1. AESCHINES. Epistolae a Renato GuillonioVindocinensi latine quidem factae. Paris, AndreasWechel, 1555.

4to, ff. 18; printer’s woodcut device to title-page, text initalic letter with commentary in roman letter; a very goodcopy in modern marbled paper boards. £400

School edition of the letters of Aeschines (c. 397-322B.C.), Translated into Latin by René Guillon (1500-1570), a pupil of Guillaume Budé, and with Guillon’scommentary and abstract of the contents. Aeschines wasa distinguished orator and his letters and orations,together with those of Demosthenes, are among theprincipal sources for the relations of Athens withMacedon in the 340s and 330s B.C. These letters werefirst published in Greek by Aldus Manutius in 1499.

2. BÖHM-BAWERK, Eugen von. Einige strittigeFragen der Capitalstheorie. Drei Abhandlungen. Viennaund Lepzig, Wilhelm Braumüller, 1900.

8vo, pp. [iv], 127, [1 blank]; from the Stockholm CityBank, with its seal to the front pastedown; upper marginlightly browned throughout, some marginalia andunderlining in pencil, else a good copy in recent calf-backed marbled boards, the original upper printedwrappers preserved, corners worn, spine lettered andruled gilt, sunned. £950

First separate edition of three treatises, first published in1899 in the Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft, Socialpolitik,und Verwaltung. The titles of the treatises are: 1. ‘DieRegel von der grösseren Ergiebigkeit der längerenProductionsumwege und die Rolle der Erfindungen inCapitalstheorie’. 2. ‘Ganzes und Theile desarbeitsheiligen Productionsprocesses; das Theoretisierenmit ungekannten Grössen’. 3. ‘Woran eine richtigeZinstheorie sich auf die Probe stellen lassen muss, undworan nicht; ein moderner vulgär-ökonomischer Ablegerder socialistischen Ausbeutungstheorie’.

The present essays reply to criticism, especially to theassaults made by Lexis, of several important themesraised in Böhm-Bawerk’s masterpiece, Kapital undKapitalzins (1884-1889), one of the outstandingachievements of modern economic theory, both aconstructive theory of interest on capital and a criticismof Marxist thought.

Einaudi 571; Menger, col. 128; Stammhammer, p. 40.

MARTYRED JESUIT MISSIONARY TO INDIA

3. [BRITTO, John de.] Sacra rituum congregationeemo, et rmo dno card. S. Clementis Meliapuren.beatificationis, seu declarationis martyrii ven. servi deiIoannis de Britto, sacerdotis professi Societatis Iesu.Positio super dubio an constet de martyrio, et causamartyrii in casu, et ad effectum, de quo agitur. Rome,typis reverendae Camerae Apostolicae, 1737.

Folio, pp. [4], 36, 234, [2 blank], with a handsomeengraved plate depicting Britto and his martyrdom; textin Latin and Italian; woodcut initials; browning to a fewleaves, very occasional light foxing, closed tear to blankinner margin of P3; a very good copy in contemporaryvellum, title inked to head of spine, five vellum tabs(inked A to E) projecting from fore-edge; a few smallstains to upper cover, a little worming to pastedowns;small ink stamp (‘BMPF’) to title margin and p. 23.

£1200

Very rare edition of this collection of documents relatingto the life, martyrdom and miracles of the PortugueseJesuit missionary John de Britto (1647-1693) – knownas the Portuguese St Francis Xavier by Indian Catholics– compiled by the Sacred Congregation of Rites whenconsidering Britto as a candidate for beatification. ICCUrecords a much shorter 1731 edition (noting only onecopy, at the Biblioteca Giovardiana di Veroli).

Britto entered the Jesuits at the age of fifteen and in 1673joined the Madurai mission in Tamil Nadu, southernIndia, where he preached, learnt the local language, andpracticed abstinence from animal food and wine.Undeterred by his imprisonment and expulsion in 1684,Britto returned to the region in 1691 and converted theMaravese prince Thadiyathevan. Britto’s requirementthat the prince dismiss all but one of his wives, however,prompted a persecution of Christians by the King ofRamnad (uncle to one of the snubbed princesses), leadingto Britto’s execution at Oriyur in 1693.

