1. America’s Elite Membership

1. America’s Elite Membership2. Policy Changes And Innovations3. Political Conflict4. Stability & Instability5. American Federalism6. Exporting Corporate Elite Power 7. Corporate and Economic Power8. Globalization9. How Elites Exercise Power10. John Locke

© 2019 John Paul Tabakian, Ed.D.

1. America’s Elite Membership & New Elite Membershipa. Early disputes were between propertied classes.b. Political parties emerged in the 1796 election.c. New Western elites were assimilated

― The new electorate included all White men.d. Industrial elites use Social Darwinism to justify wealth.

2. Policy Changes & Innovations in American Government1. Hamilton pays the national debt and establishes a national bank.2. Supreme Court expands necessary and proper clause.3. President Abraham Lincoln & Emancipation Proclamation.4. President Franklin Roosevelt & New Deal legislation.


1. Political Conflict

a. Southern and Northern elite conflict over western land.― Led to Civil War.

b. Missouri Compromise was an attempt at compromise.

c. Southern elites seceded from the Union.

d. America lost its first war in Vietnam.

e. America regained its prestige in Persian Gulf War I.

― President George Bush had a 90 % approval.

― The military was the most trusted institution.© 2019 John Paul Tabakian, Ed.D.

1. Sudden instability Remains The Greatest Threat To Humanity

a. Threatens to cause irreparable harm to the individual.

b. One may never consider harming another person.― Elimination of sustenance throws individual into state of war. Survival is threatened.

c. Nation-States Consist Of Multiple Spheres Of Interest

a. Survival is the ultimate pursuit of nation-states.― The primary concern is that of stability.― This philosophy prevented a major war for over 70 years.― Instability is the primary cause of all conflict. Both within and between nation-states.


Sudden instability results in thepotential destruction of arelationship. One major cause oframpant instability is the breakdownof communication between spheres.This is a video documentary titled“First Strike”. It presents a nightmarescenario resulting from souringrelations between the United Statesand the Soviet Union.


1. American Federalism Involves Distribution Of Powera. Between the national government and the state governments.

2. Constitution Originally Defined Federalisma. Congress And Supreme Court Redefined Federalism

3. States Endowed With All Powers Not Vested To National Governmenta. Or not reserved to the people

4. There Is National Supremacy


1. Federalism Benefitsa. Provides more protection for individual rights.b. States can serve as laboratories.c. States are more responsive to citizen needs.

2. Federalism Disadvantagesa. Each level of government can have overlapping rules.b. Some states will have poor policies.c. Inequities between levels of government.

How Does California’s Support For K-12 Education Compare?

Spending Per Student Rank California US Source

K-12 Spending Per Student Adjusted for Cost of Living (2015-2016)*

41 $10,291 $12,252 National Education Association(NEA) and Texas A&M University

Spending as a Share of the Economy

K-12 Spending as a Percentage of Personal Income (2015-2016)*

37 3.29% 3.78% NEA and US Bureau of EconomicAnalysis

1. Federalism Benefits1. Provides more protection for individual rights.2. States can serve as laboratories.3. States are more responsive to citizen needs.

2. Federalism Disadvantages1. Each level of government can have overlapping rules.2. Some states will have poor policies.3. Inequities between levels of government.

How Does California’s Support For K-12 Education Compare?

Spending Per Student Rank California US Source

K-12 Spending Per Student Adjusted for Cost of Living (2015-2016)*

41 $10,291 $12,252 National Education Association(NEA) and Texas A&M University

Spending as a Share of the Economy

K-12 Spending as a Percentage of Personal Income (2015-2016)*

37 3.29% 3.78% NEA and US Bureau of EconomicAnalysis © 2019 John Paul Tabakian, Ed.D.

1. All Other Governmental Jurisdictions Are Subdivisions Of Statesa. States may create, alter, or abolish these other units of government.

