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1© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv6 ProspectsTERENA – Rhodes – June 9th, 2004
Patrick Grossetete
Cisco IOS IPv6 Product Manager
Cisco Systems
222© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Building the “IPv6 House”Building the “IPv6 House”
• IPv6 ProspectsInnovation and new Business Models
333© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
The End-User Perspective• The network capability to provide
the desired services • It’s all about the applications, and
their servicesDon’t care about IPv6!!!
The End-User Perspective• The network capability to provide
the desired services • It’s all about the applications, and
their servicesDon’t care about IPv6!!!
What is IPv6? Basic Perspectives
The Network Manager Perspective• Stability of a given technology,
implementations and benefits• Cost of deployment and operation
Care but…has to get confident
444© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Building the “IPv6 House”
1994199419941994 1991995-19985-19981991995-19985-1998 2001-20042001-20042001-20042001-2004
IESG IPng WG creation
IESG IPng WG creation
IETF IPv6 WG Core Specs
IETF IPv6 WG Core Specs
More IETF specs (Mobile IPv6, DHCPv6 PD,
Flow Label…), Applications
port
More IETF specs (Mobile IPv6, DHCPv6 PD,
Flow Label…), Applications
port
2002004-20084-20082002004-20084-2008
Commercial Products &
Infrastructures (6NET, GEANT,…)
Commercial Products &
Infrastructures (6NET, GEANT,…)
Today, Core IPv6 specifications are IETF Draft Standards
well-tested & stable, enabling a move to “full production”
555© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Networking Trends
Simplicity of Ethernet
Capacity of an Optical Network
Security and Privacy of a
Network
Ubiquity of the Internet
Next GenerationNetworks
IPv6 Ready
• Mobility through a Wireless Network
Content Richness of Television
666© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Broadband Home – A necessity for IPv6 !
Wireless LaptopWireless Laptop• Distance learning• Video calls• MP3 downloads
PDAPDA
IP PhoneIP Phone
PrinterPrinter
Wireless GamingWireless Gaming
Broadband Internet AccessBroadband Internet Access
Wired PCWired PC• Streaming Video• Print/file sharing
Broadband Access PointBroadband Access Point
• Multiplayer gaming• Video on demand• Home security• Digital audio
Home NetworkingHome Networking• At the heart of the digital home sits the Broadband access point distributing
a host of enhanced content and services throughout the home• Internet access• Multiple voice lines• Wireless printing• Wireless IP Phone
Tivo ServicesTivo Services• Commercial download• TV guide
777© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mobile Wireless Networking – an IPv6 Must
WiFi
HotSpots
MobileMobileOperatorOperator
GPRS, 3G, 4GGPRS, 3G, 4G
Broadband ISP
WiFi at Home
Enterprise’s
• Mobile Wireless Networking challenges Manage the growth of subscribers
CY04, 1.5B Mobile Phone’s users
Address this large number of “Always-reachable” devices
Support a Multimedia environment
The IPv6 Benefits
• Unlicensed Band (WiFi,…)Personal mobilityhigh data rate incremental infrastructure
• Licensed Band (GPRS, 3G,…)
Full mobilityModest data rateNew infrastructure
The UbiquitousInternet
888© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv6 Integration – Per Application Model
• As soon as the infrastructure is IPv6 capable…IPv6 integration can follow a non-disruptive “per application” model
Today, all O.S.
are Dual-Stack
New Generation of Internet Appliances
Call for Applications – protocol agnostic
999© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Some non-Technical Challenges
• The Internet is “highly decentralized” – Regional modes of adoption
IPv6 impacts the overall infrastructure
Must avoid an Internet balkanization
Status Quo (no change) versus Co-Existence (Niche) versus Full Integration
• Education
Next generation’s graduates are key for IPv6 deployment
• Social impacts of this new Internet environment
Privacy, Usage,…
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Not related to IPv6 but may be highlighted by usage
101010© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Building the “IPv6 House”
• IPv6 ProspectsIPv6 ProspectsInnovation and new Business ModelsInnovation and new Business Models
111111© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Business Model – Basic Perspectives
• A need for different address allocation and charging model
IPv6 prefix (/48 to /64) versus a single dynamic or static IPv4 address
Provisioning for always-on technologies does not really allow over-subscription
• ISP added values need to shift to End-Points and associated services
Ie: NTT-Comms m2m-x
www.ipv6style.jp/en/apps/20040224/index.shtml
121212© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Traffic Evolution
• Applications – Server/Client, P2P, GRID – generate different traffic patterns than Client/Server
SymmetricalSymmetrical – as much upstream as downstream traffic (users become servers)
Very long sessionsVery long sessions – Always-on devices may be left unattended. Streaming applications can run for a long period of time. Often 24/7.
