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HVACR216 - HydronicsHVACR216 - Hydronics
Hydronic HeatingHydronic Heating
2Hydronic Heating SystemsHydronic Heating Systems
• Hydronic heating systems rely on circulating water or steam to deliver heat to the remote locations where warming of a space is desired.
• Hydronic heating systems rely on circulating water or steam to deliver heat to the remote locations where warming of a space is desired.
3Hydronic Heating Systems Hydronic Heating Systems
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Hydronic Heating SystemsHydronic Heating Systems
5The Heat SourceThe Heat Source
• Heat energy is transferred from the heat source (burners) to the water in the boiler.
– There are two different types of boilers on the market today.
• High mass• Low mass
• Heat energy is transferred from the heat source (burners) to the water in the boiler.
– There are two different types of boilers on the market today.
• High mass• Low mass
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The Heat SourceThe Heat Source
• Cast iron (high mass) boilers are most commonly boiler found in residential applications.
– Residential cast iron boilers typically hold
between 10 - 15 gallons of water.
• Cast iron (high mass) boilers are most commonly boiler found in residential applications.
– Residential cast iron boilers typically hold
between 10 - 15 gallons of water.
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Cast iron (high mass) boilerCast iron (high mass) boiler
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Cast iron (high mass) boilerCast iron (high mass) boiler
• The boiler manufacturer supplies us with a booklet that is sent with the boiler.
• It is important that these instructions are followed when the boiler is installed.
• This booklet also contains information about proper boiler maintenance or troubleshooting.
• The boiler manufacturer supplies us with a booklet that is sent with the boiler.
• It is important that these instructions are followed when the boiler is installed.
• This booklet also contains information about proper boiler maintenance or troubleshooting.
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The Heat SourceThe Heat Source
• Stainless steel (low mass) boilers are gaining popularity due to the higher efficiencies being obtained today by many different manufacturers.
– Low mass boilers hold between 4 - 7 gallons of water.
• Stainless steel (low mass) boilers are gaining popularity due to the higher efficiencies being obtained today by many different manufacturers.
– Low mass boilers hold between 4 - 7 gallons of water.
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Low mass boilerLow mass boiler
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Hydronic controlsHydronic controls
• Thermostat
– The heating thermostat, whether it is a modern digital, snap action or mercury bulb type, is a close on temperature drop device.
• Thermostat
– The heating thermostat, whether it is a modern digital, snap action or mercury bulb type, is a close on temperature drop device.
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Thermostat typesThermostat types
• Digital Snap action Mercury bulb
• Digital Snap action Mercury bulb
13Hydronic controlsHydronic controls
• Aquastat
– The Aquastat is a temperature-sensing switch that is responsible for cycling the boiler on and off to keep the water in the boiler close to the desired temperature.
– It may be strapped onto a pipe or immersed in the water via a well.
• Aquastat
– The Aquastat is a temperature-sensing switch that is responsible for cycling the boiler on and off to keep the water in the boiler close to the desired temperature.
– It may be strapped onto a pipe or immersed in the water via a well.
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Aquastat typesAquastat types
• Immersion Strap-on Triple • Immersion Strap-on Triple
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Low Water CutoffLow Water Cutoff
• The Low Water Cutoff is responsible for de-energizing the combustion operation in the event the water level in the system falls below the desired level established by the manufacturer.
• The Low Water Cutoff is a safety device that code officials require to be installed on all hydronic systems.
• The Low Water Cutoff can be a stand alone device or a built in part to the Aquastat.
• The Low Water Cutoff is responsible for de-energizing the combustion operation in the event the water level in the system falls below the desired level established by the manufacturer.
• The Low Water Cutoff is a safety device that code officials require to be installed on all hydronic systems.
• The Low Water Cutoff can be a stand alone device or a built in part to the Aquastat.
16Low Water CutoffLow Water Cutoff
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High limit switchHigh limit switch
• Manual reset high limit switches are required in light commercial applications.
• Manual reset high limit switches are required in light commercial applications.
18Circulator PumpsCirculator Pumps
• The circulator pump is used to move water throughout the hydronic system.
• The circulator pump is also called a centrifugal pump.
• The centrifugal pump is made up of a motor, a linkage and an impeller.
• The circulator pump is used to move water throughout the hydronic system.
• The circulator pump is also called a centrifugal pump.
• The centrifugal pump is made up of a motor, a linkage and an impeller.
