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Eleanor Roosevelt
Who was she?
By D’Ann Campbell
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Who was ER?
• Early history, b 1884, d 1962
• Famous husband– FDR #2 in Navy WWI– VP candidate 1920– Governor NY 1928-32– President 1933-45
• Social reformer
• Stump speaker for husband
• First lady
• Diplomat
• Democratic Party leader
Childhood
• Mother died when 8
• Father, brother of Theodore Roosevelt died when ER age 10, alcoholic
• Orphan under protection of TR
• Unattractive, love not likely to last, those counted on let down
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Teens, Young Adult
• Age 15 attended Allenswood school near London under Marie Souvestre– ER learned art &
ideas
• Age 18 return for debut in NY
• 1902 dates FDR, admired TR
Young housewife
• 1905 married, lives in Hyde Park NY
• 5 sons, 1 daughter, 1 son died infancy
• Domineering mother in law Sara Delano Roosevelt– Forbids settlement
house work
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Early Married Life
• 1911 NY State Senate, Albany
• 1913 moved to DC, Asst. Navy
• WWI volunteer work resumed
• 1918 Lucy Mercer
• 1921 FDR contracts polio
• Women’s suffrage
• League of Women Voters, WTUL, NYC Women’s City Club, Women’s Division of Dems (NY then Nat’l)
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FDR: strong man with weak legs
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First Lady
• 1933 Afraid of being first lady, should see seek a divorce?
• 1933-1945 First Lady
• Great Depression & WWII
• Postwar years alone
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First Lady
• Made 70+ speeches / year for her husband
• Wrote 2,500 daily newspaper columns, 299 mag. articles
• Wrote 6 books
• Answered letters
• Gave women prominent positions in gov’t during the Depression era
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ER visits workers
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Many trips for each
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Conservative opponents
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ER & Blacks
• Was their voice/advocate with the President
• Mary McLeod Bethune
• Enlistment in the Navy, Marines, Coast Guard
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After 1945
• Leader at United Nations
• Leader Democratic Party– Supports
Stevenson– Feuds with
Catholics– Opposes
John Kennedy
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ER & United Nations
• First Delegate• Wrote Human
Rights Declaration
• Ambassador to the world
• Most famous American woman in the 20th century
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Eleanor Roosevelt
• Great Depression
• WWII
• United Nations
• Resources:– PBS documentary– FDR/ER presidential library– The ER Papers at GWU– Robert Cohen, Dear Mrs.
Roosevelt: Letters from Children of the Great Depression 2002