Sustained high bandwidthSustained high bandwidth – many devices can now use all bandwidth available. Multiple video sessions require high bandwidth capacity
Non-localNon-local – Traffic travels globally, and between ISP networks, hence putting load on the peering points (est. 60% of traffic) and expensive long haul links.
131313© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Some Technical Challenges
• Multi-HomingFrom IETF Multi6 WG charter
The multihoming approaches currently used in IPv4 can of coursebe used in IPv6, but IPv6 represents an opportunity for more scalableapproaches.
• SecurityThough IPsec is mandatory in IPv6, Security is a much broader topic than just IPsec as same issues remain from IPv4:
Configuration complexity, Key management…
Centralized (Firewall) – Distributed (IPsec on hosts) co-existence
• Dual Stack Network ManagementMIB’s dependencies - www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-v6ops-ipv4survey-ops-05.txt
Network Management Applications – provisioning, monitoring, billing,…
Plug & Play/Renumbering on large scale Internet population
An opportunity for ResearchAn opportunity for Research
141414© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv6 Enables New Eco-Systems
Supplier’s
Telephony• Wireless (Wi-Fi, GSM, GPRS)• Inexpensive (VoIP)
Gaming• Online• Network
Video• Subscription• On Demand
Music• Subscription• Per Download
NAS Storage• Music• Movies• Games• Documents
Broadband Gateway• Simple Install• Intuitive to Use• Pay Per Service• Remote Troubleshoot
Data• Always On• Secure
Utilities• Monitoring• Reporting
Parental Controls• Across all Clients• Web, Email, Chat, Time• Multiple Access Levels
Home Monitoring& Security• Motion• Remote
The Fridge’s Case Study
151515© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Expanding the Market Place
Internet CafeInternet Cafe
Shop, MuseumShop, Museum
Cafeteria/Meeting Rm.Cafeteria/Meeting Rm.
Digital TheaterDigital Theater
Hot SpotHot Spot
Photo ServicePhoto Service
Digital StudioDigital Studio
161616© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Networks in Motion
GPS
Telematics:Industry related to using
computers in concert with telecommunications systems. This includes Internet access, as well as all types of networks that rely on a telecommunications system
to transport data. “Telematics to Become $8 Billion
Industry by 2005, According to New Study from Allied
Business Intelligence”http://www.telematicsupdate.com
Server
HA
Toll or Gaz
Station’s
Internet
GPRS or 3G Network
171717© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
A need for IPv6 Ez-CUG
• IPv6 global addressing does not necessarily means Universal Reachability for all devices
• IPv6 Easy Closed User Groups should enable Customers/suppliers, families/friends or communities of interest to share the network infrastructure to dedicate their devices/apps access
–Plug & Play and Secure
–Intuitive to deploy and use for mass-market
Home C
ISP
ISP
Internet ISP
Home A
Supplier A
Supplier BSupplier C
Home B
181818© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Case Study – IPv6 in Schools (1)
• School’s business is EducationEducation
Read, Write, Maths, Foreign Languages as foundations to Knowledge
The above are minimum end-users requirements to access the Internet
Analytic mind is key to value the data retrieved from the Internet
• Schools are part of the Information Society
Today, more and more schools get an Internet connection – a Must
Lease lines, Broadband Access,…
Linked to NRN or local government
• Today, Applications and Services
Client-Server: e-mails, web browsing
Servers generally hosted externally
Most of the time using PAT (a single global IPv4 address)
191919© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Case Study – IPv6 in Schools (2)
• Developing new Class of Applications and ServicesClass to Class collaboration – internal to the school, between schools (national & international)
Sharing Database, creating server’s,…
Teachers-Students collaboration
“After-time” support, digital pupil desk, foreign languages class,…
Content delivery between schools or Information Providers – Multimedia streaming
IP Telephony between schools
Tele-surveillance – Physical security
Secure Information – Transfer between schools-academy, teachers-school
• Integrating those services over IPv6IPv6 could easily be configured on (Cisco) routers connecting the schools
NRN or Local Government can delegate production IPv6 prefixes to the schools.
