1. AMENITY AND COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE Advice for ... for Planners - full... · Case studies and examples of best practice. London 2012 Olympic Athletes’ village, London . learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

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1. AMENITY AND COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTUREAdvice for planners and developers

Considerations for developers, local planning authorities and neighbourhood forums

1. What is the capacity of the neighbourhood’s existing amenities? (Including recreational open, green space and allotments, community meeting spaces, sports, leisure and cultural facilities, medical, health and wellbeing facilities, retail and banking facilities, educational facilities,pubs, cafes and restaurants.)

2. Are existing neighbourhood amenities viable and provided at an appropriate scale to satisfy demand?

3. Does the balance between publicly and commercially supported amenities adequately reflect the demographic needs of the neighbourhood?

4. Do local community groups have any specific needs for goods, services and spaces that are not currently being adequately provided for within the neighbourhood?

5. What demand is there for new or additional amenities and is it viable to provide these?

6. Is there potential to work with neighbouring planning authorities to provide amenities that would not otherwise be viable?

7. How might proposals for new amenities be used to enhance the neighbourhood built environment?

8. What impact will potential new development have on existing amenities and what potential is there to provide new amenities as part of planned mixed-use developments?

9. Does new development have the potential to enhance the long-term viability or attractiveness of existing amenities?

Planning should always seek to secure high quality design and a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants of land and buildings. NPPF, p. 5, para. 17, sub-para. 4

NPPF references:

Core Planning Principles

Section 7: Requiring Good Design (particularly paras 58, 66 & 68)

Section 8: Promoting healthy communities

Information resources, advice and tools

A Regional Sustainability Checklist for Developments www.wwf.org.uk BREEAM Communitieswww.breeam.org

Community Infrastructure Levyhttps://www.gov.uk

Financial Viability in Planning, RICS guidancewww.offlinehbpl.hbpl.co.uk

LEED for Neighbourhood Developmentwww.new.usgbc.org

National playing fields standardwww.fieldsintrust.org

Planning Policy Guidance 17: Planning for Open Space, Sport and Recreation*www.webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Potential funding for community green spaceshttps://www.gov.uk

Viability Testing Local Plans – Advice for Planning Practitioners – Local Housing Delivery Groupwww.nhbc.co.uk

Case studies and examples of best practice

London 2012 Olympic Athletes’ village, London learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

*This has now been superseded by the NPPF

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“2. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATIONAdvice for planners and developers

Local planning authorities should adopt proactive strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change, taking full account of flood risk, coastal change and water supply and demand considerations. NPPF, p. 22, para. 94


1. What are the potential impacts of climate change on the local built environment that need to be considered as part of an adaptation strategy for the local area? For example flood and coastal erosion damage and water availability and demand, the Urban Heat Island Effect and building over-heating, extreme microclimatic conditions and loss of biodiversity.

2. Where will the impacts of climate change be most pronounced? For example, flooding of critical drainage areas.

3. What local built environment and heritage assets are most vulnerable to climate change?

4. What measures are required to protect the local built environment and heritage assets from the impacts of climate change and how can these be delivered by regeneration and development plans?

5. What resources and/or expertise are available to advise local communities regarding the potential impacts of climate change and the viability of plans to adapt the existing environment to mitigate these impacts?

6. What opportunities are there to co-operate with other authorities to share resources and/or expertise?

7. What climate change scenarios need to be considered by local communities and developers to produce resilience strategies for the existing built environment and potential new developments?

8. What measures are required to ‘future proof’ the existing built environment and potential new development to ensure developers and communities adopt viable adaptation strategies?

9. How might green infrastructure be used to provide resilience to future climate change? For example, green corridors to provide shading and cooling, habitats for wildlife and outdoor recreation space.

NPPF references

Section 10: Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change (paragraph 99). Plan-making (paragraph 156).


CIBSE Guides TM36 and TM48*www.cibse.org

Environment Agency adaptation support programmewww.environment-agency.gov.uk

Environment Agency flood mapwww.environment-agency.gov.uk

Environmental Change Institutewww.ukcip-arcc.org.uk

Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) Climate change adaptation and EIA principleswww.iema.net

Planning Policy Statement: Planning and Climate Change, Supplement to PPS 1**www.gov.uk

UK Climate Change Risk Assessment for the Building Environmentwww.defra.gov.uk

UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP)www.ukcip.org.uk

UK Climate Projections (UKCP09)www.ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk

UK Heatwave Strategywww.dh.gov.uk


Three Regions Climate Change guidance and case studieswww.london.gov.uk

*Subscription required** This has been superseeded by the NPPF

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“3. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONAdvice for planners and developers

Planning should support the transition to a low carbon future in a changing climate, taking full account of flood risk and coastal change, and encourage the reuse of existing resources, including conversion of existing buildings, and encourage the use of renewable resources (for example, by the development of renewable energy) NPPF, p. 5, para. 17, sub-para. 6


1. Are there any conflicts between your policies on Part L, renewable energy, Code for Sustainable Homes and Building Research Establishment Environment Assessment Method (BREEAM)?

