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Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2
v 설계기술의 현황
v PIDO Technology
v Applications
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
설계비용은 제품원가의 5%이지만
설계가 제품원가에 미치는 영향은 70%
70%
20%
5%5%
5% PRODUCTDESIGN
50% MATERIAL
15% LABOR
30% OVERHEADINFLUENCE(%)
4
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
5
• Design Requirements:
Product Performances
Manufacturability (DFM)
Assembly (DFA)
• Design Variables:
Shape and Size
Topology
Material
• Design Requirements:
Production without Defects
• Design Variables:
Process Parameters
(Variables)
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
6
Design Problem Formulation
• Design Requirements
• Design Variables
Analysis Procedure Establishment
• CAE
• Experiments
Design Procedure Establishment
• Conventional Design
• Advanced Design (e.g. Optimization)
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
7
Yes
Selectan initial design
Evaluate the performance usingCAE/Experiment
Are design requirements
satisfied ?
Adequate Design
Change design variables
Know-How
ExperienceIntuition
No
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Ladder Type Frame 방식 차체의 장점- 노면으로부터의 소음, 진동 전달 유리- 플랫폼 공용화가 용이
Ladder Type Frame 방식 차체의 단점- 중량 증가- 지상고가 높음
Ladder Type Frame에서
충돌 관련된 설계부위를 변경하지 않고,
Carryover 설계 안보다 10kg 경량화 목표를 만족하면서
승차감 향상을 위한 진동특성 Spec.을 만족할 수 없을까?
Frame Type Carbody System
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Minimize WeightPriority #1
Lower Limit ≤ 1th Torsional Freq.Priority #2
Lower Limit ≤ 2nd Bending Freq.Priority #3
Lower Limit ≤ 3rd Lateral Freq.Priority #4
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
st1 st2 st3
ct1 ct2 ct3 ct4 ct5 ct6
두께 변수 (9개)두께 변수 (9개) 형상 변수 (6개)형상 변수 (6개)
△w1
△h1 △h2
△w2 △w3
△h3
△h2
* 충돌 특성에 영향이 미비한 설계변수와 설계변수 범위를 설계엔지니어로부터 제공받음
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Design Problem
Design Variables (15)
Objective Function (1)
Constraints (3)
• 프레임 두께 변수 (9)
• 프레임 형상 변수 (6)
• Minimize Weight
• Lower Limit ≤ 1th Torsional Freq.
• Lower Limit ≤ 2nd Bending Freq.
• Lower Limit ≤ 3rd Lateral Freq.
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
12
Yes
Selectan initial design
Evaluate the performance usingCAE/Experiment
Are design requirements
satisfied ?
Best Design
Modifydesign variables
AdvancedDesign Techniques
No
Automatic ProcessUsing PIDO technology
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
13
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)
: a field of engineering that uses optimization methods to solve design problems incorporating a number of disciplines
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
x1 x12 x13 x123 x2 x23 x3l Discipline3: Durability
l Discipline1: Safety
l Discipline2: NVH
Conventional Design : Sequential / Hierarchical Procedure
x1 x12 x13 x123 x2 x23 x3 x1 x12 x13 x123 x2 x23 x3
x1 x12 x13 x123 x2 x23 x3
x1 x12 x13 x123 x2 x23 x3
x1 x12 x13 x123 x2 x23 x3
DOF of Design Performance DOF of Design Performance DOF of Design Performance
MDO : Concurrent / Simultaneous Procedure
l Discipline2: NVH
l Discipline1: Safety
l Discipline3: Durability
x1 x12 x13 x123 x2 x23 x3
x1 x12 x13 x123 x2 x23 x3
x1 x12 x13 x123 x2 x23 x3
DOF of Design Performance
x={xL, xS}xL={x1, x2, x3} : Local Design VariablesxS={x12, x13, x23, x123} : Shared Design Variables
Safety NVH Durability
DurabilitySafety
NVH
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
15
quoted from M.J. Kiemele, Air Academy Associates, 2003
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
17
PhysicalPrototype Virtual
Prototype
• Long development time• High cost• Unsatisfactory quality
due to design change difficulty
• Fast delivery• Low cost• High quality assurance in the early stage
Shifting from “Physical Prototype”to “Virtual Prototype”
In order to enhance the value of “Virtual Prototype” ,PIDO (Process Integration and Design Optimization) technology is a necessity.
