1 Define fossils. • Preserved remains of life from an

earlier time

2 What are the other 4 types of proof that scientists use to prove evolution and

give an example of each. Homologous structures-

• parts with similar pattern but may have different functions (arm and wing)

Types proof cont. • DNA-Similar DNA sequences showing close

relationships (chimpanzees are 98% similar to humans)

• Vestigial structures- parts with no current function but functional in ancestor (pelvis in whale)

Types proof cont.• Embryological structures- study of

organisms in earliest stages (mammals have gill slits and tails as embryos)

• Fossil record- showing a pattern of change among living things (can be used to show mass extinction & other changes) (casts, molds etc.)

3 Define evolution. • Species changing over time

4 What is used to prove mass extinction?

• Fossil record

5 Who was famous for the hypothesis that species

change over time?• Charles Darwin

6 What is natural selection and what does it directly act on?

• Positive characteristics get passed on to offspring and through generations. They act upon a phenotype.

7 What increases the chance that a species will survive?

• Genetic diversity

8 What are mutations?• Copying errors in DNA

9 What is mimicry?• Resembling another species by

behavior or physical appearance

10 What is camouflage?• Blends into surrounding to avoid

predators

11 Nature determines if a variation is what?

• Useful

12 Draw a directional selection diagram.

13 What population increases in the directional selection

diagram• Favors one of the extreme variations of

the trait

14 Draw a stabilizing selection diagram.

15 What population increases in stabilizing selection?

• Favors the average trait

16 Draw a disruptive selection diagram.

17 What population increases in disruptive selection?

• Both extreme variations of the trait

fittest• 18 Complete this saying, “Survival of

the __________”

19 Who does genetic drift affect?

• Small isolated populations

20 Define genetic equilibrium.• No change in a population over many

generations

21 Put the following in order from smallest to largest & define:

Organism- community - ecosystem -population -

biosphere. Biome

• Next slide

Cont. from previous • Organism-1 individual• Population-more than 1 of the same

species• Community-more than 1 species

Cont.• Ecosystem-abiotic and biotic in a similar

area• Biome-areas with similar characteristics• Biosphere-from the lowest part of Earth to

the highest point above Earth where living organism exist

22. Define niche.• Different roles that an organism fills in

its environment

23. A population can grow if the following occur:

• Increased Birthrate• Decreased death rate • Increased Immigration• Decreased Emigration

24. Define exponential growth and its causes.

• Exponential is when there is a constant growth with unlimited resources (no limiting factors stopping the increase)

25. Define logistic growth and its causes.

• Increase in population that levels off because of limiting factors (such as food or space).

26. What is abiotic? Give an example

• Things that are not living and have never been living. Examples: metal, plastic etc.

27. What is biotic? Give an example.

• Anything living or once living-Ex. Flowers, humans, bears, etc.

• 28. What is an _________ or plants make their own food and __________ or animals must consume plants or other animals for food.

autotroph

Heterotroph

• 29. In an energy pyramid____ % of the energy is lost to the environment and

• ____ % is passed up to the next level.

90

10

• 30 Fill in the blanks. Producers-_________ consumer-___________ consumer-___________ consumer.

primary

secondary

tertiary

• 31 What do the following consume?• Herbivores-eats only

plants/autotrophs• Carnivores-Eats only animals• Omnivores-Eats both plants and

animals

32 Who benefits in the following type of relationships

• Mutualism-+/+• Commensalism-+/0• Parasitism-+/- (but

no death)• Predator/prey-+/-

(with death of one organism)

33 what are the key steps in the water cycle?

34 what are the 2 key processes involved in the carbon cycle?

• Cell respiration and photosynthesis

35 What helps convert nitrogen to different forms?

• Bacteria