2. Are there viable opportunities to support new community energy facilities or district heating based on existing heat and power demands?

3. What potential exists to improve the viability of proposed district systems through the inclusion of additional energy demand required by new development?

4. What is the potential of individual development or refurbishment projects to mitigate climate change by, for example, the integration of on-site renewable energy generation and/or energy and water saving devices and appliances?

5. Is the potential of individual development or refurbishment projects to mitigate climate change more viable or enhanced by combining mitigation measures with adjoining sites or community scale initiatives, for example renewable energy generation networks or green travel plans?

6. What opportunities exist to reduce urban warming and heat islands and/or mitigate their impacts through new development and/or refurbishment of the existing built environment?

7. What opportunities exist for new development to contribute to climate change mitigation, including mitigating impacts on adjoining sites and the local area? For example by providing local facilities that reduce the need for the existing community to travel outside the area.

8. Would it be beneficial to put in place an ongoing monitoring programme? How could you do this effectively?

NPPF references:

Section 10: Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change. Plan-making (particularly paragraph 156).


BRE Good Practice Guidance: sustainable design and construction www.tcpa.org.uk

CIBSE Guide TM36 and TM48* www.cibseknowledgeportal.co.uk Environment Agency www.environment-agency.gov.uk

Greater London Authority (GLA) London Heatmap www.londonheatmap.org.uk

Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) Climate change mitigation and EIA principles www.iema.net/eia-climate-change Planning Policy Statement: Planning and Climate Change, Supplement to PPS1** https://www.gov.uk Town and Country Planning Association (TCPA) Planning and Climate Change Coalition Guide www.tcpa.org.uk Case studies and examples of best practice

London 2012 Olympic Athletes’ village, London: Working to the Code on the Athletes’ Village learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

*Subscription required ** This has been superseded by the NPPF

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“4. CONSERVATION AND THE RE-USE OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTAdvice for planners and developers

Planning should conserve heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, so that they can be enjoyed for their contribution to the quality of life of this and future generations. NPPF, p. 6, para. 17, sub-para. 10


1. Is the development of new buildings essential to meet the existing and future needs of the community or to enhance the existing environment?

2. What heritage assets in the local area including archaeological sites should be preserved and/or enhanced?

3. What heritage assets are at risk of neglect or dereliction and would benefit from planning incentives to encourage repair, refurbishment and re-use?

4. What opportunities exist to refurbish and re-use existing vacant buildings to satisfy a community need or land use demand, enhance the local area and improve public and community access to heritage assets?

5. Is there existing planning guidance that inhibits the re-use of existing vacant buildings? Are there circumstances where this guidance should be waived to make refurbishment and re-use of buildings more viable?

6. Is there an opportunity to enhance the historic environment and meet community needs and land use requirements by bringing vacant buildings (including listed buildings and those in conservation areas) back into use through a change in designated land uses?

7. Is there an opportunity to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings in a way that causes no significant detriment to the character of the neighbourhood?

NPPF references:

Section 12: Conserving and enhancing the historic environment. Plan-making ( particularly paragraph 156).


Buildings at Risk register for Scotlandwww.buildingsatrisk.org.uk

CIBSE Guide L: Sustainability*https://www.cibseknowledgeportal.co.uk

Heritage in local plans: how to create a sound plan under the NPPFwww.english-heritage.org.uk

Heritage at Risk register, English Heritagewww.english-heritage.org.uk

Heritage Gateway www.heritagegateway.org.uk

European Association for Historic Towns and Regionswww.historic-towns.org

National Heritage list for Englandwww.english-heritage.org.uk

Planning Portal: Architecture, building conservation and archaeologywww.planningportal.gov.uk

Save Britain’s Heritage Buildings at Risk registerwww.savebritainsheritage.org

Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB)www.spab.org.uk


Angel Building, Islington, Londonwww.derwentlondon.com

London Olympics 2012 Learning Legacy Archaeology learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk *Subscription required

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“5. ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITYAdvice for planners and developers

Planning should contribute to conserving and enhancing the natural environment and reducing pollution.” NPPF, p. 6, para. 17, sub-para. 7


1. What Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPAs), National Nature reserves (NNRs) and/or Local Nature Reserves (LNRs) and Local Wildlife Sites (LWSs) exist in the area and require protection?