• Integration of CAE tools• Automation of complex analysis and design procedures• Optimization of product/process designs
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Analysis C
omponent Layer
Analysis C
omponent Layer
CAE Tools
TCP/IP
Visual Modeling
Message Broker (Socket)
Workflow Engine
ExecutionManager
JobScheduling
Manager
Design Data Manager
UI Framework
InterfaceEngine
Design Process Manager
PIAnO EnginePIAnO Engine
• integrating CAE tools in a distributed computing environment
• automating complex analysis and design procedures using “Engine”
• applying appropriate design tools including DOE and optimizers
A PIDO tool that can produce the best design solution by
Architecture of PIAnO Developed by PIDOTECH Inc.
Design C
omponent Layer
Design C
omponent Layer
DesignOptimization
Sequential ApproximateOptimization
Approximation
Design Of Experiments
Reliability Analysis
ParametricStudy
Reliability-BasedDesign
Optimization
What-IfStudy
18
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
수작업 혹은 시행착오로 해 오던 해석 및 설계절차를 자동화해 주는 툴입니다.
해석모델에서설계변수 변경
결과 분석
CAE Solver 실행 레포트 생성
DecisionMaking
수동 Process
19
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
수작업 혹은 시행착오로 해 오던 해석 및 설계절차를 자동화해 주는 툴입니다.
해석모델에서설계변수 변경
결과 분석
CAE Solver 실행 레포트 생성
DecisionMaking
수동 Process
자동 Process
20
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
전문 설계 툴입니다. 최신의 설계 기법을 지속적으로 업그레이드 하고 있습니다.
What-If StudyWhat-If Study
Parametric StudyParametric Study
ReliabilityAnalysisReliabilityAnalysis
Designof ExperimentsDesignof Experiments
Meta-modelingMeta-modeling
DesignOptimizationDesignOptimization
Reliability-BasedDesign Optimization
Reliability-BasedDesign Optimization
1-D Parametric Study
Vector Parametric Study
FORM
Monte Carlo Sampling
Latin Hypercube Sampling
enhanced DimensionReduction Method (eDR)
Full Factorial Design
Central Composite Design(CCD/ICCD/FCCD)
Orthogonal Array
LHD/OLHD
Plackett-Burman Design
Box-BehnKen Design
Response Surface Model
Kriging Model
Radial Basis Function Model
Radial Basis Function Regression Model
Sequential Two-point Diagonal Quadratic Approximate Opt.
Micro Genetic Algorithm
Progressive Quadratic Response Surface Method
Evolutionary Algorithm
Advanced Single Loop Single Vector
Enhanced Reliability-Based design Optimization withSmart Initiation Approach (ERBOSIA – v3.x)
eDR-Based Robust Design Optimization (v3.x)
Metamodel-Based Sequential Approximate Opt. (v3.x)
Taguchi Method (v3.x)Taguchi Method (v3.x)Augmented LHD
Inherited LHD
Hybrid Optimization Algorithm (v3.x)
21
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
