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ANSWERS

HCSEXAM2019

POLITYTEST1

1.a)RighttoholdpublicofficeisaPoliticalright.Definitionofpoliticalrights.:therightsthatinvolveparticipationintheestablishmentoradministrationofagovernmentandareusuallyheldtoentitletheadultcitizentoexerciseofthefranchise,theholdingofpublicoffice,andotherpoliticalactivities—comparecivilrights.

2.ansb)AccordingtotheTableofPrecedencepublishedbytheUnionGovernmenttheAttorney‐GeneralforIndiaoccupiestheeleventh_____place.3.Ans:(b)

ThetwonominatedAnglo‐IndiansintheHouseofthePeoplerepresentapopulationofabout(b)140000

4.Ans.a)TheConstitution(OneHundredandSecondAmendment)Act,2018Provide

“constitutionalstatus”toNationalCommissiononBackwardClasses

5.ansa)Additionofarticles338B,342A.

6.ans.a)The103rdamendmentactprovide

10percentreservationforeconomicallyweakersections7.a)AmendmenttoArticle15&16

8.(c)Dejure,Inlawandgovernment,dejuredescribespracticesthatarelegallyrecognized.

9.(b)diminishedTheemolumentsandallowancesofaStateGovernorshallnotbe_(b)diminished_____duringhistermofoffice.10.a)Laskisaid“Stateisknownbytherightsthatitmaintains”?

11.Ans:(A)TheElectionCommissionofIndia(ECI)nominatesordesignatesanOfficeroftheGovernmentoftheState/UnionTerritoryastheChiefElectoralOfficerinconsultationwiththatStateGovernment/UnionTerritoryAdministration.DuringtherecentelectioninMizoram,thecentrallyappointedchiefelectoral


officer(CEO)wasatloggerheadswiththethenchiefministerLalThanhawla.So,ECIreplacedhimwithanotherofficer.12.Ans:(b)

ThegroundsunderwhichthePresidentmayremoveaGovernorfromofficeare(b)notlaiddownintheConstitutionTheGovernorisaconstitutionalheadoftheStateGovernmentwhoisappointedbythePresidentandholdshisofficeduringthepleasureofthelatter.AGovernor’snormaltermofofficeisfiveyears.ButhecanberemovedbythePresidentatanytimewithoutassigninganycause.

13.b)1921

Imperialism:Thehigheststageofcapitalismwaspublishedintheyear

14.Ans:(C)TheNationalFoundationforCommunalHarmony(NFCH)isanautonomousorganisationwiththeMinistryofHomeAffairs.TheFoundationpromotesCommunalHarmonyandstrengthensNationalIntegration.Italsoprovidesfinancialassistanceforreliefandrehabilitationofchildrenrenderedorphanordestituteincommunal,caste,ethnicorterrorist

violence.NFCHorganizedCommunalHarmonyCampaigncoincidingwiththeQaumiEktaWeek(NationalIntegrationWeek–from19thto25November)andobservedtheCommunalHarmonyFlagDayon25November.

15.a)people’sopinion

Plebiscitemeans,avotebywhichthepeopleofanentirecountryordistrictexpressanopinionfororagainstaproposalespeciallyonachoiceofgovernmentorruler.

16.ansa).RamnathKovindwonthePresidentialelectionagainstMeiraKumar.Hewonelectionon20July2017.RamNathKovindreceived65.65%ofthevalidvotes,againstformerSpeakeroftheLokSabha‐MeiraKumar,thepresidentialcandidateoftheOppositionwhoreceived34.35%ofthetotalvotes.

17.a)Negativelibertyimpliesthat,a)freedomshouldbeunlimited.Negativelibertyisfreedomfrominterferencebyotherpeople.Negativelibertyisprimarilyconcernedwithfreedomfromexternalrestraintandcontrastswith


positiveliberty(thepossessionofthepowerandresourcestofulfilone'sownpotential).

18.a)Seeleydefined“Libertyistheoppositeofovergovernment”?

