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Concurrent Planning:Concurrent Planning:Multiple Pathways to PermanenceMultiple Pathways to Permanence
Version 2.0, 2010Version 2.0, 2010Module AModule A
22
Goals for the TrainingGoals for the Training
In this training we will cover:In this training we will cover:
Essentials of Concurrent PlanningEssentials of Concurrent Planning
Values in Concurrent PlanningValues in Concurrent Planning
Collaboration toward PermanencyCollaboration toward Permanency
33
DefinitionsDefinitions
Concurrent planningConcurrent planning
Permanency outcomesPermanency outcomes
Emotional vs. Legal PermanencyEmotional vs. Legal Permanency
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Concurrent Planning ValuesConcurrent Planning Values
Every child deserves permanency.Every child deserves permanency.
Requires emotional risks.Requires emotional risks.
Foster placement as a service, not an Foster placement as a service, not an outcome.outcome.
Requires collaboration.Requires collaboration.
55
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Knowledge:Knowledge: Define Concurrent Planning and PermanenceDefine Concurrent Planning and Permanence Identify the emotional, developmental effects of separationIdentify the emotional, developmental effects of separation Recognize best practice modelsRecognize best practice models
ValuesValues Permanency as best outcomePermanency as best outcome Concurrent planning as a method for timely permanencyConcurrent planning as a method for timely permanency Ongoing concurrent planningOngoing concurrent planning Emotional/relational permanency, pre-existing attachmentsEmotional/relational permanency, pre-existing attachments Child-, youth-, and family-centeredChild-, youth-, and family-centered
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DataData
Retrieved from the Center for Social Retrieved from the Center for Social Services Research at the UC BerkeleyServices Research at the UC Berkeley
http://http://cssr.berkeley.edu/ucb_childwelfarecssr.berkeley.edu/ucb_childwelfare//
Part of the effort to improve outcomes for Part of the effort to improve outcomes for children and families in the Child Welfare children and families in the Child Welfare SystemSystem
77
66%
33%
1%
Foster Home, Group Home, Other
Kinship Care
Unspecified
Placement DataPlacement Data
In California on July 1, 2009…In California on July 1, 2009… 59,686 children & youth were in child welfare 59,686 children & youth were in child welfare
supervised foster care.supervised foster care.
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Placement DataPlacement Data
Number of placements for children & youth who remain in foster care for
more than 24 months
23%
77%
1 placement
2 or more placements
65%65% of those who of those who enter and stay at least enter and stay at least five days in placement five days in placement are still in out-of-home are still in out-of-home care one year later.care one year later.
25%25% of those who of those who enter foster care enter foster care remain in care longer remain in care longer than 24 months.than 24 months.
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Placement DataPlacement Data
430
502516
350
400
450
500
550
Days
Median Length of Time in Placement (CA, 2006)
All Children
African American Children
Native American Children
60% of youth who age out of the system at age 60% of youth who age out of the system at age 18 were in care for 3 years or longer.18 were in care for 3 years or longer.
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DiscussionDiscussion
What do you see as your role in improving What do you see as your role in improving outcomes for children and youth, given the outcomes for children and youth, given the issues that were presented in the video issues that were presented in the video and the data?and the data?
1111
Attachment TheoryAttachment Theory Attachment status sets stage for developing autonomy.Attachment status sets stage for developing autonomy.
Attachment deficits lead to:Attachment deficits lead to: Separation anxietySeparation anxiety Inability to meet developmental challengesInability to meet developmental challenges Re-experiencing of rage from early lossesRe-experiencing of rage from early losses
Attachment helps the child to:Attachment helps the child to: Attain full intellectual potentialAttain full intellectual potential Develop a conscienceDevelop a conscience Trust othersTrust others Increase self-reliance and feelings of self worthIncrease self-reliance and feelings of self worth Cope with stress, frustration and jealousyCope with stress, frustration and jealousy Overcome common fears and worriesOvercome common fears and worries
1212
Separation and PlacementSeparation and Placement
InfantsInfants
Cognitive limitationsCognitive limitations
Become extremely distressed by:Become extremely distressed by:• changes in the environmentchanges in the environment• the absence of trusted caregiversthe absence of trusted caregivers
Experience the absence of caregivers Experience the absence of caregivers as immediate, total, and completeas immediate, total, and complete
1313
Separation and PlacementSeparation and Placement
PreschoolersPreschoolers
Immature conception of timeImmature conception of time
Assumption that parents will not returnAssumption that parents will not return
Damages self esteem and increases anxietyDamages self esteem and increases anxiety
Feelings of helplessness and loss of control Feelings of helplessness and loss of control interfere with the development of self-interfere with the development of self-directed, autonomous behaviordirected, autonomous behavior
1414
Separation and PlacementSeparation and Placement
School age childrenSchool age children Need concretenessNeed concreteness
May experience feelings of:May experience feelings of:
• responsibility, guilt and anxietyresponsibility, guilt and anxiety
• confusion, hostility, and resentmentconfusion, hostility, and resentment
• worry about familyworry about family
May become lonely and isolated after the loss May become lonely and isolated after the loss of best friends and peersof best friends and peers
1515
Separation and PlacementSeparation and Placement
AdolescentsAdolescents
An emotionally chaotic period; An emotionally chaotic period; Additional stress may precipitate crisis.Additional stress may precipitate crisis.