기존 (Manual, 경험적 반복) Design Time
= 6개월 * 3명 * 160시간/월 = 2,880시간
PIAnO를 이용한 Design Time
= 2개월 * 3명 * 64시간/월 = 384시간
대표사례 (A사 드럼세탁기 현가시스템 및 캐비닛 통합설계)
설계시간 80% 이상 절감!(ex. 1억 3천만원 이상 절감)
제품 성능 향상!(ex. 세탁기 진동 33% 감소)
( ) ( ) ( )1 (2880-384) 1 3
8 1220´ =
´ ´
억원시간 억 천만원
시간 개월일일 월 년 22
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
[샤시] ABS Controller Parameter Calibration의 최적설계(CarSim, Simulink)
[샤시] Torsion Beam Axle 형상 최적설계(Hypermesh, MSC.Nastran, ADAMS/Car, MSC.Fatigue)
[HEV] Parallel HEV Control Strategy의 최적설계(Simulink)
[P/T] 엔진 Fuel Rail의 형상 최적설계(ADINA)
[샤시] SUV 차량의 Ladder Type Frame 형상 최적설계(Hypermesh, MSC.Nastran)
[샤시] 후륜 현가장치의 Bush 최적설계(ADAMS)
[샤시] 전륜 현가장치의 Hardpoint & Bush 최적설계(ADAMS/Car)
[샤시] 차량 냉각모듈의 Isolator 형상 최적설계(Hypermesh, ABAQUS, MSC.Patran, MSC.Fatigue, Matlab)
[샤시] 실험계획법을 이용한 차량 Fuel Tank 사양 결정(Experiments)
[샤시] 샤시 통합제어기의 최적설계(CarSim, Simulink)
[P/T] 엔진 Dual CVVT Valve Timing의 최적설계(GT-Power)
[P/T] 디젤 SUV 차량의 출발가속성능 향상을 위한 최적설계(GT-Power, GT-Drive)
[P/T] 디젤엔진 Turbocharger용 Resonator 장착을 위한 최적설계(GT-Power)
[P/T] 엔진 Variable Induction System의 Runner Length 최적설계(GT-Power)
[P/T] 엔진 Intake Manifold의 EGR Port 파라메트릭 설계(GT-Power, STAR-CD)
[샤시] 샤시 해석 프로세스 자동화(ADAMS, CarSIm)
[샤시] 표준 내구/강도 해석 프로세스 자동화(Hypermesh, Hyperview, MSC.Patran/Nastran/ADAMS/Fatigue)
[샤시] 표준 내구/강도 해석 프로세스를 이용한 CTBA 최적설계(Hypermesh, In-house Code)
[샤시] 샤시 설계 프로세스 자동화(In-house Code)
[샤시] 차량 Engine Mount의 최적설계(MSC.Nastran)
[샤시] Front 서브 프레임 형상 최적설계(Hypermesh, MSC.Nastran, ABAQUS, ADAMS/Car, FEMFAT)
[샤시] 전륜 현가장치의 Hardpoint & Bush RBDO(ADAMS/Car)
[샤시] 차량 Fuel System의 Vent Valve 최적설계(Experiments)
[샤시] 차량 Frame Layout 형상 최적설계(NX, Hypermesh, LS-Dyna, In-house Code)
PIAnO 적용사례 I (자동차 분야)
[전자] 휴대폰 Lens 시스템의 강건 최적설계(Code-V)
[전자] Switched Reluctance Motor의 최적설계(In-house Code)
[전자] 컴퓨터 HDD용 헤드 슬라이더의 Reduced Basis 최적설계(CML-Static)
[전자] 컴퓨터 HDD용 헤드 슬라이더의 RBDO(CML-Static)
[가전] 드럼 세탁기 현가장치의 최적설계(DADS, ANSYS)
[가전] Plate-Fin 형 열교환기의 Multi-Objective 최적설계(STAR-CD)
[가전] 에어컨/실외기 배관의 형상 최적설계(Hypermesh, MSC.Nastran, MSC.Fatigue)
[전자] 휴대폰 Lens 시스템의 공차 최적설계(Code-V)
[전자] 휴대폰 LCD BLU 광학성능 향상을 위한 이산 최적설계(SPEOS, In-house Code)
[전자] 휴대폰 LCD 모듈 파손방지를 위한 RBDO(Hypermesh, LS-Dyna)
[전자] 컴퓨터 DTR 디스크용 헤드 슬라이더의 형상 최적설계(CML-Dynamic, CML-Static)
[전자] 이동통신 시스템 Heat Sink의 최적설계(FLOTHERM)
[전자] 레이저 프린터용 Cleaning Blade의 최적설계(Hypermesh, ABAQUS)
[전자] LED 조명 Heat Sink의 최적설계(FLOTHERM)
[전자] ODD용 Spindle Motor의 최적설계(Flux3D)
[전자] HDD용 Spindle Motor의 최적설계(Flux3D)
[전자] Projection Optical System의 최적설계(Code-V)
[가전] 세탁기 액체 Balancer의 형상 최적설계(Experiments)
PIAnO 적용사례 II (전자/가전 분야)
[항공] Rotorcraft 개념설계를 위한 MDO (15 In-house Codes)
