation

PrivateReuse

Community

Public service

Backoffice

Market

Social value Economic value

Opendata

4

Public information and social value

PublicInformation

PrivateReuse

Community

Public service

Backoffice

Market

Social value Economic value

Opendata

Good policies for public information:

lessons learned in Italy

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6

1. Defining relevant types of data:Essential and personal data

Essential data are those public data that are needed by citizens and businesses to exercise their rights or else to achieve desired functionings (“beings” and “doings”)

E.g. Which law or laws discipline this aspect of my relationship with the Government?

Personal data are those public data that are accessible to a single person or a circumscribed number of persons that have the right to access them

E.g. where is my file for passport renewal?

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Examples of essential data Mandelkern Report, France, 1995

• Juridical data (laws, norms, etc.)• Statistical data• Geographical data • Environmental data• Metereological data • Economic and Financial data • Public Registries

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2. The back/front offices as enabling technologies for establishing policies

a. Technological architecture in the traditional interaction

Back office Central PA

Back office Local PA1


Front office Central PA

Front office Local PA1


b. Technological architecture in the new interaction

Common front office service oriented layer

Common back office cooperative layer

Internal information flows







Data & ServicesServices

9

More on back office data











PublicInformation

Backoffice

Community

Open

data

PublicInformation

Example of enabling norm in ItalyLaw 340/2000 art. 25 comma 2

Public administrations have free access to data managed in public registries and documents, except personal data and documents, in which case they have to justify accessibility on the basis of the adherence of data to their administration’s responsibility.

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3. Data Governance initiatives:The same business as represented

in three national registries

Agency Identifier Name Type of activity

Address City

Social Security

CNCBTB765SDV Canned meat production of John Ngombo

Retail of bovine and ovine meats

35 Niagara Street

New York

Social Assurance

0111232223 John Ngombo sales Grocer’s shop, beverages

9 Rome Street

Albany

Chambers of Commerce

CND8TB76SSDV Meat production in New York state of John Ngombo

Butcher 4, Garibaldi Square

Long Island

What shall we do?Data Governance, Data Governance, Data

Governance!

164

91

161

520

162

163MI, MT, MD

1902

4

6

7

910

1112

16

1820 24 2527

353637

3938

40

45

4748

51

53

54

55

59

63

64

65

68

7172

73

7480

82

87

88

89

93 9697

98

101

104105

108

110

120

131137

153

160

171

165

173

174

180

501

506507

515516

526

600

603

602

650

651

653

663

5

19

52

66

81

86

90

92

99

111

132

136

142

170

172

531

656

MAE, MF, MGG, MI,

MIBCA, MLP, MLPS, MT,MTN, MCE,MD, MURST

MAE, MURST, MPI

MAE, MGG,MI

MAE, MI, MLPS

MF, MTMGG, MI,MIBCA , MT, MTN

MI

MI, MS

601

21

109

Individual

School

Justice

Foreign affairs

Work

Pension

Health and Assistance

Revenue

Politics

Social life

Retired

Veteran

Civil Disability

Claiming civil disabilities

Worker

Unemployed

Student

Self-employedEmployee

Convict

Taxpayer

Foreigner

Assisted

Housewife

Candidate

Volunteer

Italian

Resident abroad

Foreign

With disability

Condemned

Waiting for sentence

With scholarship

Reported

Belonging toTax registry

Taxpayer VAT office

Land registry office member

Town clerk

Drug addict

Reported drug addict

Looking for new job

Looking for first job

Applicant for citizenship

Applicant for visa

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Central Administrations,Italy, 1995

Local AdministrationsPiedmont, 2003

Reference on Data Governance

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More on open data











PublicInformation

Backoffice

Community

Open

data

PublicInformation

Open essential data must be free of charge

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The Italian Official Journalyear 2000

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17

Cost of bank transactions

$5,00

$3,40

$0,30$0,10 $0,01

$0,00

$1,00

$2,00

$3,00

$4,00

$5,00

$6,00

Visit toClient

Client goesto Teller

Client goesto ATM

Banking byPhone

InternetBanking

$ C

ost

per

tran

sacti

on

Source: Belltech - “America Economia”, Nov. 19, 1998, p. 209

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The paradox of the Italian Official Journal in 90s

Source: Il Sole-24 Ore newspaper, nov. 2000

L. 30

L. 3.200

L. 0

L. 500

L. 1.000

L. 1.500

L. 2.000

L. 2.500

L. 3.000

L. 3.500

L. 4.000

Edizione su carta Edizione telematica

Co

sto

in L

. per

pag

ina

Paper edition Electronic edition

Cost

in lir

as

per

pag

e

1 € = 1880 liras

Outcome

• Italian Official Journal for free for the last 60 days

• Eurpean Official Journal for free fr the last 45 days

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Open data must be of good quality

(accurate, complete, current, etc.)

