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1-3 Classifying OrganismsPages 28-37
Classification and Taxonomy
Classification-– Process of grouping things based on similarities– Biologists put them into groups so they are easier
to identify and study
Taxonomy-– Study of how organisms are classified
Early Classification Systems
Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC)-–1st to classify–Divided animals into 3 categories:
1. Fly2. Swim3. Walk/run/crawl
Early Classification Systems
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)-• Father of modern taxonomy and ecology• Looked at body structures, body systems, and
how they got their food• Devised a naming system for organisms (still
used today)– Binomial Nomenclature (next slide)
Binomial Nomenclature
• Each organism is given a 2-part name (Genus, species)– Genus: (always CAPITALIZED)
• 1st part of name groups with similar, closely related organisms
• Example: (pumas, ocelots, house cats) Genus= Felis
– species: (ALWAYS lowercase)• 2nd part of name with similar organisms that can mate
and produce fertile offspring. Very Specific (only pumas)
• Similar to our 1st and last name (always Latin)
7 Levels of Classification
• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species
• King, Phil, Comes, Over, For, Good, Spaghetti
7 Levels of Classification
• Not based on where they live• Based on Shared Characteristics• King, Phil, Comes, Over, For, Good, Spaghetti• Goes from Broadest (biggest) more specific• Classifying an owl Figure 12 page 33**Show classifications on OH
Evolution and Classification
• Charles Darwin- wrote theory about how species change over time
• Has had a major impact on how species are classified
Evolution- The process by which organisms change gradually over time.
Classification Today
• Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together
• This is done by:1. Studying Fossils2. Comparing Body Structures of living organisms
(Fig. 14 pg. 35)3. Comparing Early development4. Examining chemical makeup (Figure 15 pg. 36)
skunks and weasels
Using the Classification System
• May be used for camping. (spiders, snakes, scorpions)
Field Guide- Books with illustrations (pictures) that highlight differences.
Taxonomic Key- Series of paired statement that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms (Dichotomous Key)