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James JohnsonSeptember 15, 2004

University of Phoenix On-LineEDTC 560 Applications of Multimedia and Web Page Design

Instructor: Eli Collins-Brown

Understanding andRecognizing Terrorism

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The Threat of Terrorism

The West-facing wall of the Pentagon

Crash sight of Flight 93

World Trade Center During the September 11th attacks

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Definitions of Terrorism

• Definitions:– State Statutes– Code of Federal Regulations (28 C.F.R. Section 0.85)– FBI

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Domestic Terrorism

Group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States or its territories without foreign direction.

Timothy McVeigh

Alfred P. Murrah Building, 1995

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International Terrorism

• Occurs outside the United States or transcends national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished.

• Can include affecting the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping.

World Trade Center 9/11/2001

Usama bin Laden

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Categories of Terrorist Related Activity

Responder in Level A Using M256 Chemical Agent Detector

Dynamite/Pipe Bomb Improvised Explosive Device

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Formal Terrorist Organizations

• Autonomous, transnational groups that have their own personnel, infrastructures, financial arrangements, and training facilities.

• Active Groups– Palestinian Hamas– Irish Republican Army– Egyptian El-Gama Al-Islamiyya

(IG)– Lebanese Hizballah

Hizballah

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State Sponsored Terrorism

• Terrorism is viewed as a tool of foreign policy.

• U.S. Department of State's List of State Sponsors of Terrorism– Primary Sponsors

• Iran – Pose greatest threat to the U.S.

• Iraq• Sudan• Libya

– Other Countries• Syria• North Korea• Cuba

Libya’s Muammar Qaddafi,

Iraq’s Saddam Hussein

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Cyber -Terrorism

• Definition:

– The use of cyber tools to shut down critical national infrastructures for the purpose of coercing or intimidating a government or civilian population.

– Theft of highly classified information from government agencies.

– Interruption of electrical power.– Intrusions sponsored by foreign powers.– Defacing or hacking of web sites.

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Terrorist Acts in the U.S.

• From 1980-2001, the FBI recorded 349 incidents.– 257 Domestic– 92 International

WTC 9/11 Impromptu Memorial

U.S. Embassy in Kenya, 1998

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Example of a Recent Terrorist Attack in the U.S.

• July 6, 2002: A 41-year old Egyptian National killed two Israeli nationals and wounded four others at the El Al ticket counter in Los Angeles, California.

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Examples of Recent Incidents That Were Not Acts of Terrorism

• January 7, 2002: A 15-year old boy crashed a Cessna into a Tampa Office building

• October 2-14, 2002: The “Beltway Snipers” are credited with eleven separate shootings before their capture, terrorizing Washington D.C. and the surrounding area.

Why were these acts not considered terrorism?

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Potential Targets

• Terrorists target critical facilities.• Some critical facilities are centralized points with

large numbers of people. • These centers of gravity can also be where

community functions are gathered at a single location, which could include:– Transportation hubs– Sporting and Special Events– Government Buildings– Utility Centers

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Activity: Targets of Terrorism in Your Community

For this activity, participants need to form groups of three to five people from different disciplines. As a group, the participants should take 10-15 minutes to discuss and complete all of the following items.

1. List 5 potential targets of terrorism.2. Briefly explain why these places are potential

targets for terrorists.3. Describe how terrorists might attack each of the

five potential targets in your community.

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Summary

• Discussed the definitions, history, and threat of terrorism.

• Compared and contrasted domestic and international terrorism.

• Analyzed the community for potential targets of terrorism.

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