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“If we use fuel to get our power, we are living on our capital and exhausting it rapidly.
This method is barbarous and wantonly wasteful and will have to be stopped in the interest of coming generations. “
Nicola Tesla
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"I believe that water will one day be employed as fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it, used singly or together, will furnish an inexhaustible source of heat and light, of an intensity of which coal is not capable.“ Jules Verne
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Catalytic Carbon - HYDROGEN ON DEMAND
( CC-HOD )
By Pat Gaddy and Howard Phillips
HHO GAMES & EXPOSITION FEB. 8, 9 & 10, 2013
SARASOTA CLASSIC CAR MUSEUM5500 N. Tamiami Trail in Sarasota, Fla.
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Catalytic Carbon Data Collection Center
By Pat Gaddy, PEand Howard Phillips; Phillips Company
Presented at HHOgamesNovember 11, 2011
Presented again, by request, on November 12, 2011
Previous Presentation Nov 2011, at HHO Games
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Catalytic Carbon Data Collection Center
Implementation: During 2012, the Data Collection Center was incorporated into HODINFO.com
Presentation last year, at HHO Games
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“This country needs an all-out, all-of-the-above strategy that develops every available source of American energy - a strategy that’s cleaner, cheaper, and full of new jobs.”
President Obama 2012 State-of-the-Union address
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Hydrogen = 67% of all the water in the world
Catalytic Carbon can split water to obtain all the hydrogen the world needs.
8A catalyst can do this
9http://www.udel.edu/pchem/C444/Lectures/Lecture5.pdf
What is a CATALYST? In a chemical reaction, a catalyst lowers the activation energy, Ea
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Method to make HOD
Catalyst
Water
A better idea, to get more hydrogen
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New CATALYST
Advantages: High reaction rate – lots of hydrogen.No electrical input, no electrolyte, no corrosion, no
emissions and no environmental problems.
Input
What is CC?
Output
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What is Catalytic Carbon?
Normal carbon, chemically treated to become a heterogeneous catalyst
Input Output
Not consumed
Other advantages?
Patent Pending
Advantage
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Advantages
One Aluminum atom three hydrogen atoms
Water to aluminum ratio = 3 FUEL
More advantages …
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Catalytic Carbon will be cheaper, pound-for-pound than bottled water.
When Catalytic Carbon is in production, what will be the COST?
Advantages
And…What about aluminum?
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From Water to Hydrogen
Pure water NOT required
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Advantages
Pure water NOT required.
Salt water works well.
More advantages …
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Advantages
100% of Emissions are Eliminated
No Smokestack needed
No Particulate Matter
No Carbon Dioxide
No Nitrous Oxides
No Sulfur Dioxide
No Mercury
Technology Verified?
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Aluminum cost
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Advantages
• Aluminum is the world's most abundant metal. It is extracted from Bauxite. Current reserves of Bauxite = enough to meet our needs for Aluminum for the next few centuries.
Ref: http://sam.davyson.com/as/physics/aluminium/siteus/abundance.html
More advantages …
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Advantage: Aluminum is cheap
U.S. Dollars per metric ton
Use Scrap Aluminum!
More advantages …
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CC-HOD Advantages
1. No electricity needed. Heat from any source, so electrical heating is optional.2. No power input required to sustain hydrogen production4. pH neutral5. No electrolyte No Corrosion
More advantages …
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Stays in liquid.Can be recycled.
Automatic separation of hydrogen and liquid
Gas vapor
(bubbles)
Recycling Advantages
More advantages …
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Advantages
1. Any temp
2. Any pressure
3. In liquid
We prefer 180F, in water, at 1 ATM
Temp = 174F
Hydrogen
bubbles
More advantages …
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Technology Verification
1. Flame test
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Technology Verification
1. Flame test
2. Hydrogen purity test
The purity of our hydrogen was measured to be approximately 93%.
The hydrogen production began with air in the container and in the tubes leading to the measurement instrumentation.