19.(a)Snappoll,Avotetakenunexpectedlywithoutvotershavingbeenbriefedinadvance(a)Snappoll

20Ans:(C)SinceeducationisintheConcurrentList,Stateshavethelibertytodecidethemediumofinstructioninschools.Section29(2)(F)oftheRightofChildrentoFreeandCompulsoryEducation(RTE)Act,2009statesthat“mediumofinstructionshall,asfaraspracticable,beinchild’smothertongue”.TheNationalCurriculumFramework(NCF),2005emphasizestheimportanceofimpartingprimaryeducationinthemothertongueofthechild.TheBhashaSangamprogrammeofDepartmentofSchoolEducation&LiteracyprovidesanopportunitytoschoolsandeducationalinstitutiontoprovidemultilingualexposuretostudentsinIndianLanguages.Theobjectiveistofamiliarizeeverychildwithsimpledialoguesinallthe22languagesunderScheduleVIIIoftheConstitutionofIndia,takinguponelanguageoneachworkingday,toenhancelinguistictoleranceandpromotenationalintegration.

21.ansa)

Recessmeans(a)TheintervalbetweentheprorogationofParliamentanditsreassembly.Aperiodoftimewhentheproceedingsofaparliament,committee,courtoflaw,orotherofficialbodyaretemporarilysuspended.

22.ANSb).Provisionsunder9thschedule(b)Can’tchallengeinacourtoflaw

23.ansb)ThesequenceofprocedureforpassingaBillintheHouseis(b)Firstreading,secondreading,committeestage,reportstage,thirdreading

24.Ans:(B)Thetermthe‘transgenderpersons’isdefinedtocoveranypersonwhosegenderdoesnotmatchthegenderassignedatbirth,aswellastransmen,transwomen,thosewithintersexvariations,thegender‐queer,andthosewhodesignatethemselvesbasedonsocio‐culturalidentitiessuchashijra,aravani,kinnerandjogta.However,adistrictscreeningcommitteemustrecommendtheissueofacertificatetoeachtransgender.Thisisconsideredasagainsttheprincipleofself‐identification.


TheBillcriminalizesbeggingbymakingitanoffenceforsomeonetocompelorenticeatransgenderpersonintoseekingalms.TheBilldoesnotgiveeffecttothefar‐reachingdirectiveoftheSupremeCourttograntbackwardclassreservationtothetransgendercommunity.Inotherwords,thereisnoprovisionforreservationforthetransgendercommunityunderthebackwardclassquota.LokSabhahasrecentlypassedanewBill–TransgenderPersons(ProtectionofRights)Bill2018–toprotecttransgenderpersons.

25.(d)AntagonisticassertioninallspheresoflifeAntagonisticassertioninallspheresoflifeisinherentincommunalism

26.Ans:(A)CentralEmploymentGuaranteeCouncil(CEGC)hasbeenconstitutedunderMahatmaGandhiNREGA,2005.TheMGNREGA,whichpromises100daysofemploymenttoeachruralhouseholdeveryyear,alsostipulatesconstitutionoftheCentralEmploymentGuaranteeCouncil(CEGC).CEGCisresponsibleforacentralmonitoringandevaluationsystemforthescheme,besidesadvisingthegovernmentonits

implementation.TheCEGCisheadedbytheRuralDevelopmentMinisterandcomprisesbothofficialandnon‐officialmembers.Recently,the20thmeetingofCentralEmploymentGuaranteeCouncilwasheldinBhopal.

27.ans(a).ThequalificationfortheChairmanandthemembersoftheFinanceCommissionarespecifiedin(a)FinanceActof1951

28.d).MandalCommissionrecommendationswereappointedby(d)VPSingh

29.a)InIndiathepowerof‘amnesty’hasbeengiventothe(a)President

30.Ans:(A)InthecaseofprematuredissolutionofHouse,theModelCodeofConductcomesintoforcerightfromdissolutionofthehouse.ModelCodeofConducthasnostatutorybacking.Itwasevolvedwiththeconsensusofpoliticalpartieswhohaveconsentedtoabidebytheprinciplesembodiedinthesaidcodeandalsobindsthemtorespectandobserveitinitsletterandspirit.


