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Globalization Challenges to Database Community
Rajeev Rastogi
Executive Director
Bell Labs Research India
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Bell Labs Research India
Launched in October 2004
Focus: Computing & Communication Software
Low-Cost Networking
Network Monitoring
Data Analysis
Distributed Computing
3G Wireless Applications
Motivation:
Access to global talent
Access to global markets
- India, China: a third of world’s population
- New products to penetrate markets
Cost savings
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Impact, Challenges
Impact– High-end R&D jobs, better pay
• Reverse brain drain: many returning to avail opportunities back home
– Spreading research culture, should boost PhD enrollments• Internet enables research to be done from anywhere!
– New research challenges driven by needs of developing countries
Challenges– Recruiting
• Very few quality PhDs graduate each year from Indian universities
– Defining an independent research agenda
– Staying connected to US (email, netmeeting do help!)
– Coping with poor infrastructure: roads, traffic, power,….
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Does Globalization really require us to solve new (research) problems?My addresses in India
Bell Labs Research India,Lucent Technologies India Pvt Ltd.,Salarpuria Ascent 3rd Floor,No. 77, Jyoti Nivas College Road,Koramangala Industrial Layout,Ward No. 68,Bangalore - 560 095,Karnataka, India
Work
202 Vaswani Exotica,#3 Papanna Street,Off St. Marks Road,Bangalore: 560001,Karnataka, India
Home
Street name
State Zip
Country
US address format
My personal challenge: Getting these to fit into this
City
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So what else is different about India?
740 million people live in rural villages Low incomes: monthly per-capita income - $17.50 Low literacy: 60% Unreliable power: frequent outages Low teledensity: 1.5 phones per 100 people Low PC penetration Very few Internet users 22 official languages
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These lead to new research challenges….
Low-cost computing devices
Data access using cell phones
Low-cost networks
Data access over unreliable wireless meshes
User interfaces for illiterate people
Multi-lingual information storage, retrieval, and search
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Current low-cost PC efforts One Laptop Per Child (MIT Media Labs - $100 PC) Eduwise (Intel) Simputer (Picopeta)
Distinctive features Thin-clients (network computing),
open-source, low power displays
Widespread adoption?
Meanwhile… 100m mobile subscribers in India growing at 5m a month! 500m mobile subscribers in China growing at 6m a month! By 2010, 3.7b worldwide (1.5b 2.5G and above) cell phone subscribers! Cell phone costs coming down dramatically (< $50)
Could cell phones be the-low cost computing devices of the future?
* Source: Pyramid Research
Research Challenge 1: Low-Cost Computing Devices
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Research Challenge 2: Data Access using Cell Phones
Cell phones have many constraints Low bandwidth (few 10s or 100s of Kbps) On 2G phones, communication using SMS messages (max size: 160) Limited memory, battery
Possible solutions to conserve bandwidth:
Broadcasts [Imielinski etal, Acharya etal]
Query: Find dealer offering max price for wheat in neighboring villages
–Broadcast max price dealer in each village
–Compute max among neighbors on cell phone
Concise answers (e.g. Skylines)
Villages
Radio tower
Broadcast
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Research Challenge 3: Low-Cost Networks
Possible solution: 802.11 mesh networks [TIER, DGP]
– Low-cost due to competitive mass production
– Directional antennas for long-distance communication
Major challenge: Interference, need clever ways to
– Assign frequency channels
– Schedule link transmissions
Wireline & cellular technologies too expensive for Internet connectivity
Interference
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Research Challenge 4: Data Access over Unreliable Wireless Meshes
Data cache
Nodes are power-constrained, may be down due to unreliable power
Minimize communication to conserve power
– Cache items based on access patterns
– Batch queries, route results along steiner tree
Route around power outages to maximize throughput
– DTNs [Fall 03]
Data center
Data center
Data cache
Kiosk
Queries
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Research Challenge 5: User Interfaces for Illiterate People
Text-based interfaces do not work
Need to explore other interfaces
– Speech
– Visual (images, video)
Benefits
– Language independent, global
Challenges
– Voice based system needs to learn many accents and dialects
– Visual interfaces have limited vocabulary (compared to text)
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Research Challenge 6: Multi-lingual Storage, Retrieval, and Search
Native English speaking population on internet only 35%
Databases already support multi-lingual data using unicode
Challenge:
– Support search in many languages over content in many languages
Possible solution
– Translate search keywords to various languages and then search
Challenge
– Need search capability for non-English languages
– Translations (dictionary, phonetic) need to preserve meaning/intent