1 - English Grammar

8/9/2019 1 - English Grammar

1/38

Does this book belongto you? Yes, it doesNo, it doesnt A short response hasthe same auxiliary.In negative not isusually contracted iththe verb!Does"not # doesnt

Did $ack tell you thenes ?

Yes, he didNo, he didnt

%ill &ue be heretomorro ?

Yes, she illNo, she ont

Are you a student? Yes, I am

No, I 'm not

(uestions &hort responses)anser

*nglish grammar

+. A short responses to yes)no-uestions

+


2/38

Are you student?

Is onnie at home ?

Are the student is inclass

%as Alex at the party?

Yes, I amNo, Im not

Yes, she isNo, &he isntNo, &hes not

Yes, they areNo, they are notNo, theyre not

Yes, he asNo, he asnt

I/ be is used in the-uestion, be is in theshort response.

I/ is or are is used in anegative response,there are to possiblecontractions

Questions Short responses/answer


3/38

+.0 (uestion %ords

%hen %hen did they arrive?%hen ill you come?

YesterdayNext 1onday

Asking time

%here %here is he ? At home Asking a place

(uestionAnser

%hy %hy did you stay athome?

ecause he assick

Aking a reason

2o 2o does he drive?2o did you come toschool?

3are/ullyy bus

Asking mannerAsking themethod

0


4/38

2o 2o much money does it

cost?2o old are you?2o cold is it?

2o soon can you getthere?

2o /ast ere youdriving?

2o long have you beenhere?2o o/ten do you rite

home?2o /ar is it to 1iami/rom here?

4en dollars

4elve4en belo 5eroIn ten minutes6i/ty miles anhour

4o years*very eek788 miles

2o is used ith

much andmoney2o is used ithad9ective andadverb

Asking length o/timeAsking /re-uencyAsking the

distance

%ho %ho can anser that-uestion?%ho came to visit you?

I can

$ane and *ric

Asking thesub9ect

(uestionAnser

:


5/38

%hom %ho;m< did you see?

%ho;m< are you visiting?%ho;m< should I talk to?

I sa =eorge

1y relatives4he secretary

%hom is used as

the ob 9ec o/ averb orproposition. Inspoken english,hom is rarelyused.

%hose %hose book did youborro?%hose key is this?;%hose is this??

2is rudeness*verythingA pencilAbook

3hemistry and*nglish4he nesspecials

&ub9ect

b9ect

%hat sometimesaccompanies anoun

7


6/38

%hich I have to pens.%hich pen do you ant?%hich one do you ant?%hich do you ant?

%hich countries did he

visit on his trip?%hat coutries did he visiton his trip?

%hich class are you in?%hat class are you in?

4he blue one %hich is usedinstead o/ hat a-uestionconcernschoosing /rom ade@nite, knon

-uantity orgroup

(uestion Anser


7/38

B


8/38

Statement Question word Auxiliary Verb SubjectMain verb

&he lives there. Does she live there ?

%here does she live ?

2e is living there Is he living there?

%here is he living ?4hey have lived

there 2ave they lived there ?

%here have they lived ?

*N=CI&2 =A11A

Yes)No in/ormation -uestions

E


9/38

*nglish =rammarStatement Question word Auxiliary VerbSubject Main verb

$ohn lives there. %holives there?

1ary came %hocame ?

$im as there. %here as $im ?

F


10/38

G H&IN= *J*&&IN 6 (HAN4I4Y

&ingular verb

Jlural verb

G0 H&IN= &IN=HCA %D&

&ome o/ the books is good &ome o/ the books are goodA lot o/ the e-uipment is ne A lot o/ my /riends are here

4he number o/ students in thisclass is +7

A number o/ students ere late

*very studenthas been invited.*very man,oman, andchild needs loveandunderstanding.

*very and eachre-uires singularverbsNoun /olloingevery and eachshould besingular

*verybody is

here

*verybody and

everyone alays+8


11/38

4he nes isincreasing

4he united statesis a big country

4hose people are/rom 3anada

4he police havebeen called

Nes # singular4he united states# singularJolice # plural

*ight hours o/

sleep is enough*ach o/ thestudents has aschedule

*verybody ishere

*xpression o/

time,money,anddistance areusually singular*veryone,

everybody issingular

2-5 Some irreularities Sinular!lural

++


12/38

*ight hours o/sleep is enough.

4en dollars is toomuch to pay.6ive thousandmiles is too /ar totravel.

*xpression o/time, money,and distance areusually singular.

1athematics is

easy /or her&tatistics is a@eld o/ study

4he statistics inthat report arenot accurate

Noun ending in K

ics take singularverbs hen theyre/er to an areao/ study, e.g..