Inasignificantorder,theElectionCommissionhasdirectedthatmodelcodeofconductwillapplytocaretakergovernments’rightfromdissolutionoftheassembly.Untilnow,themodelcodeofconductwasapplicableonlywithannouncementofpollschedulebytheElectionCommission.

31.b)‘OnIndiaandherproblem’waswrittenbyB)SwamiVivekanda

32.a)SavarkarwasasupporterofA)CulturalNationalism

33.(b)Vice‐President

34a)NationalCommissionforProtectionofChildRights(NCPCR)wasformedina)2005

35.ans(d)

36.d)MorajiDesai,Thefirstnon‐congressprimeministerofIndia?

d)MorajiDesai

37.ans,a)‘TheWestminstermodel’means:A.Britishparliamentarygovernment.

38.ans,a)‘Shadowcabinet’is:A.Acabinetorganizedbytheoppositionleader.39.Ans:(C)Article368(1)oftheConstitutionmandatesthatonlyParliamentcanamendtheConstitutionbyintroducinganewArticle.Article35AintheIndianConstitutionwasinsertedbyanorderofPresidentRajendraPrasadunderArticle370in1954.Parliamentwasnotconsulted.Article35AbestowsthespecialstatusonJammuandKashmir.Article35AgivestheJammuandKashmirStateLegislaturepowertodecidethe‘permanentresidents’oftheStateandgrantthemspecialrightsand

privilegesinStatepublicsectorjobs,acquisitionofpropertywithintheState,scholarshipsandotherpublicaidandwelfareprogrammes.Currently,apetitionispendingbeforetheSupremeCourtregardingtheconstitutionalvalidityofArticle35A.40.b(b)Poweristhecapacitytob.Holdsovereignty

41.ans,d)alloftheabove

42.ans,d)TheAustiantheoryattributestothesovereignd.Absolutejudicialauthority


43.a)TheadministrativeStaffCollegeofIndiawasestablished:a)1957

44.Ans:(a)

Articles20‐22relatetothefundamentalrighttolifeandpersonalliberty.Theserightsareavailableto:(a)citizensandnon‐citizens45.Ans:(c)I,IIandIVthefollowingFundamentalDutiesaslistedintheConstitution?I.Topreservetheheritageofourcompositeculture.II.ToabidebytheConstitution.IV.Torendernationalservicewhencalledupontodoso.(c)I,IIandIV

46.Ans:(c)TheconstitutionofIndiarecognizes(c)Religiousandlinguisticminorities

Article29refersto"minorities"initsmarginalheading,itspeaks/definesof"anysectionofcitizenshavingadistinctlanguage,scriptandculture"."TheConstitutionofIndiausedthewordminorityoritspluralforminsomeArticles,29to30and350Ato350B"

Article30speaksabouttwocategoriesofminorities‐‐religiousandlinguistic–

whileArticle350relatestolinguisticminorities.

47.Ans:(a)

PreventiveDetentionforaperiodofmorethanthreemonthscanbeorderedonlyontherecommendationofanAdvisoryBoardwhosechairmanshallbeajudgeofa/the(a)HighCourt48.Ans:(b)

Theproclamationofemergencyonthegroundofexternalaggressionissuedon3.12.1971wasrevokedon(b)March27,1977

49.Ans:(d)ThefirstNationalEmergencydeclaredinOctober1962lastedtill(d)1968

50.a)ThesecondNationalEmergencydeclaredinDecember1971lastedtill197751.Ans:(C)TheConstitution(123Amendment)Bill,2017extendstheconstitutionalstatustotheNationalCommissionforBackwardClasses(NCBC).TheNationalCommissionforBackwardClasses(NCBC)wouldnotencroach


upontherightsofStategovernmentsastheywouldhavetheirownbackwardclasscommissions.StateshadtheirownlistsofOBCcastes,whiletheCentrehadaseparateoneandthattheNCBCwouldmakerecommendationsonlytotheCentre.Thecommission’srecommendationsarenotbindinguponthegovernment.TheConstitution(123Amendment)Bill,2017wasrecentlyclearedbytheRajyaSabha.TheLokSabhahadearlierpassedthelawwithmorethanatwothirdsmajority.

