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1
HVACR – Refrigeration
Safety
2
Pressure Safety
• Dangerous pressure buildup can occur with increases in vessel temperature. Avoid potentially dangerous situations by:− Storing refrigerant cylinders in the
upright position.− Moving larger cylinders only when the
protective cap is in place.− Securing larger cylinders to carts
specially designed for moving cylinders.− Wearing gloves and eye protection at all
times.
3
• Take precautions to prevent tanks from falling over. The valve stem may break off, causing the tank to become a projectile.
Pressure Safety
4
Electrical Safety
• Exercise caution when working on or around electrical circuits. Uncontrolled electric current flow can result in electrical shocks or burns.
• Follow lock out/tag out procedures.• Exercise caution when working on live
circuits.• Avoid contact with energized
conductors.
5
Electrical Safety
• Shock occurs when you become a part of an electrical circuit.
• The severity of shock depends on voltage, current, and the path the current takes as it flows through the body.
• Current flow through the heart can be fatal.
• Always wear insulated boots, and never stand in water while working on equipment.
6
Ground Protection
• Grounding wires provide protection from electric shock, since they provide an alternative path for current to take.
• All tools should be properly grounded.• Never use tools that have damaged or
missing ground prongs.
7
Line
Neutral
• Ungrounded tools have two prongs: One supplies line voltage to the tool and the other is neutral.
• If the tool becomes grounded, current can flow through the tool and through the user to ground, causing shock.
Ground Protection
8
LineNeutral
Ground
• Grounded tools have three prongs.
• If the tool becomes grounded, the current will flow to ground through the ground prong, protecting the user.
Ground Protection
9
Ground Safety
• If wall outlets have only two connections and the tool has three prongs, use an adapter.
• Plastic-cased (plastic handled) tools are double-insulated, and often have only two prongs.
• Battery-operated tools are convenient and safer.
• Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) sense small electrical leaks to ground.
10
Electrical Safety
• Metallic jewelry conducts electricity; avoid wearing metal jewelry while working on electric circuits.
• Never use a screwdriver in an electrical panel when the power is on.
• Burns can result from electric sparks.
11
GROUND
TERMINAL BLOCK
L1 L2
• Electrical sparks, electrical shock, or burns can result if the screwdriver slips and makes contact between a hot terminal and ground.
Electrical Safety
12
Ladder Safety
• Use non-conducting ladders, preferably fiberglass or wood.
• Place ladders on level, stable surfaces.• Never use damaged ladders.• Be sure ladders are free of oil, grease,
and other slipping hazards.• Be sure ladders have slip-resistant
feet.• Secure the ladder in place whenever
possible.
13
Heat-related Safety
• Keep torches away from combustible materials.
• Always keep a fire extinguisher nearby when working with flammable materials.
• Use a fire shield when soldering near combustibles.
14
Heat-related Safety
• Never solder tubing on a sealed system.
• Take proper precautions when working near hot pipes and motors. Burns can result from improper handling of materials.
• Take proper precautions against heat-related illness when working indoors (attics, etc.) or outdoors in extreme heat.
15
Cold-related Safety
• Excessive cold can be as dangerous as excessive heat.
• Liquid refrigerant can cause frostbite. (R-22 boils at -41°F at atmospheric pressure).
• Wear warm clothing and waterproof boots when working in cold, wet environments, whether outdoors or in low-temperature freezers.
16
Mechanical Equipment Safety
• Never wear loose fitting clothing or jewelry around moving machinery parts. These items can get caught up in pulleys, belts, and fans, resulting in serious injury.
• Always use eye protection when working on or around machinery.
17
• Never try to stop moving machinery by hand!
Mechanical Equipment Safety
18
Moving Heavy Objects
• Observe standard safety practices when moving heavy or awkward objects:− Get help from a co-worker when possible.− Use hand trucks or other equipment
whenever possible (e.g., pry bars, dollies, carts).
19
Moving Heavy Objects
• Observe standard safety practices, cont’d:− Use proper lifting techniques at all times.
Lift with the legs (knees bent), not the back muscles. Never twist from the waist while carrying items; rotate the entire body in the direction you wish to go.
− Wear protective lifting gear when possible (back brace, gloves, etc.)
20
Working with Refrigerants
• ASHRAE Standard 34-1992 addresses refrigerant toxicity and flammability. Familiarize yourself with this standard.
• Ensure proper ventilation when servicing any type of HVACR unit.
21
Working with Refrigerants
• If special leak detectors and alarms are in place for certain applications, be sure these detectors are functioning properly.
• Refrigerant gases are heavier than air; these gases displace oxygen, and can suffocate a technician in an enclosed space.
• Always work in a well-ventilated area, using the proper safety equipment.
• Caution: Avoid breathing in refrigerant vapors.
22
Chemical Safety
• Chemicals are used to clean condensers, evaporators, and other equipment; they are also used for water treatment.
• Use extreme caution when handling all workplace chemicals. Follow manufacturer’s directions for proper use and disposal. If accidental exposure occurs, follow manufacturer’s first aid guidelines.
23
Unit Summary
• Pressure, electricity, ladders, heat, cold, moving machinery, heavy objects and chemicals can present workplace hazards. Carefully observe all safety precautions in the workplace, including:−Avoid pressure buildup in and improper
storage of equipment.−Follow lockout and tag out procedures.−Ensure proper grounding of electric
circuits.
24
Unit Summary
• Observe safety precautions, cont’d:−Ensure that all equipment is safe to use
(ladders, etc.).−Take care when working in extreme heat
or cold.−Exercise caution around moving
machinery parts.−Follow manufacturer’s instructions for
proper use and storage of chemicals.