The first part of this work documents Britto’s early life,his missions to India, his imprisonment, his martyrdomand its causes, and the miracles attributed to him, thedetails being sourced from over 100 witnesses fromCochin, Goa and Mylapore, who are listed with their age,occupation and place of residence. The miraclesattributed to Britto after his death include healingparalysis and leprosy, restoring sight, restoring a boy’sgenitalia, and putting out a fire. The second part of thework comprises a detailed analysis of the evidence byvarious church officials including the Promotor Fidei,the foremost theologian of the Congregation for theCauses of Saints in Rome, popularly known as theDevil’s Advocate. Britto was eventually beatified in1853 by Pope Pius IX.

Streit VI 350. Only one copy recorded on OCLC, at theBibliothèque nationale de France.

4. GIZZI (or GITTIO), Andrea Giuseppe. Lo scettrodel despota, overo del titolo, e dignita dispotale, discorsoistorico, politico, e giuridico. Naples, G. Raillard, 1697.

Large 4to, pp. xxiix, 120; with an engraved allegoricaltitle-page, engraved portrait of the author by the Italianengraver Teresa del Po, and woodcut head- and tail-pieces; printed shoulder notes in the text; very lightoccasional foxing, but a very good, attractive copy incontemporary stiff vellum, green morocco letteringpiece on the spine; cover a little chipped and stained; afew contemporary notes or marks. £3000

Only edition of a rare Mirror for Princes. It specificallydeals with the title, dignities and roles of the despot as atechnically well-defined type of prince standingsomewhat beneath the Emperor and somewhat above thatof King (the term ‘despot’ acquired its current generalconnotation in the 18th century), as a Byzantine andRenaissance Italian figure of power. Despot was one ofthe titles of Venetian Doges (one of whom is the dedicateeof this work), as well as of the Emperors of the East, andof monarchs of Greece and the Balkans. Gizzi harnessesa wealth of juridical and historical sources (includingMolina, de Soto, Bodin, Botero, along with the moreancient Aristotle, Justinian, Aquinas etc.) to give the mostcomplete portrait of the role. An alphabetical list of some350 sources on the subject occupies an entire quire,effectively providing the earliest bibliography on thesubject.

OCLC finds 4 copies in the US (NYPL, Newberry,University of Chicago, Berkeley).

THIRD LATIN LEVIATHAN,AND ITS MAJOR OPPONENT

5. HOBBES, Thomas. Leviathan, sive De materia,forma, & potestate civitatis ecclesiastic et civilis. AuthoreThoma Hobbes, Malmesburiensi. London, Tomson, 1676.

[bound with:]

CUMBERLAND, Richard. De legibus naturaedisquisitio philosophica in qua earum forma, summacapita, ordo, promulgatio, et obligatio e rerum naturainvestigantur; quinetiam elementa philosophiae Hobianae... considerantur et refutantur. London, Hooke, 1672.

4to, pp. [4], 365, [15]; [64], 421, [1] (the second workbound without preliminary imprimatur leaf and lastblank); Hobbes: engraved cameo of Emperor Vespasianto the title-page, initials, running titles; Cumberland:title printed in red and black, running titles; two verygood, clean copies bound in contemporary stiff vellum,ink titling to the spin, edges sprinkled blue. £5500

Very rare third Latin edition of Leviathan, bound by acontemporary reader with the first edition of RichardCumberland’s masterpiece, one of the key contemporarycritiques of Hobbes’ work but also, in its own right, awork of great theoretical originality and power. TheLatin version of the Leviathan, first published by Hobbesin 1668, ‘differs considerably from the English: it is in

the Latin version which Hobbes really expressed hisopinions’ (M&H). ‘All moral concepts, Cumberland triesto show, are definable in terms of the single natural lawthat men secure their own welfare by pursuing thecommon good … Most of what were to be the leadingeighteenth-century moral theories can be foundsomewhere suggested, if nowhere fully worked out, inDe Legibus Naturae’ (Encyclopedia of Philosophy II,278). Cumberland’s work was the first full-lengthphilosophical reply to Hobbes to be published and had aprofound effect on Samuel Pufendorf, John Locke andthe Earl of Shaftesbury.

ESTC R215248 (2 in UK, that is BL and Bodley; 1 inUS, that is Duke; 7 copies in total worldwide); R16677.

6. INTRONATE, Materiale, pseud. [i.e. GirolamoBARGAGLI]. Dialogo de i giuochi senesi, che nelleveggie si usano di fare. Del materiale intronato ... Venice,Daniel Zanetti, 1598.

