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1
Getting Started on Your Literature Search (PC5198)
Part II13 March 2013
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Outline
• Patent fundamentals & sources
• Bibliography/Reference management software• EndNote• JabRef
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Patent literatureWhy search
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of current technical knowledge found inpatent documents cannot be found anywhere else
Up to
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/invest-in-research/pdf/download_en/patents_for_researchers.pdf
80%
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Reasons …
· Avoid duplication of R&D
· Determine patentability of your inventions
· Avoid patent infringements
· Identify key trends in technology development
· Gain business intelligence on competitors’innovative activities & strategies
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A set of exclusive rights given to the patent owner to enable him to prevent others from using, making or selling the invention covered by the patent in a country or region and for a specific period of time, generally not exceeding 20 years, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention.
What is a patent?
Protection Disclosure
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Intellectual Property
PatentsCopyright
© TM
Trademarks
®Trade secretsUnpublished
Apple® iPad®Google®
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Useful & have some form of practical application?
Obvious?
Patentability
New or different from what is already known?
NoveltyNon-
obviousUsefulne
ss
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Types of patents
Utility
New and useful process, machine, article of manufacture or composition of matter
Design
New, original & ornamental design for an article of manufacture
New & distinct, invented or discovered asexually reproduced plant
Plant
AppearanceFunctional aspects
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Patent application
National patent offices
E.g. • Intellectual Prop
erty Office of Singapore (IPOS)
• United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO)
Regionalpatent offices
E.g.European Patent Office (EPO)
Internationaltreaties
E.g. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) administers 2 international treaties:• Paris Convention
Entered in 1883, 174 contracting states
• Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)Entered in 1978, 144 contracting states
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Industry Liaison Officehttp://www.nus.edu.sg/ilo/index.html
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Patent Fields & Sections
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Title
Inventor information
Assignee information
Patent number
Patent filing date
Patent issue date
ClassificationReferenced patents
Abstract
Drawings
Background of the invention
Brief description of drawings
Detailed description of the preferred version of the invention
Claims
Source: Hitchcock (2009)
Cover page
“Claims” is the heart of a patent
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True or False
A patent gives its owner the right to practice the invention
A patent can be sold outright or licensed in exchange for a royalty
A patent owner can rely on law enforcement agencies to automatically prosecute someone who infringes the patented invention
Once the patent term is up, the invention is free for public use
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In-force patent Product X
Independent claim: Step A Step B Step C
Includes Step A Step C
Product Y
Includes Step A Step B Step C Step D Step E
Product Z
Includes Step A Step B Step D Step E
Not infringing
Infringing Not infringing
Possible to obtain a patent with A, B, C, D & E?Source: Ma, MY(2009)
Exclusive right & infringement
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OrPublish
your invention?
patent
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Searching forpatent information
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Published patent applications
Time lag of18 months in most casesPatent application
(Priority date)Publication of
patent application
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Sources of patents· National patent databases
• US Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) Search Patents > http://patft.uspto.gov/ Two databases:
PatFT: US Patent Full-Text and Image Database (1790 --)AppFT: US Patent Application Full-Text and Image Database (Mar 2001--)
Requires a browser plugin, TIFF
• Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS)ePatents, www.epatents.gov.sg/PE/ Coverage: Patent application & issued patents in Singapore
Other national patent databases:www.wipo.int/patentscope/en/dbsearch/national_databases.html
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· Regional/International patent databases
• European Patent Office (EPO) Espacenet, www.espacenet.com
Coverage: Over 70 million patent documents worldwide, including all WIPO PCT applications, entire collection of European patent applications as well as patent applications from over 90 countries
• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)Patents > PATENTSCOPE, www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/
Coverage: Published patent applications filed under the PCT (144 contracting states) & patent documents of participating National and Regional Patent Offices
Sources of patents
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· Free/Commercial websites
• Google Patents, www.google.com/patents Coverage: US issued patents (1790—present) & published applications
• PatSnap, www.patsnap.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/ Coverage: United States Issued & Application (1876 - current);European Patent Issued & Application (1976 - current); PCT/WIPO (1976 - current); China (1980 - current); Japan (1976 - current); Korea (1983 - current); Norway (2001 - current); and more than 70 countries' patent family documents through INPADOC
Sources of patents
Disadvantage: Time lag in integrating contents from source databases
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Patent classification systems
· International Patent Classification (IPC)Administered by WIPOhttp://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/en/
· US Patent Classification (UPC)Administered by USPTO; not compatible with IPChttp://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/
· European Patent Classification (ECLA)Administered by EPO, an extension of the IPChttp://ep.espacenet.com/help?locale=en_EP&method=handleHelpTopic&topic=ecla
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International patent classification
Section G PhysicsClasses G02 Optics
Subclasses G02B Optical elements, systems, or apparatus
Groups G02B 3/00 Simple or compound lenses
Subgroups G02B3/10 . Bifocal lenses; Multifocal lenses
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US Patent Classification
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Combination of keywords & classifications
Perform a preliminary keyword search
Review results for relevance
Extract the relevant patent classes
Search tips
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Assignee or Inventor : last name-first name-initial$ : Right truncation, at least 3 character infront“ ” : Phrase searching
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Quick Search
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Advanced Search
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Searching by Class977/734
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PatSnapOne time registration http://linc.nus.edu.sg/record=b2711099
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Full text: US, EP, WO, CN Bibliographic only: JP, KR, NO
Search interface
Boolean: AND, OR, NOTWildcard: ? (single char), *Proximity: ~
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Patent document
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Patent analysis
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Patent analysis
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Patent analysis
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• Adams, Stephen R. (2012). Information sources in patents. Berlin ; Boston, MA.[Call no.: T210 Ada 2012]
• Hitchcock, D. (2009). Patent searching made easy: : how to do patent searches on the Internet & in the library. Berkeley, CA : Nolo [Call no.: T210 Hit 2009]
• Ma, M. Y. (2009). Fundamentals of patenting and licensing for scientistsand engineers. [Call no.: KF3114.85 Ma 2009]
Ebook version @ http://linc.nus.edu.sg/search~S16/i=9789812834201
• Pressman, D. (2009). Patent it yourself: your step-by-step guide to filing at the U.S. Patent Office. Berkeley, Calif. : Nolo. [Call no.: KF3114.85 Pre 2009]
NUS Libraries Patents Guide, http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/patents
Patent resources