2. What opportunities exist to enhance the existing and future ecological value of these sites?

3. What opportunities exist to reinstate lost habitats or create new habitat and/or ecological features? (For example woodlands, wetlands, meadows and hedgerows.)

4. What opportunities exist within the area and in conjunction with neighbouring planning authorities to create networks of ecological corridors to connect existing ecological features?

5. What proportion of the existing building stock in urban areas has green walls or roofs capable of supporting diverse flora and fauna? What opportunities exist to increase biodiversity within the urban area through refurbishment and new development?

6. Has the conversion of residential gardens to provide car parking and hard-standings had a negative impact on biodiversity? Is there an opportunity to address this and/or enhance biodiversity supported by residential gardens through new development plans?

7. Do public open spaces contribute to the ecology and biodiversity of the local area? Is there an opportunity to use planning gains to improve this? For example through Section106 Agreements to contribute to creating new public green spaces or enhancing existing public green spaces.

NPPF references:

Section 9: Protecting Green Belt land (paragraph 81). Section 10: Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change (paragraph 99). Section 11: Conserving and enhancing the natural environment (particularly up to paragraph 119).


CLG Environmental Impact Assessment: A guide to procedures www.webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Your Local Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP) www.naturalengland.org.uk Your Local Biodiversity Record Centre www.nbn.org.uk Town and Country Planning Association (TCPA) Biodiversity guidance www.tcpa.org.uk

TCPA and Wildlife Trusts, Planning for a healthy environment: good practice for green infrastructure and biodiversity www.tcpa.org.uk MAGIC Online Resource (Defra) www.magic.defra.gov.uk

Natural England www.naturalengland.org.uk

Natural History Museum On-line Postcode Plants Database www.nhm.ac.uk

UK Biodiversity Action Plan www.jncc.defra.gov.uk

UK-GBC Biodiversity information www.ukgbc.org/content/biodiversity

Wildlife Trusts www.wildlifetrusts.org/yourlocaltrust


London Olympics 2012 Learning Legacy Design and Innovation case studies learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

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“6. EMPLOYMENTAdvice for planners and developers

To help achieve economic growth, local planning authorities should plan proactively to meet the development needs of business and support an economy fit for the 21st century. NPPF, p. 6, para. 20


1. What impact would the development of new business space have on the viability of existing commercial centres and businesses?

2. What opportunities exist to increase, regenerate or enhance existing commercial centres through new development?

3. What potential is there for new development to attract inward investment, support skills development and create employment opportunities for the local community?

4. Are there opportunities to support existing or emerging business clusters/growth sectors?

5. Are proposals for new development located proximate to existing commercial centres to encourage or facilitate communal bulk purchasing, waste recycling programmes, green transport plans etc, which would otherwise be unfeasible?

6. Do development proposals include a range of unit sizes and flexible spaces to encourage a diverse business community, support start-up businesses and allow future expansion of existing businesses?

7. Do adequate support services exist to support existing and future employment uses? For example training facilities and community business hubs to support small businesses

8. Is the capacity of existing support services and facilities adequate to support existing and proposed business development? What potential is there to improve or reduce pressure on existing facilities through the planning of and investment in new development?

NPPF references:

Sections 1, 2 and 3


Centre for Local Economic Strategieswww.cles.org.uk

Employment Land Reviewwww.gov.uk

A Regional Sustainability Checklist for Developerswww.wwf.org.uk


London 2012 Olympics employment case studieslearninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

“Considerations for developers, local planning authorities and neighbourhood forums

1. What opportunities exist to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy demand at a community and site level through new development and refurbishment of the existing built environment?

2. What is the potential for maximising renewable and low and zero carbon (LZC) energy production in the local area?

3. To what extent are renewable and LZC technologies already exploited in the local area and what is the potential to increase this through new development?

4. What are the opportunities for decentralised renewable and LZC energy networks in the local area?

5. Can the viability of decentralised renewable and LZC energy networks be improved by future-proofing new development by making it ready to join the network at a later date?

6. What targets to encourage the use of renewable and LZC technologies and energy networks are viable for new development based on the existing and proposed energy infrastructure and local conditions?

7. What potential is there to develop an energy policy in conjunction with adjoining authorities to benefit from economies of scale and ensure the future viability of the strategy?

7. ENERGY Advice for planners and developers

To help increase the use and supply of renewable and low carbon energy, local planning authorities should recognise the responsibility on all communities to contribute to energy generation from renewable or low carbon sources. NPPF, p. 22, para. 97

NPPF references:

Core Planning Principles. Section 9: Protecting Green Belt land (paragraph 91). Section 10: Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change (particularly paragraphs

93-98). Plan-making (paragraph 156). Using a proportionate evidence base (paragraph 162).