8vo, pp. 228; woodcut printer’s device to title-page; avery good copy recased in contemporary vellum,slightly marked with some worming to boards, title inms to spine in a later hand; contemporary ms title toedges; previous ownership inscription of AloysiusTortelli, Diocese of Modena, with a note that he pur-chased the book in Modena on 22 January 1835, for 20centesimi; censorship stamps of the Stati Estensi.

£650

Later edition, first published under a pseudonym in1572, of this extremely popular book of Sienese lightentertainments by Girolamo Bargagli (1537-1586)‘the foremost exponent of Renaissance giuochi’(games). This work went through four editions beforethe present, although no attempts were made to alterBargagli’s very successful text, all of which retain theoriginal 1572 Sienese printer’s preface and Bargagli’sdedication to Isabella de’ Medici, despite her death in1576, supposedly murdered by her husband.

The work was written after Siena’s loss of independencein 1555. The city had rebelled against its Spanishoverlords and was forced to accept a humiliating peacewhich destroyed the independence of one of the greatmedieval city states. Into this atmosphere cameBargagli’s work, attempting to lift the spirits of thebeleaguered population; he argued that Siena had the bestgames and sought to illustrate his point with 130examples. Each game has three parts: the proposal, theperformance, and the satisfaction, ‘often consisting ofpenalties to be performed or questions to be answered’(James Haar). The games cover a vast range of scenarios,for example one in which the players are confronted by‘a host of Amazons’ in warlike mood.

See James Haar, ‘On musical games in the 16th century’,Journal of the American musicological society, 15.1(Spring, 1962), pp. 22-34.

Not in BL Italian.

7. LA FOSSE, Étienne Guillaume. Observations anddiscoveries made upon horses, with a new mthod ofshoeing. With copper plates. London, J. Nourse, 1755.

8vo, pp. viii, 120; with 4 engraved folding plates; leavesbrowned with some spotting; a good copy recentlyrebound in full calf. £750

First English translation of La Fosse’s Observations etdécouvertes faites dur des chevaux, originally publishedin 1754. The anonymous author notes in his preface thatalthough the subject had been treated previously ‘in alearned manner’ by English authors, viz. Gibson, Brackenand Barley, he could, however, ‘think myself wanting inthe duty I owe my country, if I did not propagate amongthem, whatever occurred to me that might tend to suchlaudable ends, in the most speedy and best manner Icould. And therefore as soon as this valuable little bookcome to my hands, I took care to take the proper measuresfor communicating, to the public, those useful hints thatappeared in it upon the most important points of farriery;being additional discoveries to what has already been evermade in any country’. La Fosse’s work includes sectionson the anatomy of the horse’s foot, and ‘the true seat ofthe glanders’.

ESTC T102183; Dingley 368; Huth, p. 36; OCLC notesNLS and the Bizzell Library at Oklahoma only.

‘THIS VALUABLE LITTLE BOOK’

8. [POPE ALEXANDER VII.] Vero e pienoragguaglio delle ceremonie fatte per l’incoronazione din. sig. Alessandro papa settimo il di 18 Aprile 1655.Rome and Florence, nella stamperia si S. A. S. allacondotta, 1655.

4to, pp. [8]; woodcut papal arms to title, woodcut initial;text in Italian with some Latin; slightly browned; verygood in recent decorative paper covered boards. £850

Very rare first(?) edition of this detailed and entertainingaccount of the coronation of Pope Alexander VII in April1655, capturing the splendour, colour and emotion of theoccasion. The blow-by-blow narrative has a verymodern feel, resembling present-day reporting of suchevents. After describing the elaborate furnishings(including tapestries worked entirely in gold) andseating arrangements (complete with platforms forspecial guests) laid out in advance in St Peter’s Basilica,the narrative turns to the big day itself, tracking theceremonials from ten o’clock in the morning anddetailing the attendees and their functions, theparaphernalia and processioning, and the Mass andmusic, culminating in the crowning of Alexander withthe papal tiara, and his blessing of the populace gatheredin St Peter’s Square to guns firing and shouts of ‘VivaPapa Alessandro’. After a note on the size of the crowdsand the fickle weather, the narrator lists the Cardinals

PAPAL CORONATION: AS IT HAPPENED

who assisted at the ceremony, beginning with the greatpatron of the arts Francesco Barberini.Alexander would become known for his (initial)opposition to nepotism; support for the Jesuits;architectural projects in Rome; and writing onheliocentrism.

