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1
Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Organic Compounds
Bonding in Hydrocarbons
Naming Alkanes
Properties of Alkanes
2
“The most important hypothesis in all ofbiology…is that everything that animals
do,atoms do. In other words, there is nothingthat living things do that cannot be understood from the point of view that they are made of atoms acting according to the laws of physics.”
Richard Feynman (1918-1988)
Depicting Formulas
– molecular formula C2H6
– structural formula
– condensed structural formula CH3 CH3
3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 4
Organic Compounds
Contain carbon
Have covalent bonds
Have low melting points
Have low boiling points
Burn in air (oxygen)
Are soluble in nonpolar solvents
Form large molecules
5
Alkanes
Contain C and H only
Contain single bonds C-C
Have 4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom
Are nonpolar
6
Complete Structural Formulas
Show the bonds between each of the atoms
H H
H C H H C H H H
CH4 , methane
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More Alkanes
H H Condensed Structural Formulas
H C C H CH3 CH3
H H Ethane
H H H
H C C C H CH3 CH2 CH3
H H H Propane
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IUPAC NamesName # carbons Structural Formula
Methane 1 CH4
Ethane 2 CH3CH3
Propane 3 CH3CH2CH3
Butane 4 CH3CH2CH2CH3
Pentane 5 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
IUPAC = The International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry
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IUPAC NAMES
Name # carbons Structural Formula
Hexane 6 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Heptane 7 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Octane 8 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Nonane 9 CH3 CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Decane 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
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Learning Check Alk1
A. What is the condensed formula for H H H H
H C C C C H
H H H H
B. What is its molecular formula?C. What is its name?
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Solution Alk1
A. CH3CH2CH2CH3
B. C4H10
C. butane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 12
Reactions of Alkanes
Combustion
alkane + O2 CO2 + H2O + heat
Timberlake LecturePLUS 13
Combustion In the Cell
Metabolic oxidation is combustion
C6H12 O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + heat
glucose
Timberlake LecturePLUS 14
Learning Check Alk2
Complete the combustion reaction for
C3H8 + O2 +
Balance your equation
Timberlake LecturePLUS 15
Solution Alk2
Step 1
C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Step 2
C3H8 + O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Step 3
C3H8 + 5 O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Timberlake LecturePLUS 16
Learning Check Alk3
Complete and balance the reaction for the complete combustion of C7H16
Timberlake LecturePLUS 17
Solution Alk3
Step 1
C7H16 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Step 2
C7H16 + O2 7 CO2 + 8 H2O
Step 3
C7H16 + 11 O2 7 CO2 + 8 H2O