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I. Water Supply Networks and Facilities

Topic I.6. Groundwater Intakes: Kinds, Structures and Peculiarities

Kinds of Groundwater Intakes

General classification:

I According to position in the space (lay-out)

Vertical

Horizontal

Combine

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Kinds of Groundwater Intakes

II. According to the structure

Drilled wells - D = 15 - 100 cm

Shaft (large) wells - D = 1 - 6 m

Ray wells (Ranney type, wells with horizontal ray drainage

pipes)

Drainage galleries

Spring water catches

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Drilled well parts

(scheme)

1 - casing pipes

2 - filter

3 - settling part

4 - drop pipe

5 - well head

6 - outlet pipe

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Drilled wells filters

а - Perforated pipes with circle holes г - wire-net filters

б - Perforated pipes with rectangular holes д - send filters

b - wire filters

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Hydraulic scheme

of an ideal well

R - radius of influence

H - water table height

Cт.BH - static water table

(level)

ДBH - dynamic water

table (level)

h - piezometric head

s - depression (funnel)

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Gravity water withdraw from the drilled wells(scheme)1 - Gravity withdrawing pipe 2 - Receiving (collecting) well

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Siphon water withdraw from the drilled wells (scheme)1 - Siphon withdrawing pipe 3 - vacuum vehicle

2 - Receiving (collecting) well

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Receiving (collecting) well

1 - Siphon withdrawing pipe

2 - Suction pipe

3 - vacuum vehicle

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Drilled wells

equipment (scheme)

a - with vertical pumps

б, - with horizontal pumps

1 - well mouth

2 - electric motor

3 - vacuum valve

4 - check and stop valves

5 - differential manometer

6 - exhausting pipe

7 - pump

8 - manometer

9 - casing pipe

10 - suction basket

11 - ventilation

12 - control panel

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Shaft well (scheme)

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Orifices in the shaft wells walls

a - horizontal б - declined b - vertical г - combined

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Shaft well parts

(scheme)

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Rey well

(scheme)

1 - vertical (well) pump

2 - drainage pipe (ray)

3 - drained aquifer body

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Horizontal drainage galleries

1 - drainage gallery 3 - manhole

2 - conduit pipe 4 - receiving chamber

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Horizontal drainage galleries

1 - concrete wall 2 - coarse gravel fine gravel 4 - cley

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Springs kinds (schemes)

a - possible locations of springs b - declined spring (spread, concentrated)

б - Karst spring г - inclined spring (spread, concentrated)

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Declined spread

spring water catch

1 - water (wet) chamber

2 - service (dry) chamber

3 - drainage filter

4 - dense clay

5 - embankment

6 - ventilation pipe

7 - water feeding pipe

8 - exhausting pipe

9 - overflow drain

10 - drainage pipe

11 - stop valve

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Concentrated spring

water catchesa - Declined

б - Inclined

1 - cracked rocs

2 - water collecting chamber

3 - water storage (feeding) chamber

4 - service (dry) chamber

5 - pipe systems

6 - overflow

7 - sinks

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Groundwater Intakes Structures

Spread inclined

spring water catch

1 - cracked rocs

2 - drainage layer

3 - concrete wall

4 - concrete plate

5 - dense clay

6 - ventilation orifice

7 - water receiving chamber

8 - embankment