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Advancing a Low Carbon and Sustainable Water Economy

Water in a World of 7 Billion

Session 4: Getting at the Water-Energy Nexus

May 8-12, 2012

Eddy Isaacs, CEOAlberta Innovates - Energy & Environment Solutions (AI-EES)

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AI-EES Strategic Priorities

Energy Technologies

Environmental Management

Renewable & Emerging Resources

STRATEGIC AREAS PROGRAMS

Water Resources

•HC Recovery & Processing•Clean Carbon & Coal •Unconventional Gas

•Renewable Energy•Alternative Fuels

•Carbon Capture & Storage • Oil Sands Tailings• Enhanced Ecology

•Water Security - Risk and Safety•Watershed & Ecosystem•Efficiency of Water Use

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• Regional water quantity & quality issues in the oil sands region

• Development of standards for return of water to the environment

• Wetlands as a feature of reclamation activities• Regional water management & sharing opportunities• Alternate uses of produced water, integration with

new economic opportunities• Water use & opportunities related to renewable

energy & emerging fuels

Cross-Cutting Water Initiatives in AI-EES ...

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Energy and Water Nexus in the Alberta Context• Water for Energy

How much water consumption is for electricity? How much water consumption is for fuels? What reductions are possible?

• Energy for Water How much energy consumption is for water treatment? What reductions are possible?

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Water Consumption for Electricity

Plant Type Cooling Process

Water Consumption,

gal/MWhNatural Gas – Steam Turbine

Open-loop 100 - 250

Closed-loop 160 - 690

Coal/ biomass – Steam Turbine

Open-loop 200 - 300

Closed-loop 300 - 480

NuclearOpen-loop 140- 400

Closed-loop 590 - 850

Concentrated Solar Thermal Closed-loop 740 - 890

Wind 0

Sources: EPRI, USDOE and Argonne National Lab

Open-loop

Closed-loop

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What about Carbon Capture• 40 – 80% increase in water consumption• Example, high rank coals

Source: USDOE/NETL Report, “Cost & Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants, May 2007”

0

40

80

120

Leve

lized

Cos

t of

Elec

tric

ity (m

ills/

kWh)

IGCC NGCC PC-Sub PC-Super

No Capture

IGCC NGCC PC-Sub PC-Super

No Capture With Capture

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Water Consumption for Fuel

Fuel or FeedstockNet Fresh Water

Consumed, gal per gal of fuel

Notes

Gasoline (US Conventional) 3.4 – 6.6 PADD II, III, and V combined

Gasoline (Saudi Conventional) 2.8 – 5.8 Dependent on age of well

Gasoline (Oil Sands) 2.6 – 6.2 Includes thermal recovery, upgrading and refining

Corn Ethanol 17 - 239 Variation caused by irrigation requirements

Switchgrass ethanol 2 – 9.8 Dependent on production technology

Source: Argonne National Lab, 2011

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Water Consumption per unit Energy and Water Use for Fuel Extraction & processing

Source: Report to Congress on the Interdependency of Energy & Water, USDOE, 2006

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Advanced Oil Sands Technologies to Decrease GHG Emissions and Water Use

Decrease Fresh water Use

Dec

reas

ing

GH

G E

mis

sion

s

SAGD, CSS

Best-in-class SAGD

Energy EfficiencySAGD, CSS

Steam-solvent

Electrical heating

Combustion

Non-aqueousExtraction

Surface Minning

Energy Efficiencyrefining, mining

Current

5 - 10 years

10 - 20 years

CCS

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Examples of Reduced Energy and Reduced Water Recovery Processes

• Solvent Processes VAPEX Thermal Solvent Processes

• Steam Solvent Processes SAP ES-SAGD LASER

Potential Versus Steam Processes

VAPEX Thermal Solvent Steam Solvent

Energy Use ~ -90% - 40 to -80% - 10 to -30%Water Use ~ -100% ~ -90% - 10 to -25%Recovery Rate - 80% -50 to +25% + 20 to +40%Increased Recovery N Y Y

Challenges: Depth, Reservoir Quality, Solvent Losses, Cost & Availability

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Future Electrical Processes

Potential Versus SAGD

Energy Use - 50% +

Water Use - 50%

Increased Recovery Rate ?

