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Why is spirituality an essential component in relapse prevention, or recovery programs?
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Why is recovery a difficult term to understand?
• There are thousands of recovery programs professing to be the best; however there is not ONE answer.
• a term with “no complete consensus on the definition even among those in recovery.”
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Recovery….• Recovery is defined as a voluntarily
maintained lifestyle composed characterized by sobriety, personal health, and citizenship.
What is re covery? A working definition from the Betty Ford Institute The Betty Ford Institute Consensus Panel
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Recovery…
Cancer survivor-• After 5 years the risk of cancer returning
“relapsing” is significantly reduced• Proudly displayed pink ribbons that the public
recognize• Public discussion of survival rates has increased
the proportion of individuals willing to get early screening for the illness and to take preventive measures (CDC 2004)
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Disease Diabetes Addiction
Diet Monitor Diet Learn to eat healthy
Avoid Sugar, alcohol, too many carbs
Abused Substance, any mind-altering drug
Professional help
Doctors educate client on learning to live with disease…monitoring glucose levels and leading a balanced life and preventing insulin imbalance
Therapist educate on learning to live with disease… identifying triggers, strategies for leading a balanced life and preventing relapse
Exercise A key to good health- helps circulation
A key to good health- helps brain recovery
Testing Monitor insulin levels Random drug testing
Relapse Frequent insulin imbalances Typically part of recovery
Support Grps Helpful for diabetic and family Often key to success; helpful for addict and family
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Spirituality is often the missing piece in
treatment programs for addiction.
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Spirituality is a• Vague concept • Personal• Complex
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Spirituality is not a religion.• Religion refers to an institution and
a system.• However:
– Terms are often used interchangeable– Frequently intertwined
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A concise definition:
• Spirituality emphasizes an inner quality that “facilitates connectedness with the self, other people, and nature.”
• Spirituality is fundamentally an ideographic aspect of the person.
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A more complex definition:
• “Spirituality is a distinctive, potentially creative and universal dimension of human experience arising both within the inner subjective awareness of individuals and within communities, social groups and traditions. It may be experienced as relationship with that which is intimately 'inner', immanent and personal, within the self and others, and/or as relationship with that which is wholly 'other', transcendent and beyond the self”. (Cook , 2004)
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“Collectively, it is clear that there is an enormously large number of different definitions comprising a relatively small number of common themes.” (Cook, 2006)
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13 recurring themes:1.Relatedness: interpersonal relationships2.Transcendence: recognition of a
transcendent dimension to life3.Humanity: the distinctiveness of humanity4.Core/force/soul: the inner 'core', 'force' or
'soul' of a person5.Meaning/purpose: meaning and purpose in
life6.Authenticity/truth: authenticity and truth
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7. Values: values, importance and worth8. Non-materiality: opposition of the
spiritual to the material9. (Non)religiousness: opposition of
spirituality to, or identity with, religion10. Wholeness: holistic wellness.
wholeness or health11. Self-knowledge: self-knowledge and
self-actualization12. Creativity: creativity of the human agent13. Consciousness: consciousness and
awareness
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Higher Power Supreme Being
supernatural Divine Order
mystical Truth
unity soul
flow of Energy consciousness
Variety of Terms:
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Outcomes of integrating spirituality into substance
abuse counseling programs
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Positive Physical Health Outcomes• Lower rates of morbidity
• Lower mortality from cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer
• Long-term sobriety
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Positive Mental Health Outcomes• Lower levels of depression
• Decreased levels of suicide
• Higher levels
• self -esteem
• life satisfaction• personal adjustment
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Positive Mental Health Outcomes
Higher religious faith and spirituality was associated with increased coping, greater resilience to stress, an optimistic life orientation, greater perceived social support, and lower levels of anxiety. (Carol, 1993)
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Negative Outcomes of Spirituality
• No relationship between spirituality and stress levels• Increased length of sobriety is not associated with
greater contentment, nor with lower stress levels• Social and cultural factors may impact abstinence
– Cohesiveness and emotional closeness among family members
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Outcomes of integrating religion into substance
abuse counseling programs
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Positive Religious Outcomes• Protect against substance use
– Less likely to use tobacco, alcohol & illicit drugs
• Promote pro-social activities– Anti drug norms
– Form peer groups
– Less likely to engage with deviant peers
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Positive Religious Outcomes
• Strong faith makes traumatic events easier to bear, even allowing them to be viewed as opportunities for spiritual growth.
• Church attendance, prayer, and scripture reading were associated with lowered risks of a clinical disorder.
(Ellison ,1991)
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Negative Outcome of Religion• Individuals who are affiliated with a religious
group and use substances may become MORE isolated! Study by National Center on Addiction & Substance Abuse (2001)
• Increased feelings of guilt and shame
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Gender Differences• Women
– Higher spirituality was associated with higher contentment and lower stress levels
• Internal factor of spirituality
• Men– Relationship between contentment and stress is
stronger• External, environmental factors
E.D. Poage et al.,(2004) (Further Research Needed)
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Ethnic Factors
• Latinos– Religion offers support during stressful times– Religious affiliation deters drug use – Deterrents not universal
• Stress of acculturation places them at risk • Intravenous drug users or gang members attend
church– Church attendance does not affect drug use– More drug using church friends
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• African Americans− Higher social connectedness− Higher spiritual support − Frequent practice of one’s religion or faith lead to
greater abstinence• 76.2% v. 38.7% • 5x’s more like to be abstinent 3 months later
− Finding a purpose and meaning in life was higher
Stewarta,Koeskeb, and Pringlec, (2005)
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Living a healthy lifestyle of recovery means a balance in all aspects of life - mentally, physically and spiritually…
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Unbalanced Lifestyle
When life is unbalanced the path to recovery is difficult with many struggles and more challenges. It often feels like an uphill battle.
Health:Physical
Mental
Spiritual
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There are still dips in the road but life is balanced. Obstacles are easier to overcome when the proper maintenance and care.
Health:Physical
Mental
Spiritual
Balanced Lifestyle
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SpiritualityGives
Hope