1 112/BIO... · Web view2016/07/21 · Summer 2016 68462 3 Units NVC 1435 MTWTh 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM RIDDELL Page 2 of 21 BIO 112 SM 2016 68462 FNX Q 160721.4c Stu dent Learning Outcome

Biology 112 – Introduction to Ecology

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Summer 201668462 3 UnitsNVC 1435MTWTh 1:00 PM – 3:00 PMRIDDELL

Student Learning Outcome 1Apply quantitative models that describe population growth and dynamics.

Population

Statement / Question CODE Answer Choices

Population and education by gender:1. Over the past 40 years more adult women have completed college than adult men. T / F 2. Late 20 yo women began to surpass late 20 yo men in college graduation rates about year ___. 3. Equal numbers of men and women over the age of 25 graduate / completed college in year_______. 4. A higher percentage of men compared to women are expected to complete college in 2020. T / F.

ABCDEABACADAEBCBDBECDCE

FalseTrue197019751980198519901995200020052010201520202025

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5. In what way would improving the status of women in developing countries have a positive impact on achieving sustainable development?

a) Women are disproportionately disadvantagedb) Women are charged with child carec) Women are the only ones that think or workd) Improvement in women’s status contributes to the stability and prosperity of the communitye) nothing

Based on the Population Data Sheet PDF File on Web Site. Choose the value closest to your calculation for the following indicated statements.

6. The population of Least Developed Countries is about ____ times the World Population in 2050 7. The population of China is about ____ times the population of US in 2050 8. The population of the Less Developed Countries is about ____ times the population of the More Developed Countries. 9. The proportion of the population under 15 years of age in the developed countries is about _____ times the population under 15 years of age in the Less developed countries as a group. 10. The population of China, India and Africa combined is about ____ times the population of the Americas currently.

RATIO timesAs BIG As

CODE RATIO timesSmaller than

11.251.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

5.567891015202530

ABCDE

ABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDE

ABCABDABEBCD

11.251.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

1020254050

100200300400500



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Population Growth Profiles – Match the Term with the Population dynamics below shown below.Answer Choices

A. Declining B. Rapid C. Stable D. Logistic E. Undeterminable

11. __ 12. __ 13. __ 14. __

Match the annotated illustration to the definitions listed below the figure.

Definitions for Classification of growth dynamics.15. Exponential 16. Linear 17. Logistic



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18. Algae has the lowest concentration of DDT because it is: ___

19. In the associated figure, the gull has the highest concentration of DDT because it is ___:

Data CODE Relationship

A

B

C

D

E

a more complex organism.

an older organism.

at the bottom of the food chain.

at the top of the food chain.

homoeothermic (warm-blooded).



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Student Learning Outcome 2Describe and compare competitive interactions between two species.

Species Interaction and Interdependence

CODE TERM / Relationship

ABCDE

AB

Commensalism Competitive Exclusion Competitive limited resources Mutualism Predation Resource partitioning

Species A

Species B Positive for A Neutral for A Negative for A

And Positive for B 20.

And Neutral for B

And Negative for B 21.



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Select Food WebMatch the annotated illustration to the definitions listed below the figure.

Trophic Level Energy by Body Mass Unit

22. Primary Consumer 23. Primary Producer 24. Secondary Consumer 25. Tertiary Consumer

26. 10,000 27. 10 28. 1,000 29. 100



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30. The common way that a species is defined is that a members of a species includes all organisms that are similar enough to

a) fill the same nicheb) occupy the same communityc) live togetherd) freely interbreed in the wilde) be classified in the same kingdom

31. Based on the figure below, what can be deduced from the data regarding number of consumer species as the structural complexity of the vegetation increases:

32. Based on the figure below, what can be deduced from the data regarding the structural complexity of the vegetation as latitude decreases:

