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BiologyBiologyThe study of Life!The study of Life!

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What is Biology?What is Biology?

BiologyBiology is the study of all is the study of all living thingsliving things

Living things are called Living things are called organismsorganismsOrganisms include bacteria, Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & protists, fungi, plants, & animalsanimals

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All Living Things Share All Living Things Share Common Common

CharacteristicsCharacteristics1.1. CellsCells

2.2. ReproductionReproduction

3.3. Metabolism Metabolism

4.4. HomeostasisHomeostasis

5.5. HeredityHeredity

6.6. EvolutionEvolution

7.7. InterdependenceInterdependence

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Characteristics of Characteristics of OrganismsOrganisms

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All Organisms are All Organisms are made of Cellsmade of Cells

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Facts About CellsFacts About CellsCells are the Cells are the smallest living unitsmallest living unit of an organismof an organism

All cells contain:All cells contain:– CytoplasmCytoplasm– Cell MembraneCell Membrane– DNADNA– RibosomesRibosomes– CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

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More Cell FactsMore Cell FactsCells are complex & Cells are complex & highly highly organizedorganized

Cells have parts Cells have parts called called organellesorganelles that that do different jobsdo different jobs

e.g. Chloroplasts in e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugarsplants make sugars

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Organisms are Grouped by Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cellstheir Number of Cells

Unicellular OrganismsUnicellular Organisms– Living Organism Made Up Of Living Organism Made Up Of

One CellOne Cell

Multicellular OrganismsMulticellular Organisms– Living Organism Made Up Of Living Organism Made Up Of

Many, Specialized CellsMany, Specialized Cells

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ReproductionReproductionprocess by which organisms make process by which organisms make

more of their kindmore of their kind

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Sexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction

Involves 2 Involves 2 parentsparents

Egg fertilized Egg fertilized by sperm to by sperm to make a ZYGOTEmake a ZYGOTE

Offspring Offspring DIFFERENT DIFFERENT from parentsfrom parents

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Asexual ReproductionAsexual Reproduction

Involves a Involves a single single organism or organism or cellcell

Cell dividesCell divides

Offspring Offspring IDENTICAL to IDENTICAL to parentparent

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MetabolismMetabolism

Sum of all the chemical Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organismreactions in an organism

All All require energyrequire energy

SunlightSunlight is the ultimate is the ultimate energy for life on Earth energy for life on Earth

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MetabolismMetabolism

All living things use energy to run All living things use energy to run the process of life.the process of life.

All living things use energy to All living things use energy to grow, to move, and to process grow, to move, and to process information.information.

Examples: Photosynthesis, Cellular Examples: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Digesting foodRespiration, Digesting food

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HomeostasisHomeostasisKeeping the internal environment Keeping the internal environment of the cell or organism within the of the cell or organism within the ranges required for liferanges required for lifeStable internal conditions of pH, Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc.temperature, water balance, etc.Maintaining a balanceMaintaining a balance

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HeredityHeredityThe passing of traits from The passing of traits from

parent to offspringparent to offspring

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HeredityHeredity

Gene Gene is the basic unit of is the basic unit of heredity.heredity.

DNADNA carries the genetic code carries the genetic code for all organismsfor all organisms

All organismsAll organisms contain DNA contain DNA

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EvolutionEvolutionCChange over timehange over time

Groups Of Groups Of OrganismsOrganisms (Not (Not Individuals) Change Individuals) Change Over Time In Order Over Time In Order To Survive Within To Survive Within Changing Changing Environments.Environments.Fossil recordsFossil records show show changes in groups changes in groups of organismsof organisms

InterdependenceInterdependenceorganisms are dependent on one organisms are dependent on one another and their environmentanother and their environment

EcologyEcology – – the study of the the study of the interactions of organisms with one interactions of organisms with one

another and with the non-living another and with the non-living part of their environmentpart of their environment

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Life is Organized on Life is Organized on Several LevelsSeveral Levels

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LevelsLevelsAtomsAtomsMoleculesMoleculesOrganellesOrganellesCellsCells – life starts – life starts herehereTissuesTissuesOrgansOrgansSystemSystemOrganismOrganism