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International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064
ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426
Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
ATmega328P & NodeMCU-ESP8266 Based Real-
Time Power Monitoring Device
Arnab Jyoti Mandal1, Subhojit Paul
2, Bhaskar Saha
3, Saif Ali Molla
4, Koushik Mondal
5
1, 3, 4, 5Electrical Engineering, UEM-Kolkata, Kolkata, India
2Department of Electrical Engineering, UEM-Kolkata, Kolkata, India
Abstract: In our daily life we humans have upgraded in such a way that we have became slaves of electricity. Electricity is one of the
fundamental necessities of human beings, which is commonly used for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. Without the use
of electricity we will become immobile. Keeping that in mind we are making this project on a measuring device which will measure all
the possible electric parameters of any appliance and send the particular data on a cloud through a Wi-Fi Module which eventually
makes it an IOT based system. Through this system we are able get a visual representation of the data which makes it easier to detect
any kind of problem in the appliance. We are using PZEM-004T as our main measuring unit of our system and NodeMCU-ESP8266 as
our IOT unit of our system.
Keywords: Wi-Fi Module, IOT, PZEM-004T, NodeMCU-ESP8266
1. Introduction
In our domestic life the meter we used was single phase
induction type energy meter[7]. It had an analog dial to
calculate the unit but it had a huge drawback of mechanical
hacking using a magnet on the back of the meter dial. In
order to overcome this drawback the provider companies
came up with digital meters where it was impossible to hack
by the consumers. But the thing is that the meters provided
by the providers cannot measure the parameters other than
unit. So we have come up with a system which can give all
the possible parameters of an electrical system including the
power factor and unit. Our system can measure voltage,
current, power, energy, power factor and unit. One can
always use a voltmeter to calculate voltage, ammeter to
calculate current and watt meter to calculate power but one
can never measure all of these parameters with a single
device. With our compact system one can do all the above
calculations with ease. Our system can measure the
parameters of a single appliance at a time which is not
possible for a domestic purpose digital meter which can only
provide the calculations for all the appliances working
together.
In the conventional unit measurement systems the readings
that are shown is on the screen of the device but in our
measuring system we have tried to upload all the parameters
to a cloud using a Wi-Fi module[1]. Basically we have used
ThingSpeak website as our main upload platform where all
the values represented in a graph[16]. In our domestic life
the meter we used was single phase induction type energy
meter. It had an analog dial to calculate the unit but it had a
huge drawback of mechanical hacking using a magnet on the
back of the meter dial. In order to overcome this drawback
the provider companies came up with digital meters where it
was impossible to hack by the consumers. But the thing is
that the meters provided by the providers cannot measure the
parameters other than unit[15]. So we have come up with a
system which can give all the possible parameters of an
electrical system including the power factor and unit. Our
system can measure voltage, current, power, energy, power
factor and unit. One can always use a voltmeter to calculate
voltage, ammeter to calculate current and watt meter to
calculate power but one can never measure all of these
parameters with a single device. With our compact system
one can do all the above calculations with ease. Our system
can measure the parameters of a single appliance at a time
which is not possible for a domestic purpose digital meter
which can only provide the calculations for all the appliances
working together.
In the conventional unit measurement systems the readings
that are shown is on the screen of the device but in our
measuring system we have tried to upload all the parameters
to a cloud using a Wi-Fi module[13]. Basically we have used
ThingSpeak website as our main upload platform where all
the values represented in a graph[18].
2. Hardware Required
2.1 PZEM-004T
In this project PZEM-004T is the main measuring unit.The
main part of the PZEM-004T module is the SD3004 chip
from the SDIC Microelectronics Co., Ltd. In addition, the
board having the EEPROM from Atmel(now microchip)
24C02C which is a 2K bit Serial Electrically Erasable
PROM with a voltage range of 4.5V to 5.5V with More than
1 Million Erase/Write Cycles and 200+ Years Data
Retention. Two optocouplers PC817, providing galvanic
isolation of the serial interface.
Working Voltage 80 ~ 260VAC
Supply Voltage 5VDC
Current 0 – 100 A
Paper ID: ART20197516 10.21275/ART20197516 78
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064
ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426
Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Rated Power 22kW
Operating Frequency 45-65Hz
Measurement Accuracy 1.0 grade
2.2 NodeMCU
NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It includes
firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from
Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-
12 module. The term "NodeMCU" by default refers to the
firmware rather than the development kits. The firmware
uses the Lua scripting language. It is based on the eLua
project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS SDK for
ESP8266. It uses many open source projects, such as lua-
cjson and SPIFFS.
Power Input 4.5V ~ 9V (10VMAX), USB Powered
Current 70mA (200mA)
Transfer Rate 110-460800bps
Digital I/O 9 (D0-D8)
Analog I/O 1(A0)
Working Temperature -40◦C ~ +125◦C
Drive Type Dual high power H-bridge
Flash Size 4MByte
CPU ESP8266(LX106)
Operating System XTOS
2.3 Arduino UNO
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company,
project and user community that designs and manufactures
single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense
and control both physically and digitally[12].
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and
controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and
analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other
circuits.
Microcontroller ATMEGA 328
Operating Voltage 5V DC
Input Voltage 7-12V(RECOMMND.)