[항공] 공력 성능 향상을 위한 항공기 날개 형상 최적설계(Gambit, Tgrid, FLUENT, Vorstab)
[국방] Tracked Vehicle 현가장치의 최적설계(In-house Code)
[국방] K2전차 연료냉각기의 Offset Strip Fin 형상 최적설계(FLUENT)
[국방] Lightweight Torpedo Structure의 신뢰성해석(MSC.Nastran)
[기계] 엘리베이터 구동부의 Heat Sink 형상 최적설계(FLUENT)
기계/로봇/제조장치
[건축] RC 빌딩 철골 구조물의 최적설계(MIDAS-Gen)
[발전] 풍력터빈용 Composite Blade의 다목적 구조 최적설계(SAMCEF)
[조선] LNG선 선체 블록의 구조 최적설계(ANSYS)
[조선] 선박 추진기의 Propeller 형상 최적설계(In-house Code)
[건축] High-Rise Truss 구조물의 최적설계(ABAQUS)
[항공] Compound Helicopter 개념설계를 위한 MDO(GTPDP, RDFD, CLBAR)
항공/우주/국방
[플랜트] 선박형 플랜트 배관 설비의 최적설계(CAESAR II)
조선/플랜트/건축/발전 제조 금형/공정
[장치] Thin Glass Transport System의 최적설계(Experiments)
[장치] 초정밀 Stage의 형상 최적설계(ANSYS)
[장치] Chip Breaker 장치의 최적설계(DAFUL)
[금형] Motor Bracket의 사출금형 Gate 위치 최적설계(MAPS3D)
[금형] 판재 성형 Blank Sheet의 초기 형상 최적설계(Hypermesh, ABAQUS)
[금형] 자동차 Front Bumper의 사출금형 냉각회로 형상 최적설계(MoldFlow)
[공정] 자동차 Fog Blank Cover의 사출성형 공정 최적설계(MAPS3D)
[공정] 세탁기 Balancer Case의 사출성형 공정 최적설계(MAPS3D)
[기계] 유압 브레이커 하우징의 구조 최적설계(SolidWorks, COSMOSWorks)
[조선] 능동 SONAR용 압전변환기 형상 최적설계(ANSYS)
[공정] 자동차 Instrument Panel의 사출성형 공정 최적설계(MAPS3D)
[금형] 컴퓨터 CD 트레이의 사출금형 Gate 위치 최적설계(MAPS3D)
[로봇] Wireless Sensor Node의 Leaping 기구 형상 최적설계(RecurDyn)
PIAnO 적용사례 III (기타 분야)
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Design Problem
Design Variables (15)
Objective Function (1)
Constraints (3)
• 프레임 두께 변수 (9)
• 프레임 형상 변수 (6)
• Minimize Weight
• Lower Limit ≤ 1th Torsional Freq.
• Lower Limit ≤ 2nd Bending Freq.
• Lower Limit ≤ 3rd Lateral Freq.
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
What-If Study
Parametric Study
DOE
Design Optimization
RBDORBDO
Reliability AnalysisReliability Analysis
Approximation
PIA
nO
CAE ToolsCAE Tools Design ToolsDesign Tools
Hypermesh
MSC.Nastran
•Hypermesh: Morphing•MSC.Nastran: Modal Analysis
•PIAnO: What-If Study,Parametric Study,Design Optimization
Embedded Design ToolsApplied CAE Tools
설계문제 분석
Used for
최적설계안 도출
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
30
• 경량화 목표 12kg 감소 달성
• Frame 형상설계 프로세스 구축으로 설계시간 20% 절감
Weight(목적함수-최소화)
2nd Bending Frequency
1st Torsional Frequency
3rd Lateral Frequency
: Initial
: Optimal
: Infeasible Region12kg 감소(목표달성)
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
31
두께 변화두께 변화
: Initial
: Optimalst1
st2
st3
ct1
ct2
ct3
ct4
ct5
ct6
st1 st2 st3
ct1 ct2 ct3 ct4 ct5 ct6
형상 변화형상 변화
△w1
△h1
△h2
△w2
△w3
△h3
설계영역
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Torsion Beam Axle (TBA) is widely useddue to a lightweight and a simple configuration
Rear suspension
중량감소를 위해 Rear Suspension에
장착한 TBA의 내구성능과 K&C 특성을
동시에 향상시키려면 어떤 형상이 좋을까?