2. There Are 86,000+ Governments In The United Statesa. More than 60,000 may levy taxes.

Los Angeles Trade Tech College400 West Washington BoulevardLos Angeles, CA 90015

Verizon Wireless Plan$60.00

Federal USC: 5.1174%$3.07

Taxes & Surcharges: 15.3170%$9.19

Total Amount Due: $72.26

San Diego Mesa College7250 Mesa College DriveSan Diego, CA 92111

Verizon Wireless Plan$60.00

Federal USC: 5.1174%$3.07

Taxes & Surcharges: 6.3170%$3.79

Total Amount Due: $66.86

1. Jeffersonian Republicans Versus Alexander Hamiltoniansa. Hamilton favored centralization & national economic development.

2. Community Political Elites Replaced Old Community Economic Elites.

3. There are five major patterns of federalism.a. Dual Federalismb. Cooperative Federalismc. Centralized Federalismd. Representational Federalisme. Coercive Federalism


1. Pattern of federal-state relations during first 100 years.

2. Nation and states divided most governmental functions.

3. National government concentrated on delegated powers.

4. States decided the important domestic policy issues.

5. Layer Cake Represents Dual Federalism


1. National Economy, Income Tax, Two World Wars And Great Depressiona. Ended national and state distinctions.

2. Nation And States Exercised Responsibilitiesa. Welfareb. Healthc. Highwaysd. Educatione. Criminal justice

3. Congress Relied On Its Powers To Tax And Spend

4. Marble Cake Represents Cooperative Federalism


1. Became Increasingly Difficult To Maintain The Fictiona. That the national government was merely assisting the states.

2. 1964 – Supreme Court Not Concerned With Reserved State Powersa. 10th Amendment

3. Legislative Examplesa. President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society (1964)b. Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act (1974)


1. Flow Of Power Continued Towards The Federal Government

2. The Supreme Court Ended Constitutional Protection Of State Powera. 1985 Garcia decision.

3. Garcia Decision Upheld Federal Law Requiring Statesa. To obey federal wage and hour rules.

4. The only protection For States Are Federal Elections


1. Federal Mandates Are Direct Orders To State And Local Governmentsa. To perform a particular activity or service to comply with federal law.b. Federal government does not provide funding to cover these costs.

2. Examples Of Unfunded Mandatesa. Age Discrimination Act (1986)b. Safe Drinking Water Act (1986)c. Clean Air Act (1990)d. Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)e. National Voter Registration Act (1993)f. Real ID Act (2005)



1. Globalized Corporate And Economic Powera. Free from national government restraints.

2. Financial And Industrial Elites Control American Economic Life

3. Exporting Corporate Elites Control American Trade Policya. WTO and IMF/WB facilitate international trade.b. NAFTA and FTA are institutionalizing global trade.c. Corporate Elites have earned a reputation for greed.

4. Most American Elites Are Neoconservatives / Neoliberals

5. American Elites Exercise Power In Many Sectors Of Societya. Elites Move from government positions to corporate positions.

― Revolving door theory.© 2019 John Paul Tabakian, Ed.D.

1. Work In Public And Private Sectora. Increase your marketability

2. Work In Public Sector Firsta. Market yourself to the private sector


1. Process That Creates Unified Worlda. United in a single economic system.

2. Globalization Cited For Withering Away Of The Statea. Technology has allowed mankind to realize globalization.b. Liberalism is the primary motivator.c. Technological innovation renders previous norms obsolete.d. This constant drive may render international strife obsolete.

3. Liberals Stress The Benefits Of Globalizationa. Transformation of world politics.b. States no longer remaining sealed units.


1. Globalization’s Equalization Processa. Prices / wages / wealth / interest rates / profit margins

2. Globalization May Spark Resistance Within America And The Worlda. Nationalistsb. Religious fundamentalistsc. Labor unions

3. Globalization Mostly Encompasses Western Countriesa. And also China, Japan, and South Korea.

4. Most Countries Has Been Left Outa. Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Russia, and swaths of Asia.


This political piece explores theeffects of globalization. One canargue that globalization hasextended people’s buying power.Dollars can be stretched must furtherthanks to lower labor costs found indistant lands. “Big Box-Mart” arguesthat cheap goods does present aserious side effect. Does the messagerelate to your personal belief aboutour present global economy?