CIBSE Guides* www.cibseknowledgeportal.co.uk

Combined Heat and Power Association www.chpa.co.uk

ODPM Low or zero carbon energy sources: Strategic guide (2006) www.decc.gov.uk

Planning Advisory Service www.pas.gov.uk

Town and Country Planning Association (TCPA) Developing energy efficient and zero carbon strategies for eco-towns www.tcpa.org.uk

Town and Country Planning Association (TCPA) Planning and Climate Change Coalition Guidewww.tcpa.org.uk

UK District Energy Association www.ukdea.org.uk

Zero Carbon Hub www.zerocarbonhub.org Case studies and examples of best practice

AECOM Climate Change, Site Development and Energy Infrastructure Study for Haringey www.haringey4020.org.uk

Dalston Square, London www.dalstonsquare.co.uk

Cranbrook, Devon www.ecobuild.co.uk

London 2012 Olympics Sustainability Plan www.london2012.com

London 2012 Sustainable Development Strategy www.london2012.com

Yorkshire and Humber Renewable Energy Toolkit www.lgyh.gov.uk

UK-GBC Sustainable Community Infrastructure Case studieswww.ukgbc.org

*Subscription needed


1. Is the capacity of the existing drainage infrastructure sufficient to manage surface water run-off from existing development? Is there spare capacity to accommodate future development?

2. What existing flood risk management infrastructure requires protection or enhancing to ensure the viability of a long term flood prevention and/or protection strategy for the existing and proposed built environment?

3. Has the source and degree of risk of flooding in the local area been adequately assessed as part of an evidence-based strategic flood risk assessment?

4. Does this assessment take into account potential impact of climate change?

5. What areas are at risk of flooding and require protection from inappropriate development?

6. What exceptions may be required for critical development and what flood mitigation measures are required to accommodate this?

7. To what extent is the existing built environment at risk of flooding and what protection measures are required to mitigate this risk?

8. What opportunities exist to provide new flood protection or enhance existing flood protection through new development?

9. What opportunities are there to minimise flood risks through new development or refurbishment? For example by incorporating sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) or rainwater run-off mitigation via green roofs.

10. What impact will areas proposed for new development and flood mitigation measures have on the potential to increase or reduce the flood risks of adjoining areas?

8. FLOODING Advice for planners and developers

Inappropriate development in areas at risk of flooding should be avoided by directing development away from areas at highest risk, but where development is necessary, making it safe without increasing flood risk elsewhere. NPPF, p. 23, para. 100

NPPF references: Core Planning Principles. Section 10: Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change (particularly paras 99-

108). Technical guidance to the National Planning Policy Framework.


Environment Agency Flood and coastal erosion risk management planning resourceswww.environment-agency.gov.uk

Environment Agency Flood Risk standing advice for local planning authorities www.environment-agency.gov.uk

Environment Agency and DEFRA Flood Risk Assessment Guidance for New Development http://sciencesearch.defra.gov.uk

CIRIA – Planning for SUDs www.ciria.org

Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk* www.gov.uk

Technical guidance to the National Planning Policy Framework www.gov.uk Case studies and examples of best practice

Environment Agency www.environment-agency.gov.ukng

London 2012 Flood Risk Compliance Procedure learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

* This has been superseded by NPPF

http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/planning/125081.aspx




http://sciencesearch.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=FD2320_3363_TRP.pdf

http://sciencesearch.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=FD2320_3363_TRP.pdf

http://www.ciria.org/service/Web_Site/AM/ContentManagerNet/ContentDisplay.aspx?Section=Web_Site&ContentID=18820

http://www.ciria.org/service/Web_Site/AM/ContentManagerNet/ContentDisplay.aspx?Section=Web_Site&ContentID=18820

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/development-and-flood-risk-practice-guide-planning-policy-statement-25

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/development-and-flood-risk-practice-guide-planning-policy-statement-25

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6000/2115548.pdf

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6000/2115548.pdf



http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/publications/flood-risk-compliance-procedure.php

http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/publications/flood-risk-compliance-procedure.php


1. Is the existing neighbourhood environment inclusive and accessible to all members of the community? What potential is there to enhance the accessibility of the built environment, natural landscape, heritage and cultural facilities through refurbishment and new development?

2. Does the existing neighbourhood engender a sense of safety and security?

3. What potential is there to enhance this through refurbishment and new development?

4. What are the current and future health needs of the neighbourhood? What are the barriers to addressing these needs?

5. Does the local built environment have a positive sense of place that encourages social interaction and supports a diverse, cohesive community?