Increased Recovery ?

• Electrical Processes Transfer of electrons between wells in situ EM field development, energy transfer and

viscosity reduction Oil displacement & gravity drainage to production

well• ET-DSP• ETI/ECP (GE Tech)• Siemens• Harris

Challenges: Electricity source & cost, land disturbance, process efficiency

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Energy and Water Nexus in the Alberta Context• Water for Energy

How much water consumption is for electricity? How much water consumption is for fuels? What reductions are possible?

• Energy for Water How much energy consumption is for water treatment? What reductions are possible?

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Report – To Be Released May 16, 2012

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Impact of Increased Water Recycle on GHG Emissions

90 92 94 96 98 100

Ener

gy (G

HG

)

Produced Water Recycle Rate (%)

High TDS

Low TDS

*zero liquid discharge

AI-EES Study:• Assess impact of water recycling on

energy use, waste generation

• Find “sweet” spots between water recycling & energy

• New technology opportunities

9 companies , ADOE, AENV, ERCB

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Commercially Proven Methods to Treat Produced Water from a Thermal in-situ Production Facility

Oil/Water Separation

Reservoir OTSG BoilerEmulsion

ProducedWater

Oil

BFW<8,000 ppm TDS<50 ppm silica

organics

Lime Sludge (Silica / Hardness)Dewatering

(Centrifuges)

Steam

23% Blowdown~40,000 ppm TDS~200 ppm silica

Disposal Wells

RecycledBlowdown

SAGD Water Flow Diagram – Base Case 2 (WLS + OTSG, Efficient Design)

Make-up Water

Disposal WaterWater Retention

in Reservoir

Lime Softening/ Ion

Exchange

Dewatering Waste

Oil/Water Separation

Reservoir Evaporator OTSG BoilerEmulsion

ProducedWater

Oil

Steam

BFWEvaporator

quality water

SAGD Water Flow Diagram – Option 2A (Evaporator + OTSG)

OTSG Blowdown

18%

95%

5%

Electrical Power

Water Retentionin Reservoir

Disposal Water

Disposal Wells

DWT

Silica Waste

Chemicals

Make-up Water Produced Water Evaporation

Warm Lime Softening

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Minimize Water Use: Water Recycling

• Reduce fresh water use

• Use saline water as make-up

• Trade-off between energy and water: need new technologies

Oil/Water Separation

Reservoir Evaporator Drum BoilersEmulsion

ProducedWater

Oil

Steam

BFWEvaporator

quality water

SAGD Flow Diagram – Option 9 (Evaporator w/ ZLD on Blowdown)

Make-up Water3-5%

Blowdown

Electrical Power

ZLD

Electrical Power

Contaminated Salt/Solids to

Landfill

Disposal Water0% Losses

Water Retentionin Reservoir

Typically 5-15%

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What About Membranes?

Parameter Current Within 10 years

Power use, kWh/kgal ~ $ 10 ~$ 7

Productivity, gal/day/membrane 6,500 – 12,500 15, 000 – 25, 000

Useful life 5 – 7 years 10 – 12 years

Key Issue: Deoiling efficiency

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Positioning Alberta for the Future in Energy and EnvironmentAnnual Report 2010-2011

www.AI-EES.CA

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Technology Deployment Roadmap & Action Plan for “End-To-End” Solutions for Oil Sands Tailings

• Supports Alberta Environment Tailings Management Framework

• Industry partners: Syncrude, Suncor, Shell, CNRL, IOL, Total and Teck

• Accelerate technology deployment

• Information sharing