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Applying data cleaning……


Address City

Social Security

CNCBTB765SDV Canned meat production of John Ngombo

Retail of bovine and ovine meats

35 Niagara Street

New York

Social Assurance

0111232223 John Ngombo sales Grocer’s shop, beverages

9 Rome Street

Albany




Long Island

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We improve data quality……


Address City




Long Island

Agency Identifier

Social Security CNCBTB765SDV

Social Assurance 0111232223


CND8TB76SSDV

Certified copy

Entity reconciliatio

n

More on data quality……2006

Open data must be linked:linked open data

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Linked Open Datasets

on the Web

May 2007 September 2008 July 2009

September 2011

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Initially data are small disconnected clouds……

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First level: give addresses (URI) to data so that ……they are linked

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http://www.dsfad.dd

http://www.ffrrt.gf

http://www.htread.dd

http://www.grgad.dd http://www.httyud.dd

http://www.ffoot.gf

http://www.ffrrt.gf

http://www.ffopt.gf

http://www.fkurrt.gf

http://www.jypt.gf

http://www.bbbyud.dd

http://www.cvbyud.dd

First level: give addresses (URI) to data so that ……they are linked

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http://www.dsfad.dd

http://www.ffrrt.gf

http://www.htread.dd

http://www.grgad.dd http://www.httyud.dd

http://www.ffoot.gf

http://www.ffrrt.gf

http://www.ffopt.gf

http://www.fkurrt.gf

http://www.jypt.gf

http://www.bbbyud.dd

http://www.cvbyud.dd

Second level: data have to be provided with names (URN) in such a way to …

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Sono prioritariamente inseriti nel ruolo di cui al comma 1 i dirigenti già

inquadrati nelle soppresse tabelle allegate alla law

august 23, 1988, n. 400, i dirigenti vincitori di concorso presso la

Presidenza e i dirigenti con incarico di prima fascia. La collocazione dei dirigenti

nella posizione soprannumeraria non

comporta alcun pregiudizio giuridico, economico e di

carriera.

Capo I Gli organi del Governo Art. 1 Gli Organi del Governo - Formula di giuramento 1. Il Governo della Repubblica è composto del Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri e dei ministri, che costituiscono insieme il Consiglio dei ministri. 2. Il decreto di nomina del Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri è da lui controfirmato, insieme ai decreti di accettazione delle dimissioni del precedente Governo.

Legislative decreeDecember 5, 2003, n.

343

Law august 23, 1988, n. 400?

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Assigning uniform names to Laws

Uniform Resource Names (URN)

Example Law 127, May 15, 1997

urn:state:law: 1997-05-15;127

Type of norm

Date and number

Issuing Authority

Second level: data have to be provided with names in such a way to make them

“linkable”

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Sono prioritariamente inseriti nel ruolo di cui al comma 1 i dirigenti già

inquadrati nelle soppresse tabelle allegate alla law

august 23, 1988, n. 400, i dirigenti vincitori di concorso presso la

Presidenza e i dirigenti con incarico di prima fascia. La collocazione dei dirigenti

nella posizione soprannumeraria non

comporta alcun pregiudizio giuridico, economico e di

carriera.

Capo I Gli organi del Governo Art. 1 Gli Organi del Governo - Formula di giuramento 1. Il Governo della Repubblica è composto del Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri e dei ministri, che costituiscono insieme il Consiglio dei ministri. 2. Il decreto di nomina del Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri è da lui controfirmato, insieme ai decreti di accettazione delle dimissioni del precedente Governo.

Legislative decreeDecember 5, 2003, n.

343

Law, august 23,1988, n. 400

state:law:2003-12-05;343

state:law:1988-08-23;400

Open data should have social value

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Open data on www.il.data.gov (Illinois)

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http://www.il.data.gov/

Social value – Economist October 2011

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Who decides and How to decide the social value of data?

• Government?• Final users?• Reciprocal interaction among the two?

Proposal: 1.PAs publish all types of data in its own infor-

mation system that are potentially open data,

2.A third party certifies the correctness and completeness of the statement

3.Citizens decide priorities35

Open data should be visible and geo-referenced

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Map of rest areas in Illinois

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Table Map

Open data should be reusable, so they should be changed into open

services

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From www.data.gov

(March 20, 2012)

Public Collectivity

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Example of App for open data

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Popularity of applications

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Economic value of informationjust the flavour…

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Concepts to be related

• Information quality, namely accuracy, completeness,etc.

• Information structure, organization of data and operations on data

• Information diffusion, how information extracted from data is used in the organization

• Information capacity, how many “different” pieces of information can be extracted

• Information utility, how much available information is effective for the organization

• Information value, how much it is economically convenient to use ICT technologies to increase utility

How to relate all of them together and with ICT (integration) technologies?