6. What opportunity is there to encourage, enhance or support local community interaction through mixed-use and/or mixed-tender development and planning? For example by providing good quality, safe, accessible public spaces that encourage social interaction.

7. Have you taken into account your local Health Impact Assessment (HIA)? Do you require HIAs to be performed and how do you take into account the recommendations?

8. What can be done to encourage healthy and active lifestyles e.g. through the provision of cycle paths, green transport options, walkable neighbourhoods etc?

9. HEALTH & WELLBEINGAdvice for planners and developers

The planning system can play an important role in the facilitating of social interaction and creating healthy, inclusive communities. NPPF, p. 17, para. 69

NPPF references:

Core Planning Principles Section 4: Promoting Sustainable Transport (paragraph 29). Section 8: Promoting healthy communities (particularly paragraphs 69-75). Section 11: Conserving and enhancing the natural environment (paragraphs 120, 123). Section 13: Facilitating the sustainable use of minerals (paragraph 144). Plan-making (paragraph 156). Using a proportionate evidence base (paragraph 171).


BIS: Foresight - Land use planning and health and well-being www.bis.gov.uk

CABE Manual for Streets* www.cabe.org.uk

DCLG, Lifetime Neighbourhoods by Mark Bevan and Karen Croucher, 2011 www.gov.uk

Healthy urban planning by Hugh Barton and Catherine Tsourou, published by SPON, 2000 (book) www.books.google.co.uk

NICE Public Health Bulletins www.nice.org.uk

NICE Public Health Guidance PH17 www.nice.org.uk/PH17

Secured by Design www.securedbydesign.com

TCPA, 2012, Reuniting health with planning www.tcpa.org.uk

Bioregional & CABE: What makes an Ecotown? www.oneplanetcommunities.org

NHS Information Centre, Statistics and data collection www.ic.nhs.uk

WHO European Healthy Cities Network www.euro.who.int

UK Healthy Cities Network www.healthycities.org.uk


One Planet Communities www.oneplanetliving.org

TCPA Reuniting health with planning http://www.tcpa.org.uk

* This has been superseded by the NPPF


1. What are the existing and future local housing and related community infrastructure needs, such as schools? Is it viable to meet these needs within the area in terms of available land, open space, amenities, and transport and energy infrastructure?

2. What are the anticipated changes to the demographic profile of the local community and what impact will this have on existing and future housing provision?

3. Do communities within the area have specific housing needs and are these being adequately provided for?

4. What demand exists for affordable housing and low cost entry level housing and is it viable to deliver this through mixed-tender private residential or mixed-use developments?

5. What potential exists to meet the cost of affordable housing delivery through Section 106 agreements?

6. What density and range of housing types and sizes are required to meet local requirements and create a diverse and cohesive community?

7. Is the capacity and access to amenity space, community facilities and transport etc. adequate to serve existing and/or future residential development?

8. Is there the potential to improve access and capacity of community facilities through mixed-use residential development?

9. What design codes or minimum standards are appropriate, which meet economic viability as well as social and environment priorities to meet existing and anticipated housing requirements?

10. HOUSING Advice for planners and developers

Every effort should be made objectively to identify and then meet the housing, business and other development needs of an area, and respond positively to wider opportunities for growth. NPPF, p. 5, para. 17, sub-para 3

NPPF references:

Core Planning Principles Section 6: Delivering a wide choice of high quality homes Plan-making (paragraph 156). Using a proportionate evidence base (paragraph 159). Ensuring viability & delivery (paragraphs 174 & 177).


Code for Sustainable Homes – Planning Portal www.planningportal.gov.uk

Design for Homes www.designforhomes.org

TCPA Good Practice Guidance: Sustainable Design and Construction www.tcpa.org.uk

Homes and Communities Agency www.homesandcommunities.co.uk

Lifetime Homes www.lifetimehomes.org.uk

National Housing Federation Standards and Quality in Development A Good Practice Guide 2nd edition www.politics.co.uk Case studies and examples of best practice

Bioregional Flagship Project: BedZED, Beddington, Surrey www.bioregional.com

Dalston Square, London www.dalstonsquare.co.uk

Cranbrook, Devon www.exeterandeastdevon.gov.uk

Greenwich Millennium Village, London www.gmv.gb.com

BRE Innovation Park www.bre.co.uk/innovationpark

London 2012: Working to the Code on the Athletes’ Village learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

One Brighton, Brighton www.onebrighton.co.uk

Royal Arsenal Riverside, London www.berkeleygroup.co.uk

Greenhouse, Leeds www.greenhouseleeds.co.uk


1. What potential is there to meet land use requirements through the re-use and/or re-development of brownfield sites with low community or ecological value?