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Circulator pump styles and brandsCirculator pump styles and brands
• Taco 007 Taco 110 Grundfoss • Taco 007 Taco 110 Grundfoss
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Circulator locationCirculator location
• Early circulators were large and heavy. The easiest place to mount them was on the return piping close to the boiler.
• Modern locations for a circulator is on the supply piping just beyond the air eliminator and the expansion tank.
• Early circulators were large and heavy. The easiest place to mount them was on the return piping close to the boiler.
• Modern locations for a circulator is on the supply piping just beyond the air eliminator and the expansion tank.
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Pump control panelsPump control panels
• Circulator pump panels (switching relays) control the operation of multiple pumps (zones) at one time.
– A thermostat located in the space to be heated calls for heat and the zone panel turns on the correct circulator for that space.
• Circulator pump panels (switching relays) control the operation of multiple pumps (zones) at one time.
– A thermostat located in the space to be heated calls for heat and the zone panel turns on the correct circulator for that space.
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Taco zoning controlsTaco zoning controls
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Zone valvesZone valves
• Zone valves are sometimes used to allow or dis-allow water from flowing through a system.
• Zone valves are either directly controlled by a thermostat or a zone panel
• Zone valves are sometimes used to allow or dis-allow water from flowing through a system.
• Zone valves are either directly controlled by a thermostat or a zone panel
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Zone valve brandsZone valve brands
• Taco Honeywell B & G• Taco Honeywell B & G
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Cut-away picture of a zone valveCut-away picture of a zone valve
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Zone valve panelsZone valve panels
• Zone valves can also be controlled by a panel much like the circulator pumps.
• Zone valves can also be controlled by a panel much like the circulator pumps.
27Non-electrical componentsNon-electrical components
• Expansion Tanks
– There are two types of expansion tanks• Standard expansion tank
– Nothing more than a large tank located somewhere above the boiler.
• Diaphragm expansion tank–Divided into two sections separated by a
rubber, semi-permeable membrane.–One side of the tank contains air and the
other side is open to the water circuit.
• Expansion Tanks
– There are two types of expansion tanks• Standard expansion tank
– Nothing more than a large tank located somewhere above the boiler.
• Diaphragm expansion tank–Divided into two sections separated by a
rubber, semi-permeable membrane.–One side of the tank contains air and the
other side is open to the water circuit.
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Modern diaphragm expansion tank with air scoop
and vent.Modern diaphragm expansion tank with air scoop
and vent.
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Automatic water feedAutomatic water feed
• Automatically maintains the preset water pressure in the system.
• Usually 12-14 psi
• Automatically maintains the preset water pressure in the system.
• Usually 12-14 psi
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Combination Auto Feed and Backflow PreventerCombination Auto Feed and Backflow Preventer
The backflow preventer allows water flow only in one direction similar to a check valve.
Its very common to see the backflow preventer and the water feeder together like this.
The backflow preventer allows water flow only in one direction similar to a check valve.
Its very common to see the backflow preventer and the water feeder together like this.
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Pressure-reducing ValvePressure-reducing Valve
• Another name for the water feeder is the pressure reducing valve.
• The pressure-reducing valve automatically lowers the pressure of the supply water to the pressure at which the boiler is designed to maintain.
• Another name for the water feeder is the pressure reducing valve.
• The pressure-reducing valve automatically lowers the pressure of the supply water to the pressure at which the boiler is designed to maintain.
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Pressure reducing valvePressure reducing valve
33Pressure Relief ValvePressure Relief Valve
• The pressure relief valve is designed to open if the pressure in the system reaches the set point on the valve.
– The is the most important safety device installed on a hydronic system.
• The pressure relief valve is designed to open if the pressure in the system reaches the set point on the valve.
– The is the most important safety device installed on a hydronic system.
34Pressure Relief ValvePressure Relief Valve
35Flow-Control ValveFlow-Control Valve
• The flow-control valve controls flow in a hydronic system.
• The flow control valve is also called a check valve or flow check.
• The flow-control valve controls flow in a hydronic system.
• The flow control valve is also called a check valve or flow check.
36Flow-Control Valve typesFlow-Control Valve types
37Balancing ValveBalancing Valve
• Balancing valves are used to even the water flow through each branch of the circuit.
• Balancing valves are installed in each branch of the circuit and are manually adjusted.
• Balancing valves are used to even the water flow through each branch of the circuit.
• Balancing valves are installed in each branch of the circuit and are manually adjusted.
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Balancing ValveBalancing Valve