OCLC records copies at the British Library and Gettyonly; not on ICCU. Another edition with twelve pageswas published in the same year by Bernabo at Rome(also rare).

9. [POSTEL, Jacques.] Tractatus de morbis capitisquibus functiones animales, vel omnes vel aliquaeabolentur, vel imminuuntur. [Caen, France, 1750-1].

Manuscript on paper, in Latin, small 4to (18 x 15.5 cm),pp. [6], 327 (recte 317, pagination jumps from 158 to169, text continuous), [5, index]; neatly written in brownink with very few corrections, 20+ lines per page; veryclean and crisp in contemporary mottled calf, spine giltin compartments with lettering-piece, red edges, marbledendpapers; two small wormholes at head of spine, somewear to corners, boards slightly rubbed; ‘Ex manuscrip-tis Jacobi Postel Doctoris Medici Cadomensis 1751’ toleaf before title, ‘Finis die 12a novembris an. ... 1750’ top. 327. £350

An attractive manuscript on ‘diseases of the head’compiled by the French medical student Jacques Postel.Originally from Pont l’Éveque in Calvados, Normandy,Postel entered the University of Caen in 1746, graduatingMaster of Arts in 1748, and Bachelor and Doctor ofMedicine in 1751. This manuscript therefore dates fromhis final year of medical study, and provides a valuableinsight into the curriculum he followed.

ALL IN THE HEAD

The neatly presented contents cover, inter alia, apoplexy,paralysis, insomnia, inflammation of the brain, madness,melancholy, lethargy, comas, sleepwalking, epilepsy,catalepsy, dizziness, eye and ear complaints includingcataracts, glaucoma, deafness and tinnitus, and nosebleeds. Each chapter is arranged into causes, symptoms,diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, includingpharmaceutical prescriptions.

SHAH’S VISIT TO PAKISTAN train for His Imperial Majesty ... 13th & 14th of March1950’. Four menus 13-14 March; that for the ‘Stateluncheon in honour of His Imperial Majesty ... SukkurSind Tuesday 14th March 1950’ features a photographof the Shah and a double spread in Farsi.

10. SHAH OF IRAN, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.Ephemera relating to the Shah of Iran’s visit to Pakistanin 1950. 1-16 March 1950.

17 items of printed ephemera (programmes, menus,invitation cards etc.), 1 typescript letter; signs of remov-al from mounts to backs but in good condition; offeredwith 19 other items (mostly invitation cards) from1947-1948. £350

A small collection of scarce ephemera relating to the lastShah of Iran’s visit to Pakistan in March 1950, collectedby T. G. Creighton, Director General of Railways inQuetta. Born in 1919, Mohammad Reza was Shah from1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution in1979. Creighton appears to have been partly responsiblefor organising a special train service for the young Shah’svisit. The collection includes:

Three programmes: ‘Programme of ... Shahanshah ofIran’s visit to Pakistan March 1950’ (Karachi, InterServices Press), listing his entourage and providing adaily timetable of his movements; ‘Government of SindPublic Works Department detailed programme of theroyal visit ... to the Lloyd Barrage at Sukkur Sind(Pakistan) on Tuesday 14th March 1950’ (Sukkur, RizviPress); ‘Programme of the royal visit ... to Sukkur onTuesday 14th March 1950’. Also a ‘Time table of special

11. TERENCE, and Richard BERNARD, translator.Terence in English. Fabulae comici facetissimi etelegantissimi poetae Terentii omnes anglicae factae, &hac nova forma editae … London, Legatt, 1614.

4to, pp. [viii], 428; mild staining, the upper marginclosely cropped (headline on a4r and type-ornamentborder at head of a5v slightly shaved), small paper flawin i6, a couple of old paper repairs, title-page soiled, butan attractive copy in modern brown calf, panelled inblind, panelled spine direct-lettered in gilt;contemporary ink inscription on the title; RogerAndrews Trin coll o[xon] alumnus’, with a price note£22; some early marginalia and marks. £1500

An important bilingual Latin-English Terence, firstpublished in 1598; this was the fourth according to thetitle-page; since ESTC lists it as third with no mentionof any other since 1607, an ‘editio tertia’ might have beenlost. The translator was the puritan divine and Cambridgealumnus Richard Bernard (1568-1641), whose dedicationto Christopher Wray offers an articulation of aestheticsand a formulation of poetic principles. By the latesixteenth century Terence’s comedies had become ahumanist educational staple and the CambridgeUniversity printer John Legatt had printed a Latin editionbefore embarking in the publication of this bilingual one.