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A Unified Model

Information

quality

Information

structure

Information

diffusion

Information

Value

Publish&Subscribe technologies

Applicationintegration architectures

Business process structureSet of Processes

Data Integration technologies

Accuracy, Completeness

Data structure

Information integration architectures

Set of DB schemasQuery loadTransaction load

Information Capacity

Information

Utility

Costs

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Thank you!

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Rests

46

47


PublicInformation

PrivateReuse

Community

Public service

Backoffice

MarketOpendata

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PrivateReuse

Market

PublicInformation

Community

Backoffice

Opendata

Public information and social value

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More on the back office











PublicInformation

Backoffice

Community

Open

data

PublicInformation

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New York City

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Freedom of Information Act – USA - 1966

• Il Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), "atto per la libertà di informazione", è una legge sulla libertà di informazione, emanata negli Stati Uniti il 4 luglio 1966 dal presidente Lyndon B. Johnson, che impone alle amministrazioni pubbliche una serie di regole per permettere a chiunque di sapere come opera il Governo federale, comprendendo l'accesso totale o parziale a documenti classificati.

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http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informazione

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_Uniti

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_luglio

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_federale_degli_Stati_Uniti

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Tipologie di dati essenziali(Rapporto Mandelkern, Francia,

1995)

• Dati giuridici (atti normativi, la giurisprudenza)

• Dati statistici• Dati geografici• Dati ambientali• Dati meteorologici• Dati economici e finanziari• Registri

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Transaparency

Sustainability, efficiency and cost reduction

Effectiveness of services

Local Data bases

Security and P

rivacy

Social inclusion

Local Document bases

New technological model - 1 start from principles

technologies are a tool, not an end

1. Seamless, secure interface

2. CooperativeTechnological infrastructure

4. Central Data bases 4. Global

Document bases

3.Internal information flows

Users

Information and service flows

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Users

Qua

lity and integratio

n of data

and services

Authen

tication and an

onymity

Interoperability of processes,

data and flows

Ope

nness and R

euse

Local Data bases

Central Data bases



Global Document bases

Accessibility and

user diversity ada

ptivity

Main drivers of legal frameworks

Seamless, secure interface

CooperativeTechnological infrastructure

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Seamless interfaces

Multichannel access

Digital authentication

Event notification infrastructure

Interoperability and cooperation infrastructure

Connectivity infrastructure

Users

Qua

lity and integratio

n of data

and services

Authen

tication and an

onymity

Interoperability of processes,

data and flows

Ope

nness and R

euse

Local Data bases

Central Data bases




Accessibility and

user diversity ada

ptivity

Reference model of the technological infrastructure

Example: the NormeinRete technological architecture

XML markup + URNs

Users







Seamless interface: Search index + URN resolution

Multichannel access






Central Registries

Interoperability and cooperation infrastructureDTDs Names Norms


Main principle addressed:

transparency

Main drivers: - interoperability- accessibility

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Life cycle of a legal framework in a single country

1. When a technology is at its mature stage, produce a first draft

2. Experimentation in a small environment with “safe-conduct”

3. Updated draft and request for comments4. Impact analysis 5. Enactment of the final document6. Adequate period of time for procedures

and infrastructure adjustment

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XML markup + URNs

Users







Seamless interface: Search index + URN resolution

Multichannel access






Example: the NormeinRete legal framework

Central Registries

Interoperability and cooperation infrastructureDTDs Names Norms

Interoperability: Technical rules for URNs and XML formats

Accessibility:W3G standards

adopted

Traditional scenario….

€

Court of Cassation Official Journal

Publishers

€ €

60

…after Internet spreading…

€

Central PA Local PA PublishersJudicial offices

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….new scenario

Central PA Judicial offices Local PA

Normeinrete

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central registries

Cooperative architecture

names registry

NIR-nodesdirectory

normscatalogue

administration i domain

norms NIR-node

administration j domain

normsNIR-node

NIRgateway

NIRgateway

NIR services

indexing

front-office channels

searchindex

searching URNresolution

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Data referring to the same object are non integrated and heterogeneous

Registryoffice

Driver licencereistry

Tax payersregistry

Payroll Health serviceregistry

Person

Numericalcode

Fiscal code

Fiscal code

Driver Licencecode

Mnemonic code

Terzo livello: i links devono essere individuabiliin modo che i dati siano “interlinked”

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Income

States

Tax payer

Tax payer

Boat

Owns

Find SSN of tax payers that States an income <= 10.000 € andOwn >= 1 Boats

Documents

1 11 DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING E-GOVERNMENT POLICIES: THE CASE OF THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY TRENTO 28-29 MARCH 2012 The social and economic value of public