Data Data

Structural complexity of vegetationNum

ber o

f con

sum

er s

peci

es

Lattitude

Stru

ctur

al C

ompl

exity

of V

eget

atio

n

CODE Relationship / Dynamic

ABCDE

Changes randomlyDecreasesFluctuatesIncreasesRemains stable



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33. The reason(s) that tropical regions of the world have such high biodiversity is:a) because they are geologically stable.b) because they have a high productivity.c) because there are many ecological niches.d) All of the abovee) None of the above

Chapter 1: Environmental Science and Sustainability

34. The ability to meet humanity’s current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is termed:

a) ecology.b) environmental sustainability.c) natural balance.d) synergism.e) environmental science

35. Non-renewable resource IS TO renewable resource AS;a) living is to non-living b) limited supply is to sustainable supplyc) tree is to coald) wind energy is to fossil fuel energye) conservation is to overexploitation

36. Which of the following represents an idea associated with environmental sustainability?a) The capacity of the environment to absorb toxins is unlimited.b) The human population continues to grow.c) We are using fossil fuels as if they were present in unlimited supply.d) The Earth's resources are not present in infinite supplye) None of the above

Chapter 2: Environmental Laws, Economics, and Ethics

37. One approach to pollution control is incentive-based regulation. In this tactica) industries adopting specific pollution control methods recommended by the government are rewardedb) industries are encouraged to emit an amount of pollution that is economically most desirable for that companyc) green taxes are levied on industries that represent an emission charge on pollutersd) pollution control laws establish emission targets and industries are provided enticements to reduce emissionse) both c and d



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38. Pollution is considered an external cost because:a) it has a harmful effect borne only by people who purchased the product that caused it.b) its cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the product that produces it.c) it has a significant impact on the consumer's decision to buy the product that causes it.d) it is a hidden cost that would produce increased demand if the consumer were aware of it.e) it is an advertised cost that may affect consumer demand for a given product.

Chapter 3: Ecosystems and Energy

39. Which of the following is an abiotic factor of the environment?a) living spacesb) disease organismsc) photosynthesisd) producerse) detritivores

40. A species is defined as:a) organisms that live together.b) organisms that live in the same area at the same time.c) a group of similar organisms whose members freely interbreed with one another.d) all of the organisms that live together in an area, plus the physical environment that they live in.e) all organisms at a given trophic level within a particular community.

41. The crust of our planet that is made of rock and soil is what layer? a) hydrosphere.b) ecosphere.c) biosphere.d) lithosphere.e) atmosphere.

42. Which term encompasses the other four?a) communityb) populationc) speciesd) biospheree) ecosystem



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Chapter 5: Ecosystems and the Physical Environment

43. Approximately what percentage of the atmosphere is O2?a) 0.001%b) 0.037%c) 10%d) 20%e) 37.5%ab) 50 %ac) 79.8%ad) 98%

44. The phenomenon in which high levels of carbon dioxide cause global warming is known as:a) the Gaia theory.b) acid deposition.c) the greenhouse effect.d) global distillation.e) the El Niño—Southern Oscillation.

Chapter 6: Major Ecosystems of the World

45. The biome most suitable for the development of grapes is:a) taiga.b) tropical rain forestc) temperate grassland.d) chaparral.e) tundra.



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46. According to the diagram below, North and South Pole biomes would fall into the area marked by the letter:

a) ab) bc) cd) de) e

Chapter 7: Human Health and Environmental Toxicology

47. Acute toxicity:a) is only caused by synthetic chemicals.b) is poorly understood by toxicologists.c) may mimic symptoms of chronic diseases.d) produces an effect within a short period of a single exposure.e) always results in death.

48. A dose of drug or fertilizer that is represented as ED50 is a dose thata) is administered to 50% of the population.b) causes 50% of a population to exhibit whatever response is under study.c) has a threshold response of 50%.d) kills half of the population of test animals.e) has an acceptable risk level of 50%.