2. What measures are required to protect greenfield sites and green belt land from inappropriate development and development sprawl? Can this be achieved by creating natural boundaries or landscape features associated with new developments?

3. What potential is there to enhance existing open space and/or green belt land through development, including the potential to connect open spaces via green corridors?

4. What potential is there to re-instate or create new open space and/or green belt land as through development or remediation of contaminated brownfield sites?

5. Do brownfield sites of low community or ecological value exist that could be used to meet development requirements and relieve development pressure on greenfield sites or green belt land?

6. Is there potential to improve recreational access to open spaces and/or green belt land?

7. Are there areas where limited release of open space and/or green belt land may be appropriate to accommodate critical development or to meet wider regeneration objectives?

11. LAND USE AND GREEN BELT Advice for planners and developers

The government attaches great importance to Green Belts. The fundamental aim of Green Belt policy is to prevent urban sprawl by keeping land permanently open; the essential characteristics of Green Belts are their openness and permanence NPPF, p. 19, paras. 79-92

NPPF references: Core Planning Principles Section 1: Building a strong, competitive economy (paragraph 22). Section 4: Promoting Sustainable Transport (paragraphs 37 & 38). Section 6: Delivering a wide choice of high quality homes (paragraph 52). Section 8: Promoting healthy communities (paragraphs 76-77). Section 9: Protecting Green Belt land Using a proportionate evidence base (paragraph 161).


Brownfield Briefingwww.brownfieldbriefing.com

English Partnerships - The Brownfield Guide – A Practitioner’s Guide to Land Reuse in England (archived information)www.eukn.org

The National Archiveswww.collections.europarchive.org

Natural Englandwww.naturalengland.org.uk

UK Biodiversity Action Planwww.jncc.defra.gov.uk A Regional Sustainability Checklist for Developmentshttp://www.wwf.org.uk Case studies and examples of best practice

London 2012: Olympic Park Soil Strategy learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk


1. What opportunities exist to refurbish and re-use existing buildings in lieu of new development to minimise demolition waste and the consumption of new materials and resources?

2. What opportunities exist to centralise the recovery, distribution and re-use of demolition materials from potential redevelopment and refurbishment sites? Would a strategy to co-ordinate development sites within the area increase the viability of a centralised recover and re-use scheme?

3. What opportunities exist to collaborate with neighbouring authorities to identify opportunities to maximise recovery and re-use of demolition materials?

4. What opportunities exist to encourage local sourcing of construction materials either from within the local area or in conjunction with neighbouring authorities to minimise the embodied impacts of refurbishment and development projects?

5. Is there an opportunity to encourage or establish district or neighbourhood supply chains to meet the local development demands for construction materials with a low environmental impact?

6. What facilities exist for community waste recycling and composting? Is it viable to enhance these through new development or refurbishment projects?

7. What potential is there to exploit the economic potential of commercial and domestic waste streams?

12. MATERIALS AND WASTEAdvice for planners and developers

NPPF reference:

Materials and waste is still dealt with under PPS10*


National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP) www.nispnetwork.com PPS 10: Planning for Sustainable Waste Management www.gov.uk Waste & Resource Action Plan (WRAP) www.wrap.org.uk Construction site waste management https://www.gov.uk/site-waste-construction-plans Case studies and examples of best practice London 2012 Learning Legacy case studies: learninglegacy.london2012.com Innovation in Timber Supply for London 2012 learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk Procurement and Use of Sustainable Concrete learninglegacy.london2012.com No Waste Lean Construction Training learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk Demolition Waste Sustainability learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk Designing out Waste learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk WRAP case studies www.wrap.org.uk

* Waste is not covered under the NPPF; continue to refer to PPS 10: Planning for Sustainable Waste Management. Local Authorities pre-paring waste plans and taking decisions on waste applications should have regard to policies contained within the NPPF so far as relevant.

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1. Have aggregate resources within the local area been identified?

2. What measures are necessary to safe guard aggregate resources within the local area?

3. What provision is required to maintain a landbank (7 years’ supply) of at least 5 million tonnes of land won aggregates? (The NPPF requires Mineral Planning Authorities to make “provision for the maintenance of landbanks of at least 7 years for sand and gravel and at least 10 years for crushed rock”)

4. What potential is there to encourage the extraction of land won aggregates within the local area and to ensure imported aggregate is brought in by sustainable modes of transport?

5. Is the development of local aggregate recycling facilities viable? Would co-operation with neighbouring authorities increase the viability of potential recycling facilities?

