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Emergency and Transitional Shelter Concepts

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Definition of terms

1. What is “emergency shelter”?

2. What is “transitional shelter”?

3. What are “household NFIs”?

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Emergency Shelter…

1. What is “emergency shelter”?

The provision of basic and immediate shelter needs necessary to ensure the survival of disaster affected persons

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Emergency Shelter…

…includes ‘rapid response’ solutions such as tents, insulation materials, other temporary emergency shelter solutions, and shelter related non-food items.

IFRC “Emergency Shelter Cluster: Contingency Planning Process

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Transitional Shelter

1. What is “emergency shelter”?

2. What is “transitional shelter”?

Transitional shelter provides:

• a habitable covered living space

• a secure, healthy living environment

• privacy and dignity for those living within it

• sheltering during the period between a conflict or natural disaster and the achievement of a durable shelter solution

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Household NFIs

1. What is “emergency shelter”?

2. What is “transitional shelter”?

3. What are household NFIs? Items necessary to create shelter,

including blankets, mattresses, flooring, stoves, water containers, clothing, cooking sets, sometimes tents and construction materials

7Transition settlement: displaced populations

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Priorities of non-food items in cold climates

Survivor

1 Clothes, blankets

2 Roof

3 Mattress4 Wind proofing

5 Stove & fuel

6 Insulated floor

7 Insulated roof

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Shelter materials

Roof coverings: thatch, clay tiles, CGI metal sheeting, concrete, plastic sheeting, woven bamboo

Walls/structure: stones, adobe mud brick, clay bricks, steel beams, reinforced concrete, bamboo, reed mats

Floors: earth, concrete, brick

Humanitarian timber project

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Materials: Roofing

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Materials: Structure/Walls

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Household NFIs

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Shelter-to-housing process

Time line

Disaster/emergency

Emergencyshelter

Transitional shelter

Permanentreconstruction

Emergency phase

Transition phase

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Emergency to Permanent

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Shelter options: Dispersed settlement

Host family

Urban self-settlement

Rural self-settlement

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Shelter options:Grouped settlement

Collective centres

Self-settled camps

Planned camps

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Household non-food items (NFIs)- cooking sets, blankets, etc.

Shelter non-food items (NFIs)- construction timber, tools, etc.

Transitional shelter- habitable, covered, healthy, secure, private living space achievement of a durable shelter solution

Community labour- for simple design projects and traditions of self-building

Contracted labour- for large or complex projects, infrastructure

Direct labour- for small projects and rapid response

Cash- dispersed directly to beneficiaries in phases

Vouchers- an alternative to cash for materials or services

Loans and guarantees- when there is stable access to supplies and repayment is feasible

Local information centres- for info throughout the response

Capacity building- integrates training

Technical expertise- to support all assistance methods

12 common assistance approaches•145

From Shelter Centre, Shelter Training 08b, Nov. 2008

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Instant Assessment

In the following photos

• What are the environmental implications of the information?

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What is impact of the disaster on the environment?

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What is the impact of the emergency response on the environment?

Mud Slide Colombia Photos CHFMSF, Bangladesh 2007

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What is the impact of the emergency response on the environment?

Transporting wood to camp IDP shelters, Panjwai, Kandahar, Afghanistan, Afghanistan 2003

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What is the impact of the emergency response on the environment?

Emergency shelter Kenya, 2007: CHF International

Emergency shelter Haiti 2008

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Emergency shelters examples

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What is the impact of the NFI distribution on the environment?

fuel for distribution, Maslack camp, Herat, Afghanistan, Afghanistan 2002

stoves for distribution, Maslack camp, Herat, Afghanistan, Afghanistan 2002

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What is the impact of the transitional shelter response on the environment?

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Transitional shelter example

Photos CHF

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Permanent housing examples

Architecture for Humanity, Sri Lanka Architecture for Humanity, Bam, Iran

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Exercise: Environmental implications

See page __

• Divide into four groups

• Each group will be assigned a specific disaster phase and one or two of the shelter types for displaced populations

• Each group will analyze the environmental issues or implications for their shelter type for that stage of disaster response

• Consider what natural resources are used and where the resources come from

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Exercise: Environmental implications

Shelter type Immediate emergency response

Emergency Shelter

Transitional Shelter

Permanent Shelter

Host families Group A

Rural self-settled Group B

Urban self-settled & Collective centres (mass shelters)

Group C

Self-settled camps & Planned camps

Group D

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Key Points

1. The primary role of the Environmental Advisor is to be an effective advocate for practical shelter solutions that have the least possible negative environmental impact.

2. Transitional shelter should be made of materials that can be moved and reused.

3. Optimize use of debris to use it as resource of building materials and to clear site.

4. The Emergency Shelter Cluster may assist in setting up an IDP camp, but transition and resettlement is not within the mandate of the ESC.

5. Build back safer and build back sustainably