1 http://bellaonthebeach.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/water.jpg
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 2
2 Water Availability The tendency of water to determine whether
an organism tends to lose or gain water from its environment.
____________ important factor! BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology
Water
Slide 3
3 Water Content of Air ___________ accounts for much of water
lost by terrestrial organisms. As water vapor in the air increases,
the water concentration gradient from organisms to air is
__________, thus evaporative loss is decreased. Would you buy a
swamp cooler to help you keep cool in the cypress swamps of
southern U.S.? BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 4
4 Water Content of Air Relative Humidity: ________________ is
measured as the water vapor per unit volume of air.
_____________________________ is measured as the quantity of water
vapor air can potentially hold. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology
Water
Slide 5
5 Water Content of Air Total Atmospheric Pressure Water Vapor
Pressure Saturation Water Vapor Pressure Vapor Pressure Deficit
BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 6
6 Evaporative Water Loss BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology
Water A high vpd indicates that the H2O vapor content of air is
Where the vpd is high, the rate of evaporative H2O loss by
organisms is A low vpd indicates that the H2O vapor content of air
is Where the vpd is low, the rate of evaporative H2O loss by
organisms is
Slide 7
7 Water Movement in Aquatic Environments Water moves down
concentration gradient. Water is more concentrated in Aquatic
organisms can be viewed as an ______________ bounded by a _______
_______________ floating in an another ______________________. BIOL
3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 8
8 Water Movement in Aquatic Environments If two environments
differ in water or salt concentrations, substances will tend to
move Diffusion Osmosis: BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology
Water
Slide 9
9 Water Movement in Aquatic Environment ____________: Body
fluids and external fluid are at the same concentration.
____________: Body fluids are at a higher concentration than the
external environment. ____________: Body fluids are at a lower
concentration than the external environment. BIOL 3240 Plant and
Animal Ecology Water
Slide 10
10 BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 11
11 BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 12
12 BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 13
13 Water and Salt Balance in Aquatic Environments Freshwater
Fish and Invertebrates Hyperosmotic organisms that Replace ________
by absorbing sodium and chloride at base of gill filaments and by
ingesting food. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 14
14 Osmoregulation by Freshwater Organisms BIOL 3240 Plant and
Animal Ecology Water
Slide 15
15 Osmoregulation by Marine Organisms BIOL 3240 Plant and
Animal Ecology Water What happens with H 2 O in hypoosmotic bony
fish? What happens with salts in hypoosmotic bony fish? How do
hypoosmotic bony fish compensate?
Slide 16
16 Water and Salt Balance in Aquatic Environments Marine Fish
and Invertebrates __________ organisms do not have to expend energy
overcoming osmotic gradient. Sharks, skates, rays - Slowly gain
water osmotically. Marine bony fish are strongly hypoosmotic, thus
need to BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 17
17 Water Movement Between Soils and Plants Water moving between
soil and plants flows... ______________ () is the capacity to
perform work. Dependent on free energy content. Pure Water =. in
nature generally ____________. solute measures the reduction in due
to BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 18
18 BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water ? ? ? ? ? ?
Slide 19
19 Water Movement Between Soils and Plants plant = solute +
matrix + pressure ______________: Waters tendency to adhere to
container walls. pressure is the reduction in water potential due
to negative pressure created by As long as plant < soil, water
flows from BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 20
20 Water Regulation on Land Terrestrial organisms face (2)
major challenges: BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 21
21 Water Regulation on Land - Animals BIOL 3240 Plant and
Animal Ecology Water
Slide 22
22 Water Regulation on Land - Animals W ia = W d + W f + W a -
W e - W s W ia = W d = W f = W a = W e = W s = BIOL 3240 Plant and
Animal Ecology Water
Slide 23
23 Water Acquisition by Animals Most terrestrial animals
satisfy their water needs via Can also be gained via ______________
through oxidation of glucose: ________________________ refers to
the water released during cellular respiration. BIOL 3240 Plant and
Animal Ecology Water
Slide 24
24 Water Regulation on Land - Plants BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal
Ecology Water Water is lost via what mechanism(s)? How might Water
be gained? Water is lost via what mechanism(s) due to wind? How
might Water be gained?
Slide 25
25 Water Regulation on Land - Plants Wip= Wr + Wa - Wt - Ws W
ip = W r = W a = W t = W s = BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology
Water
Slide 26
26 Water Acquisition by Plants Extent of plant root development
often reflects differences in water availability. Deeper roots
often help plants Park found supportive evidence via studies
conducted on common Japanese grasses, Digitaria adscendens and
Eleusine indica. BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 27
27 Water Conservation by Plants and Animals Many terrestrial
organisms equipped with _______________________. Concentrated
_______________. __________________________ in breath.
__________________________ to avoid stress times.
___________________ in response to drought. BIOL 3240 Plant and
Animal Ecology Water
Slide 28
28 BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water How is heat gain
reduced? How is H 2 O loss decreased? How is heat gain
reduced?
Slide 29
29 Dissimilar Organisms with Similar Approaches to Desert Life
Camels Can withstand water loss up to ___%. Saguaro Cactus Trunk /
arms act as... Dense network of shallow roots. WHY? BIOL 3240 Plant
and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 30
30 Two Arthropods with Opposite Approaches to Desert Life
Scorpions BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
Slide 31
31 Cicadas (Diceroprocta apache) How?
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http://www.canyouseethesunset.com/uploaded_images/cicada-2.jpg BIOL
3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Water