6. Are existing and proposed sites for aggregate depots compatible with neighbouring land uses?

7. What measures are necessary to safeguard against adverse impacts of extraction on both the environment and human health?

8. What measures are necessary to ensure that worked land is reclaimed at the earliest opportunity and receives a high quality of aftercare to restore it to its original state?

13. MINERALSAdvice for planners and developers

Minerals are essential to support sustainable economic growth and our quality of life. It is therefore important that there is a sufficient supply of material to provide the infrastructure, buildings, energy and goods that the country needs. However, since minerals are a finite natural resource, and can only be worked where they are found, it is important to make best use of them to ensure their long term conservation. NPPF, p. 32, para. 142

NPPF references:

Protecting Green Belt Land (paragraph 90). Section 13: Facilitating the sustainable use of minerals Reference to technical guidance (paragraph 144). Plan-making (paragraph 156). Using a proportionate evidence base (paragraph 163).


Aggregate Minerals Survey 2009 www.gov.uk

Coal authority mining reports www.coal.decc.gov.uk

London Aggregates Monitoring Report www.london.gov.uk

Minerals Planning Guidance 4: Revocation, modification, discontinuance, prohibition and suspension orders* www.gov.uk

Minerals Planning Guidance 8: Planning and Compensation Act 1991 - Interim Development Order

www.gov.uk

Permissions (IDOS): Statutory Provisions and Procedures* www.gov.uk

Minerals Planning Guidance 9: Planning and Compensation Act 1991 - Interim development order

permissions (IDOS): conditions* www.gov.uk

Minerals Planning Guidance 14: Environment Act 1995 - Review of Mineral Planning Permissions* www.gov.uk

National and regional guidelines for aggregates provision in England 2005-2020* www.gov.uk

Letter to Chief Planning Officers: National and regional guidelines for aggregates provision in England -

2005-2020* www.gov.uk

Technical Guidance to the National Planning Policy Framework www.gov.uk

WRAP Aggregates www.aggregain.wrap.org.uk


WRAP case studies www.wrap.org.uk

London 2012 case studies learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

Sustainable material use in paving and seating learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

Responsible sourcing of the copper cladding on the Handball Arena learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

Implementation of the PVC policy learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk * Remain in place until such time as they are cancelled or replaced.

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1. What natural landscape features exist within the area and what measures are required to protect these and what opportunities exist to enhance them?

2. How can the impacts of new development on neighbouring notable landscape features be mitigated? To what extent can new development be integrated into the existing landscape?

3. To what extent is new development viable to enhance community access to and protection of natural landscape features?

4. To what extent should new development or access to the landscape be restricted to protect the landscape?

5. What potential is there to restore or reinstate natural landscape features that have suffered from over development or over use?

6. What potential is there to create new natural landscape features on disused or unviable development sites? How might this be achieved in association with new development elsewhere in the area?

7. Is there potential to use new development to support and/or improve recreational access to the natural landscape?

14. NATURAL LANDSCAPESAdvice for planners and developers

Although visual appearance and the architecture of individual buildings are very important factors, securing high quality and inclusive design goes beyond aesthetic considerations. Therefore, planning policies and decisions should address the connections between people and places and the integration of new development into the natural, built and historic environment NPPF, p. 15, para. 61

NPPF references:

Core Planning Principles Section 7: Requiring good design (paragraph 61). Section 11: Conserving and enhancing the natural environment


The National Association of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) www.aonb.org.uk

Natural England www.naturalengland.org.uk

BREEAM www.breeam.org

UK-GBC Biodiversity guidance for planners www.ukgbc.org


UK-GBC, 2009, Biodiversity and the Built Environment case studies www.ukgbc.org

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1. What existing sources of pollution exist in the local area and neighbouring authority? For example noise, light, noxious fumes and smells, exhaust heat, dust, contaminated surface water run-off, extreme micro-climatic conditions etc.

2. What potential is there to reduce or mitigate the impact of existing sources of pollution through new development or refurbishment? Is there a potential for these measures to be more effective by co-operating with neighbouring authorities?

3. What potential is there to reclaim or remediate contaminated sites and eliminate existing sources of pollution within the area?

4. What measures are required to minimise sources of pollution associated with new developments and refurbishment?

5. What areas require enhanced protection from pollution, for example, groundwater source protection zones (SPZs), sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs), Ramsar sites or special areas of conservation (SACs)?

6. What existing natural landscape and ecological features or habitats are particularly vulnerable to pollution and what measures are required to protect them?

7. Have past historical commercial/industrial uses of the land that resulted in localised soil/ground water contamination? Or are there past uses of land near to sites being considered that may affect the development site. E.g. oil run off from other sites?