52.Ans:(c)

AdministratorsofUnionTerritoriesareresponsibletothe(c)President53.Ans:(c)TherighttovoteinanelectioninIndiais(c)Statutory

54.a)January25"NationalVoters'Day"wasstartedfrom2011

55.Ans:(D)Section497ofIPCdealswithadultery,section124Adealswithseditionandsection377dealswithsexualactivitiesthatareagainsttheorderofthenature.

Section497,124Aand377areoftenseeninthenewsintherecenttimes.56.Ans:(d)

(d)Righttonegotiate

57.Ans:(b)

TheFrenchSettlementofPondicherry(now,Puducherry)wascededtoIndiabytheFrenchGovernmentin(b)1954

58.Ans:(b)

TheStateofMysorewasrenamedasKarnatakaintheyear(b)1973

59.Ans:(a)

TheLegislativeAssemblyofJammuandKashmirconsistsof_____memberschosenbydirectelectionand_____womenmembersnominatedbytheGovernor.(a)100,260.Ans:(C)TheAdministrativeReformsCommission(ARC)ofIndia(1966–


1970)recommendedthesettingupoftwospecialauthoritiesdesignatedas‘Lokpal’and‘lokayukta’fortheredressalofcitizens’grievances.JurisdictionofLokpalundertheLokpalandLokayuktasAct(2013)coversPrimeMinister(withsubjectmatterexclusionsandspecificprocessforhandlingcomplaintsagainstthePrimeMinister),Ministers,andMembersofParliament,GroupA,B,CandDofficersandofficialsofCentralGovernment.AspertheLokpalandLokayuktasAct,2013theLokpalcannotsuomotuproceedagainstanypublicservant.61.Ans:(a)

ThefirstGovernorevertobedismissedbythePresidentwas(a)PrabhudasPatwari62.Ans:(D)UnderArticle269A(1)theGSTCouncil—andnottheFinanceCommission—hasthepowerstomakerecommendationsinrelationtothesharingoftaxesfrominter‐Statetrade.Articles270(1A)and270(2)providethattaxesleviedundertheGSTlawswillbesharedinthemanner‘prescribed’inArticle270(2)—whichisrelatedtothe

FinanceCommission,andnottheGSTCouncil.TaxationpowersandsharingoftaxesarethecontentiousissuesintheCentreStaterelationship.63.Ans:(b)CivilproceedingsmaybebroughtagainstthePresidentinrespectofhispersonalactsbutonlyIf_____months'noticeinwritinghasbeendeliveredtohim.(b)two64.Ans:(A)TheNationalCommissionforWomen(NCW)wassetupasastatutorybodyinJanuary1992undertheNationalCommissionforWomenAct,1990to:�ReviewtheConstitutionalandLegalsafeguardsforwomen�Recommendremediallegislativemeasures�Facilitateredressalofgrievances�AdvisetheGovernmentonallpolicymattersaffectingwomenNCWconsistsofaChairpersonandfiveMemberstobenominatedbytheCentralGovernment.Theyshallholdofficeforaperiodofthreeyearsortilltheageof65years,whicheveristheearlier.InOctober2015formerIASofficerAlokRawatwasappointedasamemberof


theNationalCommissionforWomen.HeisthefirstmaletobeappointedasamemberofNCW.Recently,MinistryofWomenandChildDevelopmentnominatedSmt.ChandramukhiDevi,Smt.SosoShaizaandSmt.KamleshGautamasmembersofNCW.

