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Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 1 / 25
Frameworks, Implementation & Frameworks, Implementation & Open Problems for the Collaborative Open Problems for the Collaborative
Building of a Multilingual Lexical Building of a Multilingual Lexical DatabaseDatabase
Mathieu Mangeot & Gilles SérassetNII, Tokyo,
Japan
GETA-CLIPS, Grenoble, France
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 2 / 25
OutlineOutline Presentation of Papillon Project Macrostructure of the Dictionary Microstructure of the Entries Bootstrapping & Contribution Process
Limbo, Purgatory & Paradise Bootstrapping with Conceptual Vectors Contributions & Validation Process
Lexico-Semantical Network Monolingual with Lexical Functions Multilingual with Axies (Interlingual Links)
Conclusion & References
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 3 / 25
MotivationsMotivations Initial Goal
Build a French-Japanese electronic dictionary for humans
Very Few Existing Resources French-Japanese, Free, Electronic
Construction Costs Too High EDR English-Japanese Dictionary 1200 human-year; 300 000 entries; price: 14,3 Mo ¥
On Going Collaborative Construction Projects Edict Japanese->English, SAIKAM Japanese-Thai
Lack of Information Numerical Specifiers, kanji+kana+romaji
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 4 / 25
Extended GoalsExtended Goals
Build a More Complete Dictionary Multilingual (English, French, German, Japanese, Lao ,
Malay, Thai, Vietnamese)
Multiusers (beginners, experts, applications)
Community Development LINUX Construction Paradigm
Voluntary Contributors
Mutualization of the Resources
User Preferences & Profiles
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 5 / 25
OutlineOutline
Presentation of Papillon Project Macrostructure of the Dictionary Microstructure of the Entries Bootstrapping & Contribution Process
Limbo, Purgatory & Paradise Bootstrapping with Conceptual Vectors Contributions & Validation Process
Lexico-Semantical Network Monolingual with Lexical Functions Multilingual with Axies (Interlingual Links)
Conclusion & References
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 6 / 25
Bilingual DictionariesBilingual Dictionaries
French
English
ThaiJapanese
Malay
Vietnamese
Lao
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 7 / 25
Pivot DictionaryPivot Dictionary
French
English
ThaiJapanese
Malay
Vietnamese
Lao
Int
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 8 / 25
Detailed Pivot StructureDetailed Pivot StructureFrench DiCo
Vocable affection n.f.
lexie affection.1 (tendresse)
lexie affection.2 (médecine)
Interlingual Links (Axies)
lexie maladie
Vocable maladie n.f.
Refinement Links
English DiCo
Vocable disease N
lexie disease
lexie affection
Vocable affection N
病気 byouki【びょうき】
Japanese DiCo
Ref: Work done by Gilles Sérasset
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 9 / 25
OutlineOutline Presentation of Papillon Project Macrostructure of the Dictionary Microstructure of the Entries Bootstrapping & Contribution Process
Limbo, Purgatory & Paradise Bootstrapping with Conceptual Vectors Contributions & Validation Process
Lexico-Semantical Network Monolingual with Lexical Functions Multilingual with Axies (Interlingual Links)
Conclusion & References
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 10 / 25
Combinatorial LexicographyCombinatorial Lexicography
From Meaning-Text Theory
Alain Polguère & Igor Mel’tchuk (U. de Montréal)
Gives the necessary information to go from an
idea (the meaning) to its realisation in a given
language (the text).
Existing Dictionaries: DEC, DiCo database & LAF
Same Structure for Every Language
56 Basic Lexical Functions
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 11 / 25
French Lexie (DiCo Entry)French Lexie (DiCo Entry) Name of the Lexical Unit: MEURTRE Grammatical Properties: nom, masc Semantical Formula: action de tuer: ~ PAR L'individu X DE
L'individu Y Government Pattern: X =I = de N, A-poss Y= II = de N, A-poss Lexical Functions:
{QSyn} assassinat,homicide#1;crime /*Quasi synonyms*/ {Oper1} accomplir, commettre, perpétrer [ART ~];
tremper [dans ART ~] /*Causes that X does a M.*/ {S1} auteur [de ART Ø]//meurtrier-n /*Name for X*/ {S2} victime [de ART Ø] /*Name for Y*/
Example: La mésentente pourrait être le mobile du meurtre. Idioms:
_appel au meurtre_ _crier au meurtre_
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 12 / 25
Japanese LexieJapanese Lexie Name of the Lexical Unit: 殺人 【さつじん】 Reading: satsujin Grammatical Properties: 名詞 【めいし】 Semantical Formula: どうさ : 人 Y の 人 X の ~ Government Pattern: X = I = N, Y = II = N の Lexical Functions:
{QSyn} 殺戮【さつりく】 , 殺害【さつがい】 /*Quasi synonyms*/ {Oper1} [~ を ] する; [~ を ] 犯す /*Causes that X does a M.*/ {S1} 殺人者 【さつじんしゃ】 , 殺人鬼 【さつじんき】 /*Name for
X*/ {S2} 被害者【ひがいしゃ】 /*Name for Y*/
Example: 喧嘩【けんか】は殺人【さつじん】の動機【どうき】になり得【え】るだろう。
Idioms: _ 殺人剣 【さつじんけん】 _ _ 嘱託殺人 【しくたくさつじん】 _
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 13 / 25
Interlingual Links (Axies)Interlingual Links (Axies)
Links to other Axies Synonyms, Refinement, Generalizations
Motivated by existing translation links. Not like concepts
Links to External References To be independent from any existing theory Wordnet synsets, NTT Semantic category, ONTOS or LexiGuide ontologies, UNL Uws & Graphs etc.