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Maximize Fatigue Life Cycle
Roll Center Height ≤ Upper Limit
Minimize Weight
Total Roll Rate ≥ Lower Limit
W/C Lateral Stiffness ≥ Lower Limit
34
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
TBA Thickness Trailing Arm Thickness
Position of Transition Region
Inflection Angle
35
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
36
Position of Transition Region
Inflection Angle
TBA Thickness
Trailing Arm Thickness
Design Variables (4)
Objective Function (1)
Constraints (4)
• Shape Parameters Using Morphing(Inflection Angle, Transition Position)
• TBA Thickness
• Trailing Arm Thickness
• Maximize Fatigue Life Cycle
• Roll Center Height ≤ Upper Limit
• Weight ≤ Upper Limit
• Total Roll Rate ≥ Lower Limit
• W/C Lateral Stiffness ≥ Lower Limit
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hypermesh 7.0
MD.Nastran 2006r2(Modal Analysis)
MSC.ADAMS 2005r2(Roll Mode Analysis)
MSC.Fatigue 2005r2
Mass
Hot SpotsMax. Stress/Strain
Fatigue Life CycleMost Damaged Node
K&C Characteristics
Modal Neutral File
Time Load History Data
Fatigue Input
MSC.ADAMS 2005r2(K&C Analysis)
Elapsed Time for 1 simulation
@ 28 min
37
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
What-If StudyWhat-If Study
Parametric Study
DOE
Design Optimization
RBDORBDO
Reliability AnalysisReliability Analysis
Approximation
PIA
nO
CAE ToolsCAE Tools Design ToolsDesign Tools
•Hypermesh: Morphing•MSC.Nastran: Modal Analysis•ADAMS/Car: Multibody Dynamics•MSC.Fatigue: Fatigue Analysis
•PIAnO: Parametric Study,Design Optimization
Hypermesh
MSC.Nastran
ADAMS/Car
MSC.Fatigue
Embedded Design ToolsApplied CAE Tools Used for
최적설계안 도출
설계문제 분석
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
39
Initial Optimal
Upper Limit
Initial Optimal
Upper Limit
Initial Optimal Initial Optimal Initial Optimal
Lower LimitLower Limit
Roll Center Height Weight Total Roll Rate W/C Lateral Stiff.
Fatigue Life Cycle
•자동화 과정을 통해 설계기간 80%이상 단축
•중량 증가 없이 내구 수명 56.2% 증가
•목표 수준의 K&C 성능 도달
56.2% 향상
Feasible Feasible
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2.60
2.70
0.00
0.00
2.74
-7.00
-6.60
2.45
1.00 4.00
1.00 4.00
-8.00 11.00
-35.00 35.00
(a) TBA Thickness
(c) Inflection Angle
(b) TA Thickness
(d) Position of Transition Region: Initial
: Optimum
40
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Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Tracked Vehicle
Minimize the maximum vertical acceleration at the CG of the hull !
Tracked Vehicle이 장애물 통과 시,탑승석의 승차감을 개선하면서내구성 향상이나 간섭방지를 위한Hydro-pneumatic Suspension Unit (HSU)의설계 개선 안은?
42
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Loading ConditionLoading Condition
v설계변수(9) : Charging pressures of the 1st, 2nd, 5th and 6th HSU’s (4),Length of gas chambers (1),Pre-load for Belleville springs (1),Choking flow rate (1),Inner diameter of an orifice (1),Static track tension (1)
v목적함수(1) : Minimize Vertical acceleration at CG of the hull
v구속조건(15): Wheel travels during jounce (6),Equally distributed static forces on the wheels (6),Track tension (1),Charging pressures of the 3rd and 4th HSU’s (2)
HullWheel_1
C.G.
HullWheel_1
C.G.
Tracked VehicleTracked Vehicle
Wheel_6Wheel_1
0.36 m (14 inch)
Tracked vehicle runs over a semi-circular bump of 0.36 m radius with a velocity of 35 km/h.
43
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What-If StudyWhat-If Study
Parametric Study
DOE
Design Optimization
RBDORBDO
Reliability AnalysisReliability Analysis
Approximation
PIA
nO
CAE ToolsCAE Tools Design ToolsDesign Tools
• Inhouse-Code: Multibody Dynamics •PIAnO: Design Optimization
Inhouse-Code
Embedded Design ToolsApplied CAE Tools Used for
최적설계안 도출 (PQRSM)
44
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0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
X(1) X(2) X(3) X(4) X(5) X(6) X(7) X(8) X(9)
Initial
Optimal
설계변수 변화설계변수 변화개선 효과개선 효과
Acceleration at CG of the hull
• 목적함수의 최대 가속도가 40% 감소
• 15개의 구속조건을 모두 만족하는 설계 개선안 도출
45
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Optimized Acceleration at SeatOptimized Acceleration at Seat Optimized Wheel TravelOptimized Wheel Travel
46
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48
최적화기법을 사용하여
자동차용 ABS Controller를
자동으로 설계할 수 있을까?