ED

C

B

A

Arctic

Increasing Latitude

Tropics

Cold

DecreasingTemperature

Hot

WET Decreasing Precipitation DRY


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Chapter 9: The Problems of Overpopulation

49. Which of the following approximates US population as a % of WW population?a) 45%b) total number of peoplec) 4.5%d) .45%e) 44.5%

Based on the Population Data Sheet: 50. In which of the following regions has the highest average of children born to each woman of reproductive age?

CODE Region CODE Region

ABC

AmericasWestern AfricaSub-Saharan Africa

DEAB

AsiaSouth East AsiaWestern Europe

Chapter 10: The Urban World

51. What percentage of the U.S. population lives in regions outside of cities?a) <25%b) 50%c) 75%d) 85%e) 100%

52. Urbanization:a) is growing more quickly in developing countries than in developed countries.b) currently accounts for housing about 75% of the global population.c) results in fewer employment opportunities in developed countries as compared to rural areas. d) refers to the migration of city people to the country to enjoy country living. e) describes a grouping of 10,000 or more individuals.



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Chapter 11: Fossil Fuels

Based on the Energy Data Flow Chart: 53. The fossil fuel that constitutes the 3rd largest source of US energy is_____. 54. The fossil fuel that constitutes the largest source of US electricity energy is_____. 55. The largest use of energy is_____.

CODE ENERGY SOURCES CODE ENERGY USES

ABCDE

ABACADAEBCBD

BiomassCoalGeothermalHydroelectricNatural GasNuclear FissionNuclear FusionPetroleumRecycling WasteSolarWind

ABCDE

ABACADAEBCBD

CommerceDelivery of ElectricityElectricity GenerationIndustryResidentialTransportation

Chapter 12: Nuclear Energy

Based on the Energy Data Flow Chart: 56. The largest use of nuclear fission is_____. 57. Approximately what percent of US Energy comes from Nuclear Fission

CODE ENERGY USES CODE Percent

ABCDE

ABACAD

CommerceDelivery of ElectricityElectricity GenerationIndustryResidentialTransportationNot Listed

ABCDE

ABACAD

0<5101520253040>50



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58. Nuclear fission:a) is a form of combustion.b) is the blending or "melting together" of two small atoms to form a large atom.c) is the splitting of a large atom into two smaller atoms of different elements.d) is the rearrangement of electrons that occurs during a chemical reaction.e) is the process that powers the sun and other stars.

Chapter 13 : Renewable Energy

59. Clusters of non-polluting wind turbines are called: a) photovoltaic centers.b) solar wind farms.c) wind farms.d) air generating systems.e) wind electric centers.

60. Which of the following is an emerging alternative, renewable resource energy technology? Mark all that apply.

a) nuclear energyb) wind farmsc) alcohol fuelsd) photovoltaic solar cellse) geothermal energy

Based on the Energy Data Flow Chart:61. Which of the following renewable energy sources can be used to produce electricity? Mark all that apply

a) solar heatingb) geothermalc) biomass conversiond) photovoltaicse) wind

62. The majority of the renewable sources for generating electricity comes from a) nuclear energyb) hydrothermalc) hydroelectricd) winde) biomass



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Chapter 14: Water: A Limited Resource

63. Most fresh water is present in the form of:a) water in lakes.b) ice caps and glaciers.c) water in rivers.d) groundwater.e) atmospheric water vapor.

64. The fraction of WW fresh water available for human life is approximately :a) 5%b) 3%c) 1%d) .3%e) .03%.

Chapter 15: Soil

65. Soil is formed from parent material by biological, chemical, and physical:a) digestion processes.b) weathering processes.c) composting.d) terracing.e) leaching.

66. In soil formation, the parent material provides:a) humus.b) minerals.c) water-holding capacity.d) mycorrhizae.e) detritus.