Linking Monolingual Lexies
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 14 / 25
Structure of an AxieStructure of an Axie Unique ID: a000023 Semantic Tag (entity, process, state, result): process Links to lexies: fra: meurtre.1 eng: murder.1 jpn: satsujin.1 Links to other axies
synonym axies: a000024 (assassination) generic axies: a00002 refined axies: a000025
References to External Resources: WordNet Synset: 00143589 unlawful premeditated killing of a human being
UNL UW: murder(icl>action,agt>human,obj>human) NTT Semantic Category ONTOS Concept LexiGuide concept
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 15 / 25
OutlineOutline
Presentation of Papillon Project Macrostructure of the Dictionary Microstructure of the Entries Bootstrapping & Contribution Process
Limbo, Purgatory & Paradise Bootstrapping with Conceptual Vectors Contributions & Validation Process
Lexico-Semantical Network Monolingual with Lexical Functions Multilingual with Axies (Interlingual Links)
Conclusion & References
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 16 / 25
Preparation of the Existing DataPreparation of the Existing Data
Local Resources
Export
Recuperation
DicDist
DicOrig
DicGen
Contrib1
Contrib2
EDR
FeM
JMDict
SAIKAM
DiCo
Contrib3ELRA
LimboOriginal Format
PurgatoryXML Format
ParadisePapillon Format
Import
Integration
Inte
grat
ion
Spap
Consultation
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 17 / 25
Introduction to Conceptual VectorsIntroduction to Conceptual Vectors
An idea = a concept = a conceptual vector The vector space is of K dimensions
K = nb of concepts in a thesaurus hierarchy Eg: for French, Thesaurus Larousse = 873
concepts One independent vector space for each language
Distance between 2 vectors = angular distance DA(x, y) = acos(sim(x,y)) DA(x, y) = acos(x.y/|x||y|))
Ref: Work done by Mathieu Lafourcade http://www.lirmm.fr/~lafourca/
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 18 / 25
demand
English Vectorized monolingual dictionary
English-FrenchBilingual dictionary
v
v
v
v
Left over meaning
Association
demand.3 vdef
demand.2 vdef
demand.1 vdefdemand.1equivalents
demand
Slide from Mathieu Lafourcade
Vector space for English
demand.2equivalents
demand.3equivalents
demand.4equivalents
Linking Word Senses with VectorsLinking Word Senses with Vectors
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 19 / 25
Contributions & ValidationContributions & Validation
Papillon Server ParadisePapillon Format
Spap
VoluntaryContributors
Contributions
UserSpace
UserSpace
PayedSpecialists
ValidationIntegration
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 20 / 25
OutlineOutline Presentation of Papillon Project Macrostructure of the Dictionary Microstructure of the Entries Bootstrapping & Contribution Process
Limbo, Purgatory & Paradise Bootstrapping with Conceptual Vectors Contributions & Validation Process
Lexico-Semantical Network Monolingual with Lexical Functions Multilingual with Axies (Interlingual Links)
Conclusion & References
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 21 / 25
Lexico SemanticalLexico SemanticalMultilingual Network (1)Multilingual Network (1)
DiCo French
Assassinat
Meurtre
Assassination
Murder
_Lancer un appel au meurtre_
_To call for sb's assassination_
{Qsyn}{Qsyn}
{Qsyn} ?
DiCo EnglishInterlingual Links
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 22 / 25
Lexico SemanticalLexico SemanticalMultilingual Network (2)Multilingual Network (2)
DiCo French
Meurtrier
Meurtre
殺人者【さつじんしゃ】
殺人 【さつじん】
{S0} {S0}
{S0} ?
DiCo JapaneseInterlingual Links
Satsujin (Murder)
Satsujinsha (Murderer)
_Lancer un appel au meurtre_
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 23 / 25
OutlineOutline Presentation of Papillon Project Macrostructure of the Dictionary Microstructure of the Entries Bootstrapping & Contribution Process
Limbo, Purgatory & Paradise Bootstrapping with Conceptual Vectors Contributions & Validation Process
Lexico-Semantical Network Monolingual with Lexical Functions Multilingual with Axies (Interlingual Links)
Conclusion & References
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 24 / 25
ConclusionConclusion
Framework for Experimenting Networks
Research Issues Remaining Social issues: how to motivate people? Contribution Interfaces Checking Interfaces
The Project Cannot Succeed without the Help of the Public People (Voluntary Contributors)
Sat. 31 Aug. 2002 SEMANET Workshop 25 / 25
References & ContactsReferences & Contacts
Web Site (information & consultation)
http://www.papillon-dictionary.org
Steering Committee President
Gilles Sérasset [email protected]
Technical Responsible in Japan
Mathieu Mangeot [email protected]