Design Path
ABS Controller를Calibration 해야 하는데…
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49
v설계변수(6): Brake Actuator Gain LR & RR (1),
ABS Controller FRT On & Off Switch Values (2),
ABS Controller RR On & Off Switch Values (2),
ABS Controller Switch Threshold (1)
v목적함수(1): Square Sum of Yaw & Station의 최소화
설계 요구 사항설계 요구 사항 설계 변수설계 변수
v Initial/Operating Conditions• Initial Speed: 120km/h• Spike Braking of 15mPa @ 0.2s• Split Mu (0.2L/0.5R) @ 3m
v 요구사항• Minimize Square Sum of Yaw• Minimize Station
ABS Controller FRT On Switch ValueABS Controller FRT Off Switch ValueABS Controller RR On Switch ValueABS Controller RR Off Switch Value
ABS Controller Switch Threshold
Brake Actuator Gain LR & RR
설계 문제설계 문제
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What-If StudyWhat-If Study
Parametric Study
DOE
Design Optimization
RBDORBDO
Reliability AnalysisReliability Analysis
Approximation
PIA
nO
CAE ToolsCAE Tools Design ToolsDesign Tools
CarSim
Simulink
•CarSim: Vehicle Dynamic Simulation•Simulink: Simulation System Modeling
•PIAnO: Design Optimization
Embedded Design ToolsApplied CAE Tools
최적설계안 도출
Used for
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Initial DesignInitial Design Optimal DesignOptimal Design
총 6개의 설계변수(제어파라미터)를 갖는 ABS Controller 설계결과,
주어진 운전조건 하에서 Yaw Angle과 Station이 최소화되는 설계안을 도출함
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항공기 안정성을 유지하면서
양항비(L/D)를 최대화하기 위해
항공기 날개 형상을 최적화하려면…
53
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양력계수(CL)가 0.4인 받음각에서의항력계수(CD)를 최소화
0.0300
0.0320
0.0340
0.0360
0.0380
0.0400
0.0000 0.2000 0.4000 0.6000 0.8000
CD
CL
-4.0E-03
-2.0E-03
0.0E+00
2.0E-03
4.0E-03
6.0E-03
8.0E-03
1.0E-02
1.2E-02
1.4E-02
1.6E-02
-20 0 20 40 60
Cnβ
_dyn
amic
Angle of attack
주어진 받음각 영역에서Cnβ_dynamic 값이 양수이어야 함
Infeasible
54
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Main Wing Tail wingTwist Angle
(deg)Taper Ratio
(-)Dihedral
(deg)Height
(m)
Definition
Lower Bound
Midpoint
Upper Bound
L2
L2/L1
L1
-5.0
0.0
5.0
0.3
0.55
0.8
-10.0
0.0
10.0
-10.0
0.0
10.0
4.1
4.6
5.1
55
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설계변수의 범위
설계문제 정식화
Design variables Lower Initial Upper
Twist angle -10.00 -3.00 10.00
Taper ratio 0.30 0.58 0.80
Dihedral -5.00 0.00 5.0
Tail height 4.1 4.6 5.1
Find Twist angle,Taper ratio,Dihedral,Tail height
to minimize CD at (CL=0.4)
subject to Cnβ_dynamic(α) > 0,where α=[-7, 50]
56
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What-If Study
Parametric Study
Design Optimization
RBDO
Reliability Analysis
Embedded Design ToolsEmbedded Design ToolsApplied CAE ToolsApplied CAE Tools Used forUsed for
날개형상변경Gambit
DOE
Approximation
Design Optimization
PIAnO
CAE TOOLS DESIGN TOOL
최적설계안 도출 (EA)
DOE
Approximation
Mesh 작업Tgrid
계산Fluent
근사모델 생성 (RBF)
Vorstab
Gambit
Tgrid
Fluent
Vorstab
_n dynamicC b 계산
DC
실험점 선정 (OLHD)
57
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-4.0E-03
-2.0E-03
0.0E+00
2.0E-03
4.0E-03
6.0E-03
8.0E-03
1.0E-02
1.2E-02
1.4E-02
1.6E-02
-20 0 20 40 60
Cnβ
_dyn
amic
Angle of attack
Infeasible
목적함수 구속조건
0.03328 0.03227
Initial Optimum
10 count (3.1%) 감소
구속조건 만족!
