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CH110 CH110 Chapter 2: Energy & MatterChapter 2: Energy & Matter

Potential & Kinetic EnergyPotential & Kinetic Energy

Energy from FoodEnergy from Food

TemperatureTemperature

Specific HeatSpecific Heat

States of MatterStates of Matter

Heating & Cooling CurvesHeating & Cooling Curves

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EnergyEnergyEnergyEnergy = The capacity to cause change

HeatLight

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MetricMetric

SISI

CommonCommon

ConversionsConversions

LengthLength

VolumeVolume

MassMass

EnergyEnergy

Units of MeasurementUnits of Measurement

meter (m) 1 m = 1.09 ydmeter (m) 1 m = 1.09 yd

liter (L) 1 L = 1.06 qtliter (L) 1 L = 1.06 qt

gram (g) 1 kg = 2.2 lbgram (g) 1 kg = 2.2 lb

calorie (cal) 1Kcal = 1000 cal = 1Calcalorie (cal) 1Kcal = 1000 cal = 1CalJoule (J) 1 cal = 4.18 JJoule (J) 1 cal = 4.18 J

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EnergyEnergyUnits of Energy =Units of Energy =

caloriecalorie calcal

kilocaloriekilocalorie kcalkcal 1000 cal = 1 kcal1000 cal = 1 kcal

CalorieCalorie CalCal Cal = kcalCal = kcal

joulejoule JJ 4.18 J = 1 cal4.18 J = 1 cal

British British

Thermal UnitThermal UnitBTUBTU

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EnergyEnergycalorie: calorie:

E E toto raise 1 g H raise 1 g H220 0 byby 1 1 ooCC

H2O 11 cal

1g 1oC

11 cal

1g 1oC

Specific HeatSpecific Heat

1oC

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Energy from FoodEnergy from Food

CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

FatFat

ProteinProtein

4 kcal

1 g carb

4 kcal

1 g carb

9 kcal

1 g fat

9 kcal

1 g fat

4 kcal

1 g protein

4 kcal

1 g protein

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MetricMetric

SISI

CommonCommon

ConversionsConversions

LengthLength

VolumeVolume

MassMass

EnergyEnergy

TemperatureTemperature

Units of MeasurementUnits of Measurement

meter (m) 1 m = 1.09 ydmeter (m) 1 m = 1.09 yd

liter (L) 1 L = 1.06 qtliter (L) 1 L = 1.06 qt

gram (g) 1 kg = 2.2 lbgram (g) 1 kg = 2.2 lb

Celsius (oC) C = (F-32)/1.8Kelvin (K) K = C + 273

calorie (cal) 1Kcal = 1000 cal = 1Calcalorie (cal) 1Kcal = 1000 cal = 1CalJoule (J) 1 cal = 4.18 JJoule (J) 1 cal = 4.18 J

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180180oo100100oo

TemperatureTemperature

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Temperature conversionTemperature conversion

• Common scales used• Fahrenheit,Fahrenheit, CelsiusCelsius andand KelvinKelvin..

ooFF = 1.8 = 1.8 ooC + 32 C + 32

ooCC = = ((ooF - 32)F - 32)1.81.8

KK = = ooC + 273C + 273 SI unitSI unit

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• At what temperature does At what temperature does ooF = F = ooC?C?

Trivial Pursuit QuestionTrivial Pursuit Question

- 40 - 40 ooF = - 40 F = - 40 ooCC

- 40 - 40 oo

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EnergyEnergycalorie: calorie:

E E toto raise 1 g H raise 1 g H220 0 byby 1 1ooCC

H2O 11 cal

1g 1oC

11 cal

1g 1oC

Specific HeatSpecific Heat

1oC

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Specific HeatSpecific HeatE to raise Temp of 1g substance by 1 E to raise Temp of 1g substance by 1 ooCC

Fe Fe

0.110.11

Cu

0.093

H2O

1.00

Ag

0.057Au

0.031

Sand

0.19Al

0.22

cal

1g 1oC

cal

1g 1oC

0oC = start0oC = start Add 1 calAdd 1 cal

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Specific HeatSpecific Heat

Fe Fe

0.110.11

Cu

0.093

Ag

0.057

Au

0.031

Sand

0.19Al

0.22

0oC = start0oC = start

H2O

1.00

E to raise Temp of 1g substance by 1E to raise Temp of 1g substance by 1ooCC

cal

g oC

cal

g oC

1o

10o

30o

20o

Add 1 calAdd 1 cal

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High SpHt; Resists changeHigh SpHt; Resists change

Specific HeatSpecific Heat

Fe Fe

0.110.11

Cu

0.093

Ag

0.057

Au

0.031

Sand

0.19Al

0.22H2O

1.00

1o

10o

30o

20o

Low SpHt; Heats quicklyLow SpHt; Heats quickly

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Specific HeatSpecific Heat

Sand

0.19H2O

1.00

Resists change

Stays cold

Heats quickly

Gets hot

Hydrated person

Resists change in body temp

Dehydrated person

Body temp rises quickly

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Elemental states at 25Elemental states at 25ooCC

He

Rn

XeI

KrBrSe

ArClS

NeFO

P

NC

H

Li

Na

Cs

Rb

K

TlHgAuHfLsBa

Fr

PtIrOsReWTa PoBiPb

Be

Mg

Sr

Ca

CdAgZrY PdRhRuTcMoNb

AcRa

ZnCuTiSc NiCoFeMnCrV

In SbSn

Ga Ge

Al

Gd

Cm

Tb

Bk

Sm

Pu

Eu

Am

Nd

U

Pm

Np

Ce

Th

Pr

Pa

Yb

No

Lu

Lr

Er

Fm

Tm

Md

Dy

Cf

Ho

Es

At

Te

As

Si

B

SolidLiquid

Gas

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Changes of StateChanges of State

Melting Pt = Melting Pt = Freezing PtFreezing Pt

Boiling PtBoiling Pt

SolidSolid

LiquidLiquid

VaporVapor

CondenseCondenseCondenseCondense

FreezeFreezeFreezeFreezeMeltMeltMeltMelt

VaporizeVaporizeVaporizeVaporize

Slow, close,Slow, close,Fixed Fixed

arrangementarrangement

Moderate, close,Moderate, close,Random Random

arrangementarrangement

Fast, far apart,Fast, far apart,RandomRandom

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SolidSolid

LiquidLiquid

VaporVapor

Changes of StateChanges of State

FrostFrostDepositDepositDepositDeposit

SublimeSublimeSublimeSublimeFreeze DryFreeze Dry