In his Scholemaster Roger Ascham epitomises the highregard of his most enlightened contemporaries for theplaywright, and claims Terence ‘to be embraced aboveall that ever wrote in hys kinde argument’ due to his purestyle. Bernard’s was the first complete version of all sixplays, though the translation of the Andriae is anunacknowledged ‘light version’ of Maurice Kyffin’sprose translation.

ESTC S118348 (8 locations in the US, 9 in the UK).

12. [UTOPIA.] GALIER, W. H. A visit to Blestland.Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Perth & London, GeorgeRobertson & Co., 1896.

8vo, pp. [6], 310; an excellent clean copy, in thepublisher’s green cloth gilt, light marks to front board,light wear to corners and head and foot of spine;patterned endpapers; prize award inscription to frontfree endpaper to Evelyn Stirling (April 7th 1920).

£280

First edition of this Australian novel of utopian socialismwhich lambasts capitalism and religion; a Melbourne andSydney edition appeared in the same year. Blestland isa republican workers’ paradise located on a differentplanet which reveals how the divisions of earth can beabolished: by limiting ‘the enormous power for evil whichcapital can wield’. Monopolist powers are forbidden,resulting in a society in which ‘you will look in vain forclass or religious hatreds, abject poverty and generaldiscontents’. Published six years after William Morris’sNews from nowhere, the novel fits securely into thecontemporary corpus of utopian socialist fiction. Hereorganized religion is especially singled out as an evil:‘fanaticism ... accounts for the deplorable want of unityamong the masses’, as monopolists stay in power byexploiting workers’ religious differences. Indeed, amissionary provides the plot’s nemesis. The authormanifests Blestland as a dream, which vanishes uponwaking.

Rare outside Australia: OCLC finds copies at Oxford,Cambridge, the BL and NLS.

# 12-15: FOUR UTOPIAN NOVELS

15 12 13 14

13. [UTOPIA.] HAWTREY, George Procter.Caramella. A story of the lotus eaters up to date. Bristol,J. W. Arrowsmith, London, Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton,Kent and Co., [1899].

8vo, pp. 426, [2, advertisements]; occasional light mark-ing, otherwise a very good, clean copy in publisher’sgreen cloth, gilt lettering, corners and spine slightlyworn but in good condition. £240

First edition of this utopian novel exploring the blissof Caramella, a land visited by Odysseus who sent crewmembers ashore, where they consumed the lotus fruit andbecame addicted, ‘forgetting all thoughts of return’(Odyssey, book nine). In Hawtrey’s novel, this fruitmakes Caramella an island of utopian bliss, in which littlework is required: ‘the fruit-gatherers struck for a threehours’ day, and of course claimed an hour for dinner inthe middle’. This utopian world is used as a contrast toEuropean society. Caramella thrives under a system ofpaper money separated from gold reserves - this removesthe need for national debt or taxation as money is simplyprinted as required. Inflation is apparently unknown.Additionally, Hawtrey uses the island to attackmilitarism. The Caramese disdain soldiers, who are notreceived in polite society, as ‘the very idea of strife wasutterly repugnant to the national character’.

A UTOPIAN PLACE OF LOTUS EATINGAND PAPER MONEY

The army provides the antagonist and is opposed by JackFanshawe, an able but indolent young man who journeysto Caramella after being cast out by his family. Jack isviewed as a workaholic in the blissful ease of Caramella,and rapidly rises to become the President’s secretary. Hediscovers plans for a coup, and foils them, securing theisland and annexing it to the British Empire. Hawtrey’sstyle is continually amusing and colloquial: when Jackqueries that ‘the Caramese army is divided into twoportions,—the real and the imaginary’, he is told‘Efficient and non-efficient are the usual terms’.

OCLC finds three copies in the UK and one in the US,COPAC finds one further copy in Oxford.

14. [UTOPIA.] JEPSON, Edgar. The keepers of thepeople. London, C. Arthur Pearson Limited, 1898.