양력계수(CL)가 0.4인 받음각에서항력계수(CD)를 최소화
주어진 받음각 영역에서Cnβ_dynamic 값이 모두 양수이어야 함
58
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Twist Angle : Initial
: Optimal
DesignVariables
Taper Ratio
Dihedral
Tail height
Optimum Design
Initial Design
59
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Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
61
원가를 최소화하면서
성능에 관한 사양을 모두 만족시키는 설계안을
효과적인 설계프로세스를 통해 도출할 수 없을까?
Discharge pipe
Suction pipe
Compressor
Grommet (3)
Air Conditioner 실외기 (냉방전용) 배관 시스템Air Conditioner 실외기 (냉방전용) 배관 시스템
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62
Pipe 형상 설계변수
□ 원가절감§ 실외기 배관 전체의 질량을 최소화
□ 공진 주파수 회피§ 배관의 고유 주파수 중, 압축기의 회전 주파수(1차 ~ 3차 성분)가
없도록 설계– 60Hz 전원일 경우 : 55~60, 110~120 , 165~180 Hz
□ 강도 확보§ 압축기와 배관이 연결되는 지점의
수직, 수평 좌우, 수평 전후 방향의 최대 변위에 대해
배관계통의 최대 응력 값이 각각 190MPa 이내로 설계– 수직 최대 변위 : 7.0 mm
– 수평 좌우 및 수평 전후 최대 변위 : 각 7.5 mm
□ 피로 수명 확보§ 규정된 수직 파워스펙트럼밀도(PSD) 가진에 대해 1.5시간 이상의
수명확보
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§ 배관의 U-tube 길이 변화량을 설계변수로 고려
§ 각 설계변수의 상, 하한은 배관의 제조공정 및
공간적 제한조건을 고려하여 결정
63
Lower Initial Upper PIPE
X1 ΔL1 -56.0 0 +50.0 Discharge
X2 ΔL2 -100.0 0 +50.0 Discharge
X3 ΔL3 -20.0 0 +10.0 Suction
X4 ΔL4 -60.0 0 +15.0 Suction
X5 ΔL5 -22.0 0 +20.0 Suction
Design variables (unit: mm)
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64
Find
Minimize
Subject to
Change in pipe length,X=[X1, X2, X3, X4, X5]T
Pipe mass
Penalty value, P ≤ 0.5
Maximum stress (x) ≤ 190MPaMaximum stress (y) ≤ 190MPaMaximum stress (z) ≤ 190MPa
Fatigue life (discharge) ≥ 1.5 hours Fatigue life (suction) ≥ 1.5 hours
-56 ≤ X1 ≤ 50-100≤ X2 ≤ 50-20 ≤ X3 ≤ 10-60 ≤ X4 ≤ 15-22 ≤ X5 ≤ 20
배관 형상
원가 절감
공진 주파수 회피
강도 확보
피로수명 확보
설계 영역
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
HyperMesh
ParametricFE modeling
MSC.Nastran
Unit staticanalysis
VB script
Static forcecalculation
MSC.Nastran
Linear staticanalysis
MSC.Nastran
Normal modesanalysis
MSC.Nastran
FrequencyResponse analysis
MSC.Fatigue
Fatigue lifeanalysis
FE model
In-house code
P valuecalculation
Multidisciplinary Analysis
1 Pre-processor & 4 Analyzers: 1회 해석 시간 약 4분(core2-duo 2.4GHz CPU and 2G RAM)
성능 지수성능 지수
다분야통합해석시스템
(자동 실행)
다분야통합해석시스템
(자동 실행)
약 3.7분 소요
65
HyperMesh
Mass calculation
Pipe massPipe mass Penalty value, PPenalty value, P Maximum stressMaximum stress Fatigue lifeFatigue life
설계 변수설계 변수Change in pipe length
X1~X5
Change in pipe length
X1~X5
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PIAnO를 이용한 다분야통합 해석 시스템 구축
66
ParametricFE modeling
Fatigue AnalysisStatic Analysis
Normal modes Analysis
Mass calculation
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CAE ToolsCAE Tools Design ToolsDesign Tools
What-If Study
Parametric Study
DOE
Design Optimization
RBDORBDO
Reliability Analysis
Approximation
PIA
nO
HyperMesh
MSC.Nastran
MSC.Fatigue
•HyperMesh: Morphing•MSC.Nastran: Static, Modal,