Chapter 16: Minerals

67. Which of the following are important minerals? Answer all that applya) sulfurb) nitrogenc) irond) sodiume) copper



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68. Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?a) all are relatively abundant in the Earth's crustb) lustrousc) good conductor of electricityd) good conductor of heate) malleable

Chapter 17: Biodiversity

69. Ecosystem diversity is:a) variety of interactions among organisms in natural communities.b) the number of different species in a given area.c) the variety of abiotic characteristics within a given area.d) the genetic variety within all populations of a given species.e) synonymous with ecosystem services.

70. Of those listed below, the richest biome regarding diversity isa) tundra / arcticb) taiga forestsc) savannah / desertd) ocean / marinee) blackwater swamp / wetlands

71. Organisms that provide an early warning of environmental damage are:a) endemic species.b) endangered species.c) threatened species.d) bellwether species.e) commercial species.

Chapter 18: Land

72. Approximately 55 percent of the land in the United States is owned by:a) the federal government, as national parks.b) Native Americans.c) citizens, corporations, and non-profit organizations.d) state and local governments.e) the federal government, as national forests and rangelands.



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73. Forests:a) fix large amounts of oxygen, removing it from the atmosphere.b) promote soil erosion.c) maintain watersheds.d) provide habitat for few animal species.e) release large amounts of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere.

74. Why are tropical rain forests considered so important to global ecology? Mark all that applya) they contribute greatly to the world's carbon and oxygen cyclesb) they retard soil erosionc) they contain much of the world's biodiversityd) they mitigate floods and droughtse) they are ancient and self generating

Chapter 19: Food

75. The two areas of the world with the greatest food insecurity are:a) South America and South Asia.b) South America and sub-Saharan Africa.c) China and sub-Saharan Africa.d) South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.e) the Middle East and South Asia.

76. Which of the following is a sustainable long-term solution to world food problems? Answer all that apply.

a) overcome cultural barriers to the acceptance of different types of foodb) increase the sustainable production of foodc) assist overall economic developmentd) stabilize populations at sustainable levelse) increase dependence on energy-intensive, high-yield agricultural methods

Chapter 20: Air Pollution

77. The two atmospheric gases most abundant in our atmosphere are :a) carbon dioxide and oxygen.b) hydrogen and oxygen.c) oxygen and argon.d) oxygen and nitrogen.e) carbon monoxide and oxygen.



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78. The stratospheric chemical that prevents much of the solar ultraviolet radiation from penetrating to Earth's surface is:

a) carbon dioxide.b) water vapor.c) ozone.d) particulate matter.e) nitrogen oxides.

79. Which of the following air pollutants is correctly paired with one of its major effects?a) sulfur oxides — acid precipitationb) carbon oxides — corrosion of metalc) hydrocarbons — reduced visibilityd) nitrogen oxides — blocks UV radiatione) particulate matter — production of photochemical smog

Chapter 21: Regional and Global Atmospheric Changes

80. Which of the following are greenhouse gasses? Mark all that applya) carbon dioxideb) methanec) water vapord) chlorofluorocarbonse) sulfur oxide

81. The greenhouse effect occurs because:a) greenhouse gases released interact chemically to produce excess heat.b) there are too many greenhouses scattered across the Earth's surface.c) carbon dioxide and other trace gases trap infrared radiation in the Earth's atmosphere.d) sulfur emissions from smokestacks and volcanoes continue to occur.e) the gases produced by human activities allow significantly more heat to pass out of the Earth's

atmosphere.

Chapter 22: Water Pollution

82. One major problem with sewage is that it adds which of the following to water?a) sodium chloride and dissolved oxygenb) carbon dioxide and nitrogenc) nitrogen and phosphorusd) human wastes and heavy metalse) soil and microorganisms



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Chapter 23: The Pesticide Dilemma

83. One benefit of using a machine like the "bug vac" to remove pests from crop plants is:a) it targets specific pest species.b) one treatment per season is sufficient for pest control.c) it is safer for farm workers than pesticides.d) it is much cheaper to use than pesticides.e) All of the above.

Matching Match the numbered Functions with their respective term

TERM Function

a) fungicide.b) herbicide.c) insecticide.d) botanical.e) rodenticide.