8. What steps can be taken to mitigate against light pollution?

9. How are the environmental issues during construction going to be managed?

10. Noise, vibration and dust impact during construction is covered by BS5228. Is it appropriate for this to become part of a Section 106 agreement?

15. POLLUTIONAdvice for planners and developers

Planning plays a key role in helping shape places to secure radical reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, minimising vulnerability and providing resilience to the impacts of climate change, and supporting the delivery of renewable and low carbon energy and associated infrastructure. This is central to the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. NPPF, p. 21, para. 93

11. Is it appropriate to consult an air quality specialist at the local authority? Is the development in a local authority air quality management area?

12. What can be done to reduce the need to travel as part of the plan or proposal – e.g. locating traffic generating development in accessible locations, preparing green travel plans, considering car free housing.

NPPF references:

Promoting sustainable transport (paragraphs 30 and 35). Conserving and enhancing the natural environment (paragraphs 110 120, 121, 122 & 124).


British Standards Institute: www.shop.bsigroup.com BS5228, Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites BS4142:1997 for noise from plant and internal noise standards; BS 5930:1999+A2:2010 - British standards for site investigation

Building regulations Approved Doc E for insulation www.planningportal.gov.uk

CIRIA technical guidance www.ciria.org

DEFRA guidance issued under Environment Act 1995, including LAQ. TG(09) www.defra.gov.uk

DEFRA guidance on Odour www.defra.gov.uk

Contaminated land (ciria C655 gas guidance – assessment) www.ciria.org

Environment Agency pollution advice www.environment-agency.gov.uk

Environment Agency: Contaminated Land Report CLR11 www.environment-agency.gov.uk

DoE Industry Profiles www.environment-agency.gov.uk

The Institute of Lighting Professionals - Practitioners guidance www.theilp.org.uk

GP09: Lighting the Environment – A Guide to Good Urban Lighting www.theilp.org.uk

TR24: Practical Guide to the Development of a Public Lighting Policy for Local Authorities www.theilp.org

Planning Policy Statement 23: Planning and Pollution Control* www.webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control guidance www.environment-agency.gov.uk

The Penfold Review (BIS) www.bis.gov.uk/penfold

WHO community noise guidance www.who.int Case studies and examples of best practice

CIRIA www.ciria.org

*This has been superseded by the NPPF structure


1. What is the existing and potential availability of locally sourced water for industrial, commercial and residential use? Is this adequate to meet existing and potential future demands for water?

2. What is the capacity of the existing utilities water infrastructure (water supply and wastewater treatment) and is this sufficient to meet the requirements of future development and growth in demand in the area?

3. What are the existing and potential environmental impacts, energy content and cost of locally sourced water?

4. What impact will potential new development have on existing water resources?

5. What potential is there to enhance locally sourced water resources through new development? (For example through community scale rain water harvesting and recycling)

6. What potential is there to reduce existing and future demands for water through the introduction of efficient water management systems and equipment in refurbishment and development projects?

7. Have you considered the viability and feasibility of rainwater harvesting and grey water recycling?

8. Have you considered the potential for the use of permeable surfaces or pipework?

16. WATERAdvice for planners and developers

Local planning authorities should adopt proactive strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change, taking full account of flood risk, coastal change and water supply and demand considerations. NPPF, p. 22, para. 94

NPPF references:

Section 10: Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change (paragraphs 94 & 99). Plan-making (paragraph 156). Using a proportionate evidence base (paragraphs 162 &165).


CIBSE Guide G* www.cibseknowledgeportal.co.uk

Environment Agency Planning Resources www.environment-agency.gov.uk

Environment Agency Catchment Abstraction Management Plans www.environment-agency.gov.uk

Environment Agency Water Cycle Study advice www.cdn.environment-agency.gov.uk

Environment Agency Water Framework Directive www.environment-agency.gov.uk

Environment Agency River Basin Management Plans www.environment-agency.gov.uk

Securing London’s Water Future: The Mayor’s Water Strategy www.london.gov.uk

Landscape Institute www.landscapeinstitute.org

Climate Change Act 2008 www.legislation.gov.uk

Defra: Water for Life (2011 ed.) www.defra.gov.uk

Relevant water company’s Water Resource Management Plan (WRMP) www.thameswater.co.uk


London Olympics 2012 Learning Legacy Sustainability case studies: learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

Rainwater harvesting at the Velodrome learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

Reducing the Aquatic Centre’s water consumption learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

Non potable water supply for construction learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

Flood Risk Compliance Procedure learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk

Documents

1. AMENITY AND COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE Advice for ... for Planners - full... · Case studies and examples of best practice. London 2012 Olympic Athletes’ village, London . learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk