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All Powder Board and Ski

Oracle 9i WorkbookChapter 9: Database AdministrationJerry PostCopyright © 2003

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Oracle System Tables (Synonyms): Metadata

Prefixes Synonym Description

ALL_DBA_USER_

CONSTRAINTSIND_COLSMVIEWSSEQUENCESSYNONYMSTAB_COLUMNSTABLESTRIGGER_COLSTRIGGERSTYPESUSERSVIEWS

Table constraints and keysIndexed columnsMaterialized viewsSequencesSynonymsTable columnsTablesTrigger columnsTriggersUser-defined data typesUsersViews (saved queries)

SELECT Table_Name, Pct_Free FROM USER_TABLES

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Disk Drive

Oracle Data Storage

Data Files Data Files

Disk Drive

Data Files Data Files

Tablespace

Table Data

Tablespace

Rollback segments

Redo logs

RAID drives automatically spread files across multiple drives.

Even without RAID you can manually assign table data and rollback segments to different drives.

Goal: Substantially improved performance and recovery in case of hardware failure.

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Gather Statistics

Statistics about the data within each table tell Oracle how to optimize queries. The tuning system also uses the statistics to make recommendations about indexes to improve performance.

The older command is: Analyze Table Customer compute statistics;

Oracle now recommends that you use the DBMS_STATS package instead to analyze the entire database (or schema) at one time.

Exec DBMS_STATS.Gather_Database_Stats

Or

Exec DBMS_STATS.Gather_Schema_Stats(‘powder’)

Or

Exec DBMS_STATS.Gather_Table_Stats (‘powder’, ‘Customer’)

But, you might first have to run the catproc.sql script

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Enterprise Manager Console

Diagnostics Pack

Tuning Pack

Lock ManagerPerformance TunerPerformance OverviewTop SessionsTop SQLTrace Data Viewer

Oracle ExpertOutline ManagerSQL AnalyzeTablespace Map

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Performance Overview (Monitor)

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Drill Down to Find Causes

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Oracle Expert: Tuning Session

Select all items

Comprehensive

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Tuning: Collect Statistics

You might skip the Instance checks for now

Use the schema options to select your schema

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Select Schemas

Be sure to include your schema that holds the All Powder tables

Click the button to see a list of schemas

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Expert Recommendations

Specific table index recommendations

Details on storage locations

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SQL Analyze

SELECT Lastname, Firstname, Customer.CustomerID

FROM Customer, Sale

WHERE Customer.CustomerID = Sale.CustomerID

AND Customer.CustomerID NOT IN

(SELECT CustomerID FROM Rental)

ORDER BY Lastname, Firstname;

List customers who bought items but never rented anything.

Note that the query analyzer does not support the newer INNER JOIN syntax

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Index RecommendationsGet index recommendations Virtual Index Wizard

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SQL Tuning Wizard

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Tuning Wizard Recommendation

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Original Query Costs

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Revised Query Costs

Note the correlated subquery

Note the two hash joins instead of one

Substantially lower total costs

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Backup and Recovery

You could shut down the database and copy the data files and the control file

Make sure the Oracle Management Server is installed and running. You might have to install it from the main install wizard Make sure the OracleOraHome92ManagementServer service is

running (it is set to Manual start) Use the Enterprise Manager Console to log in. The initial

username/password is: sysman/oem_temp You need Archive Log mode set to handle a running backup

Select the database/Instance/Configuration in the tree view Under the Recovery tab, check the Archive Log mode This option will generate lots of data files since all changes to the

database will be saved in these archive files Run or schedule the backup

Tools/Database Tools/Backup Management/Backup

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Backup and Recovery Manager

Channels are disk or tape locations to hold the backup copies

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Schedule Backup

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User-Level Security

Database Application

Form1 Form 2 Form 3 Form 4

User 1 User 2

Workgroup databaseUsernames and passwords

Database Administrator

login

Assign permissions

credentials

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User Groups

Sales clerksSales Managers

Sales table

Customer table

Item table

Sales clerks S,U,I S,U,I S

Sales Managers S,U,I,D S,U,I S

Rental Managers S,U,I S

Individual users

Assign permissions to groups or roles based on tasks, and assign users to groups. Permissions only have to be set once. Employee changes are handled by moving individuals into or out of groups.

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Create New Users

Internal or external authentication

For many accounts at once, use SQL

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Create New Roles

Select table object

Grant permissions

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Assign Roles to Users