Kills / inhibits growth of weeds and plantsKills / inhibits growth of mice, rats, gophersKills / inhibits growth of bugsKills / inhibits growth of yeasts and smut84. Affects growth of plants

85. Pesticides are effective: Mark all that apply (3)a) at reducing crop productivity due to competition with weeds.b) for controlling some organisms that cause diseases in humans.c) at decreasing the amount of crop damage due to insects.d) at controlling insects and weeds, but ineffective against plant pathogens.e) at increasing the farmer's cost and profits for a particular crop.

86. Genetically modified, pest-resistant crops: a) may contain new and different gens outside of the normal genome for that species.b) have been shown to be completely safe for non-pest insect species, such as the monarch

butterfly.c) have not yet been developed.d) may become invasive pests or persist in the environment longer than unmodified crops.e) require more frequent applications of pesticide, although in lower doses, than unmodified

crops.

87. DDT is still in use in countries such as China, India, Kenya, and Brazil because:



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a) they do not have access to alternative pesticides.b) they are unaware of the serious consequences to human health associated with DDT.c) they are unaware of the serious consequences to the environment.d) it has been shown to be safe to use under certain conditions and in certain environments.e) it is particularly effective against mosquitoes, which carry malaria.

Chapter 24: Solid and Hazardous Wastes

88. Plastics are the fastest growing component of solid waste, largely due to the contribution of:a) obsolete computers.b) disposable diapers.c) packaging.d) discarded automobiles.e) clothing.

89. Phytoremediation:a) is faster than conventional hazardous waste disposal methods.b) is much less expensive than traditional hazardous waste disposal methods.c) for toxic wastes has only been demonstrated in the laboratory.d) involves the use of plants to clean up a contaminated site.e) is particularly effective in deep soil and groundwater applications.

90. Which of the following correctly identifies the attributes of US / Western lifestyle and economy: Answer all that apply [ 3]a) increased use of disposable itemsb) increased materializationc) increased consumptiond) increase reuse of productse) decreased need for recycling of packaging materials

Chapter 25: Tomorrows World Sustainability

91. We often speak of throwing garbage away. Where is “away?”a) a local somewhere in the communityb) someone else’s propertyc) a regulated storage site for wasted) our backyarde) the planet’s back yardac) local communities do not care about other communities

92. What is biological diversity on a global scale?a) Building a sustainable society



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b) Number of and respective / relative ratios of organisms in a balanced ecosystemc) number of earths organismsd) number and variety of earth’s organisms

.

93. Define sustainability: Mark all that apply [3]a) use < carrying capacityb) use levels = synthesis / regeneration levelsc) development = net loss of material

d) production = consumption

e) unrestricted limits

94. Mark the one answer that is the best choice for all 4 questions.

What should you do to improve your local environment?

What could you do to improve your local environment?

What should you do to improve the global environment?

What will you actually do to improve the local and global environments?

a) Take responsibility for others actionsb) Practice consumptionc) Practice scarcityd) Practice conservation, recycling and

reuseab) Base all my decisions on long term consequences to the environmentac) influence my nearest social communities to practice what I doad) some blend of the aboveae) not change anything I dobc) change everyone’s behaviore

bd) take responsibility for my actions

95. Mark all that apply that are TrueA. Current rate of population growth worldwide is sustainable into the distant futureB. Current rate of population growth of the less developed countries is sustainable into the

distant futureC. Current rate of population growth of the developed countries is sustainable into the

distant futureD. Current use of natural resources is sustainable into the distant futureE. None of the above are true with or without additional individual qualifications.


Documents

1 112/BIO... · Web view2016/07/21 · Summer 2016 68462 3 Units NVC 1435 MTWTh 1:00 PM – 3:00 PM RIDDELL Page 2 of 21 BIO 112 SM 2016 68462 FNX Q 160721.4c Stu dent Learning Outcome