May experience:May experience:• Guilt, anxiety, depressionGuilt, anxiety, depression
May interfere with development of May interfere with development of autonomy.autonomy.
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Decreasing Placement TraumaDecreasing Placement Trauma Slow down, explain.Slow down, explain. Removal calmly facilitated by parent.Removal calmly facilitated by parent. Parent-Child phone call, visit before leaving home.Parent-Child phone call, visit before leaving home. Familiar people to provide emotional support.Familiar people to provide emotional support. Comfort items.Comfort items. Build relationship between biological and foster parent.Build relationship between biological and foster parent. Place child as soon as possible.Place child as soon as possible. Child knows placement is not his/her fault.Child knows placement is not his/her fault. Maintain connections between siblings.Maintain connections between siblings. Attend same school, or arrange good-bye with friends.Attend same school, or arrange good-bye with friends. Appropriate and prompt trauma services.Appropriate and prompt trauma services.
1717
Decreasing Placement TraumaDecreasing Placement Trauma
Summary:Summary:
Keep child connected to family, loved onesKeep child connected to family, loved ones
Frequency of contactFrequency of contact
Timely permanency through reunification, Timely permanency through reunification, adoption, or guardianshipadoption, or guardianship
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Federal and State LegislationFederal and State Legislation
Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997
The Chafee Foster Care Independence ActThe Chafee Foster Care Independence Act
California AB 3088California AB 3088
California Welfare and Institutions CodeCalifornia Welfare and Institutions Code WIC 16501.1(f)(9)WIC 16501.1(f)(9) WIC 358.1(b)WIC 358.1(b) WIC 361.3WIC 361.3
WIC 366.21WIC 366.21 WIC 706.6(k)WIC 706.6(k)
1919
Concurrent Planning:Concurrent Planning: Key Components Key Components
Full DisclosureFull Disclosure
Reasonable EffortsReasonable Efforts
Timelines for ReunificationTimelines for Reunification
Substantial Probability for ReunificationSubstantial Probability for Reunification
2020
Full DisclosureFull Disclosure
Provide family members with information Provide family members with information and possible outcomes that will be and possible outcomes that will be upsetting to the family members.upsetting to the family members.
Required by lawRequired by law
Clinically beneficialClinically beneficial
Who is included in full disclosure?Who is included in full disclosure?
2121
Reasonable EffortsReasonable EffortsTasks include:Tasks include: Document the problems which necessitated removal.Document the problems which necessitated removal. Work with biological parents on:Work with biological parents on:
MSLC expectation, service plan, and visitation planMSLC expectation, service plan, and visitation plan Refer parents to service providers.Refer parents to service providers. Review progress at least monthly with parents.Review progress at least monthly with parents. Document all parental participation.Document all parental participation.
Documentation includes:Documentation includes: Date of referrals to services.Date of referrals to services. Evaluations and/or progress reports.Evaluations and/or progress reports. Dates and outcomes of contact with relatives.Dates and outcomes of contact with relatives.
2222
Timelines for ReunificationTimelines for Reunification
Begin reunification and permanency Begin reunification and permanency efforts immediatelyefforts immediately
Length of reunification plan is determined Length of reunification plan is determined by:by: Child’s age at time of removalChild’s age at time of removal Parent’s progress in the planParent’s progress in the plan
2323
Assessing for ReunificationAssessing for ReunificationImportant considerations:Important considerations:
What has the parent done to comply with the What has the parent done to comply with the reunification plan? What can be documented?reunification plan? What can be documented?
What does the parent still need to do?What does the parent still need to do?
What is the visitation plan for the parent?What is the visitation plan for the parent?
Is the parent following through with visitation? What Is the parent following through with visitation? What can be documented?can be documented?
How is the child responding to visits with the How is the child responding to visits with the parent?parent?
2424
Contact PointsContact Points
Concurrent planningConcurrent planning
Starts with the initial contact with familyStarts with the initial contact with family
Continues and evolves throughout the Continues and evolves throughout the life of the caselife of the case
Does not end until permanency is Does not end until permanency is achievedachieved
2525
Concurrent Planning:Concurrent Planning:Promising PracticesPromising Practices
Early formal search for relatives, absent parents.Early formal search for relatives, absent parents.
Early compliance with ICWA.Early compliance with ICWA.
Regular collaborative case reviews.Regular collaborative case reviews.
Frequent communication between social workers.Frequent communication between social workers.
Intensive early services to biological parents.Intensive early services to biological parents.
Individualized assessment, targeted services.Individualized assessment, targeted services.
Documented full disclosure.Documented full disclosure.
Parent / child visitation plans.Parent / child visitation plans.
Build relationship: parents & substitute care providers.Build relationship: parents & substitute care providers.
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Working TogetherWorking Together
Child’s attorneyChild’s attorney
Biological parent’s attorneyBiological parent’s attorney
Foster parent/relative caregiverFoster parent/relative caregiver
2727
Activity: Best PracticeActivity: Best Practice
Directions:Directions: Read vignetteRead vignette Work in table groups to identify missed Work in table groups to identify missed
opportunities to engage in concurrent opportunities to engage in concurrent planning.planning.
2828
Practice Constants andPractice Constants andPractice ChangesPractice Changes
Changes to practiceChanges to practice
Remain the same:Remain the same: Services to ChildrenServices to Children Services to Birth ParentsServices to Birth Parents Services to RelativesServices to Relatives