The remaining 7% was believed to be water vapor/air; the amount of the water vapor depends on the temperature.
93% H2Independent Test Lab
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Technology Verification
1. Flame test
2. Hydrogen purity test
3. Flow rate
measurements
Hydrogen at 1 LPM to 20
LPMSimple, easy, cheap
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Technology Verification1. Flame test
2. Hydrogen purity test
3. Flow rate demonstration
4. Car test
32% increase in gas mileage;
first test run.
Full report online atwww.PhillipsCompany.4T.com/CT.pdf
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Technology Verification
Evaluation of CC: 12 countries and 18 states in the USA
Also in [email protected] Catalyzed-Carbon.com480-319-7467 Office480-200-6277 cell (Don)
1. Flame test
2. Hydrogen purity test
3. Flow rate demonstration
4. Car test
5. World-wide test program @ 45 locations
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Can this method be scaled up?
No energy input needed after the water is warmed up to about 180F
This data updated 4/10/2012
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• The World’s first demonstration of hydrogen• production at high flow rates using scrap• Materials • - shown in Millerton, Oklahoma, January 21, 2013.
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More info:
www.PhillipsCompany.4T.com
was
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Path forward
Hydrogen Design Conference
First Hydrogen-for-fuel CC-HOD equipment design conference
Date: Monday, April 8, 2013
Location: Millerton, Oklahoma USA
Based on the world’s first demonstration of hydrogen production at high flow rates held Jan 21st 2013 using water and scrap material.
For more info see:www.PhillipsCompany.4T.com/REG.pdf
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2013Phillips Company invites
Manufacturing Companies to Commercialize this process.
Engineering chemistry
Commercialization
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www.phillipscompany.4t.com/CT.pdf
This file is all about the construction of the CA cell.
Howard has put one on his vehicle and is using it to produce approximately 32% better fuel mileage.
In his testing, Howard has used between 0.3 and 0.5 lpm to get these results.
The second section of this file has Howard’s latest Cell Design and Fabrication method.Howard uses a step-by-step approach that makes the construction very simple, and straightforward.
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This is the test vehicle with the latest prototype installed.
The shelf was installed and the grill removed to simplify testing.
This is a close up of the prototype. In the circle is the one-way check valve at the top of the bubbler.
The generator cell is inside the hollow tube to the right of the bubbler.The amp meter, breaker and switch are for the heaters controller and anode.
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The major fuel is water. This cell design includes a water tank.
The gravity-flow water tank is higher than the cell.
Pumps are not needed in this design. The water tank serves a dual purpose -- itfunctions as a bubbler to prevent material from the cell entering the hydrogen-outputplastic tube.
Note that the output line is clean and clear of both carbon and aluminumparticles.
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Glass cell.
Don’t do this.
Don’t use glass for a container. Remember this is just a prototype system.
A non-glass container for the cell is a safety precaution that will prevent glass shards from flying about in the event of a hydrogen explosion in the cell.
A glass container was used to provide “see through.”
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This design has two tubes, as shown. One tube (copper pipe) carries water into the cell.
The other tube (plastic Tygon tubing) is used for flowing hydrogen out of the cell.
The copper pipe provides a rigid structure so that it can be easily pushed into the semi-solidaluminum (or CA) fuel bed.
Filter on the end of the copper pipe.
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This design uses a lead strip for an anode. Lead is corrosion resistant, which is onereason it is used in lead-acid batteries. In this design, there is virtually no corrosion, for two reasons:
(1)The liquid is pH neutral, with no electrolyte added, and
(2)the current is very low (less than 0.1 Ampere). The anode potential is 12 VDC.
The assembly is bound by epoxy. We have used J-B weld epoxy with good results.
We use immersion heaters which are manufactured for use in heating a cup of tea or coffee.
They are available as 12-volt products.
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This design uses a lead strip for an anode. Lead is corrosion resistant, which is one reason it is used in lead-acid batteries.