Input Voltage 6-20V(LIMITS)
Digital I/O 14(6 PIN PWM)
Analog I/O 6
Current Per I/O Pin 40mA
Current For 3.3V Pin 50mA
Flash Memory 32KB
SRAM 2KB
EEPROM 1KB
Clock Speed 16MHz
2.4 Load
In our project we are using two kind of light sources one of
which is a CFL Lamp and the other is an Incandescent Bulb
in order to get different output values.
CFL (compact fluorescent lamp)
Incandescent lamp
3. Block Diagram
Figure 1: Block Diagram of the System
4. Website Required
We are using ThingSpeak Website as cloud. ThingSpeak is
an IoT analytics platform service that allows you to
aggregate, visualize and analyze live data streams in the
cloud. ThingSpeak provides instant visualizations of data
posted by your devices to ThingSpeak[3]. With the ability to
execute MATLAB code in ThingSpeak you can perform
online analysis and processing of the data as it comes in.
ThingSpeak is often used for prototyping and proof of
concept IoT systems that require analytics.
5. Methodology
First we are providing power to the Arduino Board using a
power bank. We are also giving power to the NodeMCU
from the same power bank through a different data cable.
The PZEM module we are using is a very sophisticated
module which does not work if the supply voltage is
anything other than 5 Volt so we are using the Arduino board
to provide a constant 5 Volt supply.
We are giving supply to the load which in our case is a light
source from a normal 230 volt AC supply through a C. T. of
the PZEM module.
When the system starts, the NodeMCU tries to connect to the
mentioned Wi-Fi network. If it gets successfully connected
to the Wi-Fi, it sends a request to the PZEM to provide it
with the required data. The PZEM accepts the request and
replies it with the data and in this way the communication is
done.
After getting the values from the PZEM, the NodeMCU
uploads the data in a platform which in our case is
ThingSpeak website.
6. Working Flowchart
Paper ID: ART20197516 10.21275/ART20197516 79
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064
ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426
Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Figure 2: Flow Chart
7. Circuit Diagram
Figure 3: Circuit Diagram
8. Calculation
PZEM Module calculates the voltage, power and current on
its own.
VOLTAGE = V
CURRENT = I
POWER = P
TIME = T [In Millisecond]
P = VICOSФ
POWER FACTOR Calculation:
PF = POWER/(VOLTAGE*CURRENT)
PF = VICOSФ
V I
UNIT Calculation:
UNIT=POWER*TIME/(1000*3600000) KWHr
UNIT= PT
1000 * 3600000
9. Result
L1 (CFL) Observation Table: Trial Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (W) Power Factor
1 236.4 0.06 14 0.98
2 233 0.07 16 0.98
3 232.8 0.07 15 0.92
4 240 0.07 15 0.89
L2 (Incandescent Lamp) Observation Table: Trial Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (W) Power Factor
1 232.3 0.11 24 0.93
2 234.7 0.11 25 0.96
3 245.5 0.11 27 0.99
4 232.7 0.11 25 0.97
10. Graphs
Figure 4.1: CFL Voltage
Figure 4.2: Incandescent Lamp Voltage
Figure 4.3: Incandescent Lamp Current
Paper ID: ART20197516 10.21275/ART20197516 80
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064
ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426
Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Figure 4.4: CFL Current
Figure 4.5: CFL Power
Figure 4.6: Incandescent Lamp Power
Figure 4.7: CFL Power Factor
Figure 4.8: Incandescent Lamp Power Factor
Figure 4.9: Unit Consumed
11. Drawbacks
The NodeMCU should be always connected to the
mentioned Wi-Fi and a continuous uninterrupted internet
connection is required to get accurate reading on the
ThingSpeak platform.
If we connect the PZEM Module with more than one
appliance then it will only send the data of the appliance of
higher rating and the lower rating data will be suppressed.
While calculating the unit, if we keep it in Kilo Watt Hour
format then it becomes impossible for the NodeMCU to
calculate the unit as it comes in more than two decimal
places so we have to keep the unit in Watt Millisecond
format.
We can get value from Kilo Watt Hour format if we can
keep the system ON for an hour or more.
12. Conclusion
By completing this project we are able to successfully
calculate the voltage, current, power and unit. The PZEM
Module can calculate all the parameters by itself. For this no
extra programming is required. Moreover it also calculates
the RMS values rather than the instantaneous values.
At first while taking readings from PZEM the values were
not showing instead of which it was giving -1 as output but
we solved this problem after checking the connections
multiple times. The NodeMCU makes it easy to transfer the
received data of PZEM to an IOT Based platform which in
our case is ThingSpeak. It is website which has free access to
all and it is very easy to set up the required settings in
ThingSpeak.
Paper ID: ART20197516 10.21275/ART20197516 81
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064
ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426
Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019
www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
13. Future Scopes
As of now we are sending the data to a website but in
future we can upgrade it in such a way that we will be able
to send it to any application which is more convenient to
use.
In future we can upgrade it so that if there is any abnormal
readings then it can send a warning message through
internet connection
We can further add a GSM Module through which we can
send warning message through SMS even if there occurs
any kind of interference with the internet connectivity.
We are trying to make it a market product which will be
able to provide the data regardless of being offline or
online.
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Paper ID: ART20197516 10.21275/ART20197516 82