1. Recognized as the first to anticipate the rise of liberal thought in his time.

2. Addressed the merits of exchanging certain natural rights or liberties forcivil rights as afforded by a social contract that provides a foundation oflaws assuring freedom and equality for all citizens.

3. One cannot have liberalism without capitalism.

4. Embodies tolerance, freedom of speech and religion with capitalism.Social contract is man’s way of establishing a government to guaranteethose identified fundamental rights.

5. Argues that the law of God serves as the fundamental example of whatconstitutes natural rights.


6. John Lock is very secular as his natural law argument demonstrates.Adopted to make Christianity more progressive, Locke argues that thelaw of reason is in actuality the law of nature with natural law governedby God.

7. No man has sovereignty by birth or any other greater freedom, for all ofman are seen in the same light under God’s eyes. (Chap.1)

8. Locke argues that man’s natural duty is to insure his self-preservation,which he bases on two qualifications. First, men do what is necessary fortheir pursuit of life, liberty and prosperity. Second, man can only takefrom another if it is dependent on preserving his own life, liberty andprosperity. (Chap.1)


9. Self-preservation is absolute only in a state of war, for when forcewithout rights exists, it presents a theater through which violence existsoutside the reach of law. (Sec.17)

10. Stresses that rights or duties accorded in a state of nature are based onnatural law, or reason. His whole theory is based on the tenets ofliberalism with a focus on relationships and conflict. (Preface)

11. Examines how one can and cannot morally possess material goods.States that the law of nature demands that no one shall waste or spoilanything that others could use. Arguing that one’s claims to the productsof the earth is in truth owned in common by all, the right of subsistencecannot justify waste, for one does not own the Earth. (Sec.36)


12. Self-regulating capitalism is the overriding purpose of the establishmentof this contract in order to insure that equality and freedom continue toexist outside of the state of nature.

13. Addressing the needy deficiencies of the state of nature, Locke examinesthe need for common consent with the people following the basic tenetsof natural law. Man thereby agrees to give up their natural rights inexchange for civil rights in return for order in a civil society.

14. Argues that the rule of law must apply to all in the same fashion, fairlyaffecting all aspects of society. The state of nature dictates that the lawmust treat all people equally for no one has the right to control anotherabsolutely.


15. From the beginning: Adam & Eve. Neither had total control over theirchildren or the Earth. (Chap.1)

16. People must freely surrender some of their inalienable rights in order forthe construction of government. (Chap.1)

17. All are charged with the responsibility of ensuring their prosperity. Nonemay willfully retreat from life to death. (Sec.6)

18. A state of war results when one’s survival is jeopardized. Slaveryproduces a state of war. (Sec.8)

19. No man shall do harm. Transgressors shall be punished either by thestate or individual. (Sec.11)


20. State of nature is a state of peace, good will, mutual assistance andpreservation. A state of enmity, malice, violence and mutual destructionis in fact a state of war. (Sec.16)

21. When actual force ends then so does the state of war. Both sides arethen subjected to the faire determination of the law. (Sec.20)

22. Men willingly join a society to prevent a state of war. (Sec.21)

23. Man shall not be under any other legislative power, but that established,by consent, in the commonwealth. Only those restraints placed by thelegislature may apply. (Sec.22)


24. Only those powers willfully forfeited may be applied to man. No one cangive more away more power than he has himself. He that cannot takeaway his own life, cannot give another power over it. (Sec.23)

25. Every man has a property in his own person. No power has any right tothis property except the respective individual.(Sec.27)

26. Adding labor or value makes the end product man’s. (Sec.28)

27. Ethics of converting or trading tangible products into currency. Thisbrings money, gold and silver, into the foray. (Sec.50)


Documents

1. America’s Elite Membership