& Freq. Response Analysis•MSC.Fatigue: Vibration Fatigue Analysis• In-house Code: Data Calculations
•PIAnO: Parametric Study,Design Optimization
Embedded Design ToolsApplied CAE Tools
설계문제 분석
Used for
최적설계안 도출
In-house Code
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68
성능 개선성능 개선 설계변수 변화설계변수 변화
• 주어진 품질 요구사항을 모두 만족하면서초기 모델 대비 배관질량 약 18% 경량화 달성
Initial Optimal
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
18%
Upper limit : 190MPa
Lower limit : 1.5 hours
회피 주파수 : 55~60, 110~120, 165~180 Hz
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70
이동통신 시스템의Heat Sink의 형상을설계하고 싶은데…
이동통신 시스템의 열적 안정성을 보장하면서
원가절감을 위해 시스템의 부피를
최소화할 수 있는 설계안은?
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71
14
5
6
8
9
10 7
3
2
시스템 패키지의 사이즈를 최소화!조건 #1
12개의 junction 의 온도가 허용온도보다 낮아야 함.조건 #2
Main TR(11)
Driver TR(12)
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72
UpperBounds
40
40
10
35.0
DesignVariables
① RF Block의 heat sink 높이, HR
② Digital Block의 heat sink 높이, HD
③ RF Block의 base 두께, BR
Transition Position 변화량
LowerBounds
20
20
6
-35.0 10
12
4
④ Digital Block의 base두께, BD
⑤ Sunshield와 heat-sink의 공간, G
⑥ Digital Block의 heat sink 두께, tD
6
6
3
4⑦ RF Block의 heat sink 두께, tR3 Digital BlockDigital Block
RF BlockRF Block
①
②
③
④
⑤⑥
⑦
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73
Minimize (HR + BR)+(HD + BD )
• Heat sink Height of the RF block, HR• Heat sink Height of the Digital block, HD• Base Thickness of the RF block, BR• Base Thickness of the Digital block, BD• Gap of the Sun-shield to heat sink, G• Heat sink thickness of the Digital block, tD• Heat sink thickness of the RF block, tR
Ti – Tiallow ≤ 0 i=1,2,…,12
Design Variables (7)
Objective Function (1)
Constraints (12)
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74
Simulation Tool : Flotherm v7.0Grid information :
(Global + Local Grid) 799557 EA
1. 자연대류 냉각 (복사에 의한 열 전달 고려)2. Ambient Temp. : 50°C3. Altitude : 1800m4. Solar Load 고려
- 직접 조사되는 열 유속 : 753W/m2
5. Air property - Conductivity : 0.02839 (w/mk )- Density : 0.9059 (kg/m3)
6. ALDC 12종 property- Conductivity : 98 (w/mk )
7. FR4 property- Conductivity : Kx=Ky=35W/m.K,
Kz=0.33 W/m.K( 관련 규격 : Telcordia GR-63-CORE )
Analysis conditionsAnalysis conditions
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75
What-If StudyWhat-If Study
Parametric Study
DOE
Design Optimization
RBDORBDO
Reliability AnalysisReliability Analysis
Approximation
•FLOTHERM: Thermal Analysis for Electronic Equipment
PIA
nO
•PIAnO: DOE,Approximation,Design Optimization
CAE ToolsCAE Tools Design ToolsDesign Tools
FLOTHERM
Embedded Design ToolsApplied CAE Tools Used for
최적설계안 도출
실험점 선정
근사모델 생성
Copyright © PIDOTECH Inc. All Rights Reserved.
개선 효과개선 효과
41.9 % 감소
Feasible
설계변수 변화설계변수 변화
20 40
① HR
② HD
6 10
③ BR
④ BD
6 12⑤ G
⑥ tD3 4
⑦ tR
시스템의 열적 안정성을 보장하면서
시스템 부피를 41.9% 감소시킴!
목적함수
구속조건들