REFERENCING:1. IN-TEXT REFERENCING 2. BIBLIOGRAPHIES

1. In Text Referencing

As you are writing your paper – you need to reference your work.

That means that you need to acknowledge where you got your information from.

 

What / When to reference?

Reference Do Not Reference

Opinions of others Conclusions of others Ideas of others Direct quotes –

“inverted commas” Obscure information

that is not generalised knowledge

General facts (eg. The pyramids were built in....)

Your own opinions, ideas, conclusions

How to In-Text Reference A) HARVARD METHOD (within text)

Acknowledgement made at the end of a sentence / quote in brackets. For example:

Ghantous believes that the Pyramids were built by the work of great Egyptian engineering (Ghantous, 2007 p.48)

How to In-Text Reference A) HARVARD METHOD (within text)

Direct Quote – Use quotation marks and then the acknowledgement in bracket. For example:

“The construction of the Pyramids was the product of great Egyptian engineering” (Ghantous, 2007 p.48)

How to In-Text Reference A) HARVARD METHOD (within text)

TIPS:

More than 1 author to a book (Ghantous and others, 2007 p.48)

Internet – Author, web address (Ghantous, www.pyramids.com)

Book no Author – Title, date, page (The Great Pyramids, 2007 p.48)

Internet no Author – Web address (www.pyramids.com)

Encyclopaedia – Title, date, page (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007 p.48)

How to In-Text Reference B) FOOTNOTES

Acknowledgement made at the bottom of the page as a footnote. For Example:

Ghantous believes that the Pyramids were built by the work of great Egyptian engineering 1

_____________________1 Ghantous, 2007 p.48 

How to In-Text Reference B) FOOTNOTES

Direct Quote – Use quotation marks and then the acknowledgement in the footnote For example:

“The construction of the Pyramids was the product of great Egyptian engineering” 1

_____________________ 1 Ghantous, 2007 p.48 

How to In-Text Reference B) FOOTNOTES

TIPS:

More than 1 author to a book (1 Ghantous and others, 2007 p.48)

Internet – Author, web address (1 Ghantous, www.pyramids.com)

Book no Author – Title, date, page ( 1 The Great Pyramids, 2007 p.48)

Internet no Author – Web address (1 www.pyramids.com)

Encyclopaedia – Title, date, page (1 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007 p.48)

2. Bibliographies

TIPS:

Separate types of references – books, internet, encyclopaedia, newspapers, documentaries etc

Alphabetical order for each section

Bibliographies - Books

A) Books 

Ghantous, S. (2007) The Great Pyramids, Penguin Books, Sydney

Bibliographies – Web sites

B) Web Sites With Author:

Ghantous, S. The Pyramids, accessed 7/4/09: www.pyramids.com

 

Without Author:

Author unknown. The Pyramids, accessed 7/4/09: www.pyramids.com

Bibliographies – EncyclopaediaC) Encyclopaedia Article

Ghantous, S. “The Pyramids”, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, (2007), Penguin Books, Sydney

Bibliographies – Newspaper Article

D) Newspaper Article

Ghantous, S. (2007) “New method of Pyramid Building revealed” Sydney Morning Herald, 7/4/09 p.27

Bibliographies – DocumentariesE) Documentaries

The Pyramids, Discovery Channel 7/4/09