In this design, there is virtually no corrosion, for two reasons:
(1)The liquid is pH neutral, with no electrolyte added, and
(2) The current is very low (less than 0.1 Ampere). The anode potential is 12 VDC.
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The only connection to the engine fuel system is shown (red circle O) in the above figure. The only additional connections to the engine are the 12 volt connections to thebattery and to the ignition system.
Note: When pure hydrogen (not HHO) is used, no modifications to the engine are required. Oxygen sensors are not modified. Tuning of the engine is not required.
“Air/fuel ratio” adjustments are not required. “Timing” adjustments are notrequired.
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Problems and comments 1) Our designs used glass jars for hydrogen containers. This is not a good idea, because of safety concerns. Better materials can be used.
2)We occasionally experienced clogging of the water line that delivers water (fuel) from the water tank to the hydrogen cell. We used only a simple screen to limit material from entering the copper-pipe. Better filters or screens are available.
3) Our design heats slowly. From a cold start, about 10 minutes is required to heat the contents of the cell to the desired operating temperature range = 180F to 195F. A better design might use a better heating system.
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Our design uses electrical energy from the battery for heating. Other builders may want to use heat from the exhaust system or heat from the engine coolant system.
Either source of heat may be useful, if the cell contents can be rapidly heated to the desired operating temperature range = 180F to 195F.
For high-hydrogen-flow-rate systems, a cell larger than a quart jar may be useful. This may be the case for larger engines, such as diesel engines for trucks.
We do not have a diesel-truck test vehicle, so we leave this experimentation to others.
Our prototype is much larger than it needs to be, and other system builders will, no doubt, build smaller systems.
Our prototype was mounted outside the car, for convenient access during the experimental phase. There is no doubt that better systems can be built and installed under the hood to make the installation virtually invisible.
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Operation of the hydrogen systemThe system operated without major problems for weeks at a time. Fuel replacement because of fuel depletion was not a problem, because much of our use was under very low hydrogen generation rate conditions.
We were surprised that 30% to 35% increase in gas mileage was obtained when operating the system with a hydrogen output of only 30 to 50 milliliters per minute -- much less hydrogen than expected, by comparison with reports from HHO electrolysis system users.
The hydrogen flow rate output can be adjusted by changing the set-point temperature for the temp controller. We had good operation at various set temps ranging from 170F to 195F.
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We used both CC/Al fuel and CA fuelBoth fuels work well in our prototype.We prefer CA fuel because no mixing (CC / Al / water) is needed, making the fueling process more convenient and with fewer variables that can affect performance of the system.
Another advantage of CA fuel is that it uses less than 2% CC (because of CC/Al bonding) whereas the use of CC/Al/water typically requires that 20% to 30% of the volume be made up of CC.
Clearly, CA provides an advantage in that less CC is needed.
Because less CC is needed when CA fuel is used, the heating rate can be better because there is less material in the cell to be heated, for a given amount of aluminum in the cell.
More details about CC / Al / water fuel can be found online at
www.PhillipsCompany.4T.com/HYDROGEN.html
more details about CA fuel can be found online at
www.PhillipsCompany.4T.com/CA.pdf
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How to evaluate this new H2 system
Might you be interested to evaluate this new method of producing hydrogen? Please see the following information, online:
Hydrogen and CC: www.PhillipsCompany.4T.com/HYDROGEN.html
How to obtain Catalytic Carbon: www.PhillipsCompany.4T.com/MCC.pdf
How to obtain Catalyzed Aluminum: www.PhillipsCompany.4T.com/MCA.pdf
Hydrogen News: www.PhillipsCompany.4T .com/PRH6.pdf
Catalyzed Aluminum (CA) info: www.PhillipsCompany.4T.com/CA.pdf
Hydrogen tech business model: www.PhillipsCompany.4t.com/bmH.pdf
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This presentation is online at www.PhillipsCompany.4T.com/PatHHO.pps
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