• It can be done TodayIPv4 applications must not get disturbed
Keep IPv4 as it is, even using PAT
202020© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
School’s Case Study – configuration
WAN Interface
Ethernet
IPv6 Host
Cisco IOS RoutersCisco 830 series IOS
12.3(4)XGCisco 1700 series IOS
12.3(7)TPotential IPv6 Services
MulticastFirewallQoS
School LAN
InternetIPv6 reachable prefixes
2002::/16, 2001::/16 & 3FFE::/16
router# conf termrouter#(config)ipv6 unicast-routingrouter#(config)ipv6 cefrouter#(config)interface ethernet0router#(config-if) ipv6 address 2001:420:2301:1::/64 eui-64router#(config) interface serial0router#(config-if) ipv6 address 2001:420:2301:2::/64 eui-64router#(config) ipv6 route ::/0 interface serial0
Note: IPv6 configuration only
212121© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv6 – A Key Driver for the e-EconomyO.S. & Applications
e-Nations
The Ubiquitous Internet
Higher Ed./Research
Manufacturing
Government(Federal/Public Sector)
TransportationAgriculture/Wildlife
Medical
Consumer& Services
Mobile Networking
Services on the edge of the Network
Restoring an environment for Innovation
222222© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Presentation_ID
232323© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
More Information
• CCO IPv6 - http://www.cisco.com/ipv6
• The ABC of IPv6
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ios_abcs_ios_the_abcs_ip_version_6_listing.html
• IPv6 Application Notes
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/ipv6/ipv6_techdoc.shtml
• Cisco IOS IPv6 manuals
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios123/123cgcr/ipv6_vcg.htm
242424© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet around the worldhttp://www.nav6tf.org/RIR_eNations/RIR_eNations.html
Nation (Internet code)
Population (2003)
Internet users (2002)
% Internet Penetration Rate
Global IPv4 address assigned
per country
Current /8
equivalent
addresses needed to reach 20% H-ratio of
85%
Number of IPv4 /8
required for 20% H-ratio of 85%
209 countries
Worldwide6,321,688,31
1 613,040,319 9.70%2,455,834,13
5 1476,229,490,1
97 372.3372.3
Specified use (IANA) 605,093,888 36.070
China (.cn)1,304,196,00
0 56,600,000 4.34% 44,007,936 2.6301,761,501,8
91 105.00105.00
India (.in)1,065,462,00
0 7,000,000 0.66% 2,804,480 0.1701,699,132,0
89 101.28101.28
Indonesia (.id) 219,883,000 4,400,000 2.00% 1,141,504 0.070 261,377,868 15.5815.58
Brazil (.br) 178,470,000 13,980,000 7.83% 1,199,160 0.080 202,594,158 12.0812.08
Pakistan (.pk) 153,578,000 1,200,000 0.78% 254,464 0.020 175,020,149 10.4410.44
Bangladesh (.bd) 146,736,000 150,000 0.10% 128,000 0.010 166,655,664 9.949.94
Nigeria (.ng) 124,009,000 100,000 0.08% 114,688 0.010 136,679,929 8.158.15
Russia (.ru) 143,246,000 18,000,000 12.57% 7,638,944 0.460 113,059,221 6.746.74
Vietnam (.vn) 81,377,000 400,000 0.49% 159,232 0.010 82,758,458 4.944.94
Philippines (.ph) 79,999,000 4,500,000 5.63% 765,696 0.050 77,455,760 4.624.62
Mexico (.mx) 103,457,000 3,500,000 3.38% 6,311,936 0.380 72,369,345 4.324.32
Ethiopa (.et) 70,678,000 20,000 0.03% 16,384 0.010 70,830,896 4.234.23
Egypt (.eg) 71,931,000 600,000 0.83% 853,504 0.060 67,382,138 4.024.02
Iran (.ir) 68,920,000 420,000 0.61% 581,888 0.040 65,449,815 3.913.91
Turkey (.tr) 71,325,000 2,500,000 3.51% 2,429,696 0.150 57,553,061 3.443.44