Jhysics,economics,

Sinular

!lural

+


13/38

3hinese is adiLcult language6rench is spokenin manycountries

4he 3hinese arekind and /riendly

4he 6rench are/amous /or theirgood ine

3hinese #language

4he3hinese#people

4he poor havemany problems

4he rich getricher

&ometimes aord that isusually anad9ective is used

as anounre/ering topeople that hasthis -uality

Sinular!lural

+0


14/38

!at """ Some sinular-!lural

usae nouns2-#$ "rreular noun plurals

aby K babiesDuty G duties

Candlady G landladies%i/e K ives

4hie/ Kthieves&hel/ G shelves

Dish K dishes3hurche K churches3lass K classes

+:


15/38

ox K boxes

4omato K tomatoes2ero K heroes1os-uito Kmos-uitoes

3hild K children

6oot K /eet=oose K geeseCouse K lice1an K men

1ouse K miceK

+7


16/38

4ooth K teeth%oman K omen

Deer K deer6ish K @sh&heep K sheep&pecies Kspecies

1eans K means&eries K series

&ingular /orm is thesame as plural /orm

Analysis K analysesasis K bases

3risis K crises4hesis K theses2ypothesis Khypotheses

Jarinthesis G +


17/38

Datum K data

acterium K bacteriaNucleus K nucleiadius K radii6ormula K /ormulae

>ita KvitaeIndixes K indicesAppendix Gappendices

+B


18/38

G+ H&IN= A 6*% AND 6*%, ACI44C* ANDCI44C*

3HN4&he has beenhere only /orto eeks, but

she hasalready madea /e /riends.;positive idea :

she has madesome friends)

NN3HN4I am verypleased. Ivebeen able to

save a littlemoney thismonth.;positive idea :

I have savedsome moneyinstead ofspending all ofit)

A /e and /eare used ithplural count

noun

A little andlittle are used

ith pluralnoncountnoun.

+E


19/38

3HN NHNI /eel sorry /orher. &he has/e /riends.

;Negativeidea ! she doeshave manyfriends: she

has almost nofriends 3(6

F


30/38

5-2 %!*%SS"&' A+"(",4 = A&> 3(6

&he can speak *nglish6ish cannot survive out o/ater

3an # is able to ;present 3'),,> )A6 +%,,%*

I should lose some eightI ought to lose someeight

You should study harder

You ought to study harder

1eaning ! 4his is goodidea. 4his is good adviceught to is pronouncedPottaQ

You shouldnt leave yourkey in the car.

4he gas tank is almost

empty. %e had better stopat the next servicestation.

You had better take care

o/ that cut on your hand,or it ill et in/ected

2ad better is usually closeto Pought toQ, or should,but had better ils usually

stronger 0:


35/38

5-#$ %!*%SS"& &%%SS",4 3S"&' MUST AND HAVE TOIN THE NEGATIVE

Jrohibition

You must not look in thecloset. Your birthday presentis hidden there.I must not /orget to take mykey ith me.

You must not tell anyone my

secret. Do you promise ?

1ust not #prohibition#dont do this.Cooking in thecloset isprohibited

Cacko/nece

ssity

I dont have to study to night.I think Ill atch television /ora hile.

4omorro is a holiday. %edont have to go to class

I can hear you. You dont

have to shout.

Do not have to #lack o/ necessityIt is not

necessary /or meto study tonight.I have already@nished myhomeork.

07


36/38

&hut the door&hut the door, please.Jlease shut the door.

4o tell someone to dosomething

4hey are used to giveorders or to make re-uests

Dont shut the door

Dont shut the door,please.Jlease dont shut the door

Jlease is o/ten added to

make polite re-uestinstead o/ giving theorders.Dont + simple form of

verbs&ometime wont you isadded as a tag -uestion tomake a polite re-uest.

e care/ulO Youll hurtyoursel/.

5-## "M!%*A,"V% S%&,%&%S

0


37/38

5-#2 MA?"&' S3''%S,"&S =LETS, WHY DONTWE, SHALL I/WECets go to a movieCets not go to a movie. Cetsstay home instead

Cets # let usCets is /olloed by thesimple /orm o/ a verb.

4he meaning o/ Cets #I have a suggestion /or

us.%hy dont e go to amovie ?

%hy dont you come aroundseven?%hy dont I give 1ary a call ?

4he same meaningith ! lets go to movie.I suggest that you

come around seven.

&hall I open the indo ?

&hall e leave at @ve ?

4he speaker is basically

making a suggestionand askin other0B


38/38

5-#. 3S"&' 6 1* %M!)AS"S

Do you speak &panish?No, I dont speak &panish,but I did speak 6rench.

4he teacher thinks I didnt

study /or the test, butthats not true. I did study O

You did tell me to be hereat ten, didnt you ?

3lass does begin at nine,doesnt it ?

0E

Documents

1 - English Grammar