8vo, pp. [2, advertisements], 358, [2, advertisements];tear to pp. 41-44, and occasional light marking,otherwise a very good copy in original illustrated tealcloth, gilt; minor wear to head and food of spine and tocorners, stain to back board; a presentation copy withlabel ‘“Short Stories” Prize’ pasted to first endpaper.

£240

First edition, rare on the market, of an idiosyncraticfantasy novel which, in unabashed reactionary tones,expresses unease at modernity and particularly at theemancipation of women, to the point of spurningreligious morality in order to endorse male-dominatedpolygamy. Jepson’s work creates a fantasy paradise incentral Asia called Varandaleel which reflects the late-19th century’s fascination with medievalism and chivalricvalues. The state is traditionalist and paternalistic in theextreme: Prince Ralph, the hero, summarises this in acomplaint that ‘the Varandals are growing gentle... theywill be inventing an alphabet soon.’

Varandaleel is a criticism of ‘the infection of the West’.Princess Agnes, Ralph’s first wife, personifies thiscontamination in her enthusiastic promotion of women’semancipation, in stark contrast to the traditionalism ofVarandaleel. Agnes is mocked at every turn: Varandalwomen have no interest in her attempts to win them a

political voice, whilst Agnes is unnatural for not wantingchildren, and only rejoices in her eventual pregnancy as‘a new weapon’. The antidote to Agnes comes in twoother English women, Althea and Ruth, who come toVarandaleel and fit in seamlessly. Althea endorses thepatriarchal structure by stating ‘it would be no use in theworld trying to train a woman to [rule]. She would breakdown, or alter things.’ The book climaxes with thedissolution of Ruth’s marriage because of a mutual lackof love, a critique of English law which ‘only allowsdivorce when the wife is unfaithful, or the husband cruel’.Jepson himself would divorce in 1933. This enables afinal endorsement of polygamy, in stark contrast tocontemporary English religious mores, as Ralph marriesRuth, and undertakes to marry Althea later.

OCLC records five copies, four in the UK, one inAmerica, COPAC records one further copy in the BritishLibrary.

The work reflects the intellectual climate of the 1920s.Moszkowski was crucial in popularising the Theory ofGeneral Relativity through a 1920 biography of his friendAlbert Einstein. Here he introduces an island of relativity,in which registers of births and deaths are not keptbecause these ‘presuppose time determinations, whichhad been recognized as insubstantial’. The climate ofinvention also finds mobile phones on the ‘mechanizedisland’ of Sarragalla. Moszkowski explicitly attackscontemporary Europe through his satire. The Alliedblockade of Germany during the war, which causedmalnourishment and suffering, is directly compared tothe state-enforced abortion of children conceived byelderly parents on the Platonic island.

OCLC returns one copy at the British Library, COPACfinds six further copies at Senate House, Oxford,Cambridge, Trinity College Dublin, the London Library,and the National Library of Wales.

‘ONE WOULD HAVE TO TAKE A LOT OF COCAINETO MAKE THIS SITUATION BEARABLE’:A UTOPIA WITH MOBILE PHONES

15. [UTOPIA.] MOSZKOWSKI, Alexander andH[enry]. J[ames]. STENNING, translator. The islesof wisdom. London, George Routledge & sons, 1924.

8vo, pp. vi, 322; edges of some leaves lightly damaged,otherwise in excellent condition; in original blue pub-lishers’ cloth, gilt lettering, corners bumped, head andfoot of spine worn; Paddington public libraries stampsto centre of title page recto and verso. £230

First English edition of Alexander Moszkowski’sdystopian satire. Moszkowski imagines a visit to a seriesof South East Asian islands which each subscribeunreservedly to a philosophical school of thought. Theseutopias are absurd: people’s notions of philosophicalpurity prevent them from appreciating life’s variety, andeven emotions, like love, which are non-philosophicallyuseful. Contradictions ensue: on the Platonic island theyoung read Homer and Hesiod to learn classicallanguages whilst being ‘taught to despise the deeds ofwhich the poets tell’ as unproductive. Utopias thereforeeliminate the inefficiencies and experiences which makelife enjoyable, thus, ‘nine-tenths of all philosophywhatsoever is sheer nonsense’.

BERNARD QUARITCH LTD

English Books & MSS: MidwinterBoston Book Fair 2018Chelsea Book Fair 2018

York Book Fair 2018Bindings & Illustrated Books

Victorian Work & LeisureMedicine & Quackery

Illustrations: Cover #12 GALIER;Above #10 SHAH.