1 Introduction to IRS

8/11/2019 1 Introduction to IRS

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Introduction to

Integrated Reservoir Studies


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Essential elements

Integration of people, data, technology

and tools Multi-disciplinary team of

geophysicists, geologists,

petrophysicists and engineers

Objectives and process independent of

individual disciplines


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Integration

Technology

Seismic

Geologic

Geostatistics

Engineering

Drilling and

completions

Enhanced oil

recoveryEnvironmental

Computer

DataGeological

Geophysical

Engineering

Financial

People

Management

Geoscientists

Engineers

Land/legal

Field

Financial

Tools

Seismic interpretation

Tomography

Data acquisition

Logging/coringCompletions and

facilities

Geologic modeling

Pressure transient

Fracturing

Reservoir simulators

Enhanced oil recovery

Computer software and

hardware

Integration


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Objectives and Process

Objectives and process independent of

individual disciplines

All team members have input

Performing a geological study" is not an

objective of an integrated reservoir study

Determine if and where we should drill a

step-out well is a valid objective


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Reasons for Conducting


Identify potential for infill drilling

Recognize bypassed hydrocarbons

Improve recovery efficiency


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Outcome of


Optimum reservoir development plan Maximized value of asset


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Classical vs Integrated Reservoir

Study Approaches

Disciplines workseparately

Linear workflow

Cross-disciplinaryteams

Iterative, nonlinear

workflow

Classical Approach Integrated Study

Approach


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Development of Team Concept

Traditionally, reservoir studies were not

integrated

Each discipline did their own thing

separately

Often used a serial approach - geophysics,

then geology, then reservoir engineering,etc.


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Development of Team Concept

Within last 20 years, value of team approach

has been recognized, although progress is

still slow

Observation: putting group together does not

guarantee integration leading to success Need team skills and understanding of entire

process by all team members

Now, most teams assembled at key

investment times

Need ongoing multidisciplinary reservoir

management


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Group Behavior

Members think they are grouped together

for administrative purposes only.

Individuals work independently,sometimes at cross purposes.

Members tend to focus on themselves

because they are not sufficiently involvedin planning the units objectives.

They approach their job simply as hired

hands.


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Team Behavior

Members recognize their interdependenceand understand both personal and teamgoals are best accomplished with mutualsupport.

Time is not wasted struggling overterritory or seeking personal gain at theexpense of others.

Members feel a sense of ownership fortheir jobs and unit because they arecommitted to goals they helped toestablish.


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Advantages of Team Approach

Synergy

Work more effectively and efficiently asteam than as group of individuals

Whole is greater than the sum of its

parts


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Disadvantage of Team Approach

Fewer ideas generated by groups than

individuals working alone

Teams may be productive, but may lackcreativity

To stimulate creativity

Brainstorming sessions

Cross-fertilization by rearranging teams

occasionally


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Stages in Team Development

Forming: Getting to know each other

Storming: Team members disagree over how to

proceed

Members can lose sight of goals

Norming: Members set standards for team

productivity

Performing: Team is productive; membersunderstand

What each member can contribute

How the team works best


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Team Approach Can Be

Enhanced By

Facilitating communication

Meet periodically

Interdisciplinary cooperation in teaching each

others functional objectives

Building trust and mutual respect

Each member learning to be good teacher

Developing some knowledge of other disciplines Engineer: rock characteristics & depositional

environments

Geologist: well completions and fluid

characteristics


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Team Approach Can Be Enhanced

By

Members subordinating ambitions and

egos to goals of team

Working as basketball team, not relay

team

Maintaining high level of technical

competence


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DATA

MANAGEMENT

RESERVOIR

CHARACTERIZATION

STATIC

MODEL

DYNAMIC

MODEL

Integrated Reservoir Study

Data Flows

Work Flows


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RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION

Petrophysical Results -

Interpreted Logs & Marker Picks

Regional

Geological

Model

Structural

Model

Depositional

Model

Pore

Systems

Model

Interpreted

Geophysical

Model Statistical

Model of

Production &

Pressure Data



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STATIC MODEL

PVT/Fluid

Saturations

Model

Basic Engineering Results

PTA, PDA, MBA

ReservoirFlow

Units

PropertyDistributions

Model

StaticReservoir

Model



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DYNAMIC MODEL

Well/Facilities

ModelNear Wellbore

Performance Models

Upscaled

Reservoir

Model

Preliminary

Dynamic

Model

Calibrated

Dynamic

Model

Projected

Reservoir

Performance

Field

Economic

Model

Optimized

Reservoir

Development

Plan



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Components of an Integrated Reservoir Study

Reservoir Characterization

Structure

Facies

Petrology/Diagenesis/

Geochemisty/

Petrophysics

Structural Geologist

Geophysicist

Sedimentologist

Seismic/Sequence

Stratigrapher

PetrologistPetrophysicist

Geochemist

Structure maps of layer/

reservoir surfaces

Faults/fault plane maps

Reservoir limits

Depositional model

Reservoir limits

Pore-system properties

Rock/fluid interaction

EntireReservoir

Pore

System

Decreasingscal

e

Specialist ProductTask


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Components of an Integrated Reservoir Study

Static Model(Model of Reservoir at Time of Discovery)

Fluid Properties/

Saturations

Flow Units

Deterministic vsStochastic Models

3D Distribution

of Properties

Between DataModeling

Define Layers with

Similar Flow Properties

Volume Model of

Reservoir Properties

Static Engineering

Properties

Reservoir

Engineer

Geologist/

Petrophysicist

Geologist/

Engineer

Geologist/

Engineer



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Components of an Integrated Reservoir StudyDynamic Model

Upscaling/

Simulation Model

Calibrate Model

Economics/Risk

Forecasting/

Optimization

Calibrated Model of

Wells, Facilities

Economic Modelof Field

Optimum Reservoir

Development Plan

Adjust to Reservoir

Simulator Scale

Geologist/

Engineer

Geologist/

Engineer

Engineer

Engineer



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Stages In The Generation of

An Integrated Geological Reservoir Model

Log AnalysisWell Test Analysis

Core Analysis

Regional GeologicFramework

DepositionalModel

DiageneticModel

IntegratedGeologic Model

Applications Studies

Model TestingAnd Revision

StructuralModel

FluidModel

(As Needed)

(As Needed)

Geologic Activities

Reserves EstimationSimulation


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Sequential Approach to

Integrated Studies

Increasing Time

G0 G1 Gn

R0

P0

R1

P1

Rn

Pn

Sn

G = Geologic model

R = Reservoir model

P = Production/ drilling

surface facility model

S = Simulation model

0,1,n = generation

Decisions


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Parallel Approach to

Integrated Studies

S0

Decisions Decisions Decisions

Increasing timeG = Geologic model

R = Reservoir model

P = Production/ drilling

surface facility modelS = Simulation model

0,1,n = Generation

S1 Sn

G0 G1 Gn

R0 P0 R1 P1 Rn Pn


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Workflow for Field Development Plan

Project

Management

FIELD

DEVELOPMENT

PLAN

Dynamic

ModelEconomics

& Risks

Geophysical

Study

Geological

Model

Well

Design

Geological

Study

Petrophysical

Study

Facility

Design

Completion

Design

Geomechanical

Study

Production

Engineering
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Documents

1 Introduction to IRS