65.Ans:(b)

(b)AndamanandNicobarIslands______is/arenotcoveredbyanyZonalCouncil.(b)AndamanandNicobarIslands66.Ans:(A)WildlifeCrimeControlBureauisastatutorymulti‐disciplinarybodyestablishedbytheGovernmentofIndiaundertheWildLife(Protection)Act,1972.TheBureauworkstheMinistryofEnvironmentandForests,tocombatorganizedwildlifecrimeinthecountry.TheBureauhasit’sheadquarterinNewDelhi.AdditionalDirectorGeneral(WildLife)istheex‐officiodirectoroftheWildlifeCrimeControlBureau.EstablishmentofWCCBwasrecommendedbytheTigerTaskForce(2005)setupbytheMinistryofEnvironmentandForests,toreviewthemanagementof

tigerreserves,aftermaththedisappearanceofTigersfromtheSariskaTigerReserveinRajasthan.UnitedNationEnvironmenthasawardedWildlifeCrimeControlBureau(WCCB)withAsiaEnvironmentEnforcementAwards,2018forexcellentworkdonebytheBureauincombatingtrans‐boundaryenvironmentalcrime.

67.Ans:(b)

TheletterofresignationofaJudgeoftheHighCourtshouldbeaddressedtothe(b)PresidentofIndia68.Ans:(A)SalientfeaturesoftheSurrogacy(Regulation)Bill2016:

OnlyaltruisticsurrogacybyinfertileIndiancouplesfroma"closerelative"onlyallowed.�Thecouplealsohastobelegallymarriedforatleastfiveyearsandpossessacertificatefromadoctorstatingthattheyaremedicallyunfittoproduceachild.�Singles,homosexualsandlive‐incouplescannotapplyforsurrogacy.�Coupleswhoalreadyhavechildrenwillalsonotbeallowedtooptforsurrogacy.


�OnlyIndiancitizenscanavailsurrogacy.Foreigners,NRIsandPIOsarenotallowedtocommissionsurrogacyinthecountry.�Womenwithintheagegroupof23yearsto50yearsandmenagedbetween26and55yearswillbeeligibletogoinforsurrogacy.�Thechildwillbedeemedtobethelegaloffspringoftheintendedcouple.�Awomancanbeasurrogateonlyonceinherlifetime.�Onceenacted,thenationalsurrogacyboardwillbeconstitutedatthecentrallevel,whilethestatesandUnionterritorieswillconstitutethestatesurrogacyboardsandstateappropriateauthoritieswithinthreemonthsofthenotificationbytheUniongovernment.Whyisthisquestionimportant?TheLokSabharecentlypassedtheSurrogacy(Regulation)Bill2016,aimedatbanningcommercialsurrogacytoprotectwomenfromexploitation.

69.Ans:(a)

WhenthePrimeMinistertendershisresignationtheUnionCabinet(a)remainsautomaticallydissolved70.Ans:(C)

ThegovernmentapprovedamendmentstotheProtectionofChildrenfromSexualOffences(POCSO)Act,2012,tobringpunishmentsforsexualassaultsonboysonaparwiththoseagainstgirls.Theseincludetheprovisionofthedeathpenaltywhenthechildislessthan12yearsandwhenapenetrativesexualassaultiscommittedbyarelative.ThePOCSOActdefinesachildasanypersonbeloweighteenyearsofage.ThegovernmentrecentlyapprovedamendmentstotheProtectionofChildrenfromSexualOffences(POCSO)Act,2012.

71Ans:(c)

ThePresidentcanremovetheChiefElectionCommissionerfromofficeon(c)theadviceofParliament

72.Ans:(A)TheAnimalWelfareBoardofIndiaisastatutoryadvisorybodyonAnimalWelfareLawsandpromotesanimalwelfareinthecountry.Establishedin1962underthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimalsAct,1960,theAnimalWelfareBoardofIndiawasstartedunderthestewardshipofLateSmt.


RukminiDeviArundale.ItworksundertheadministrativecontrolofMinistryofEnvironment,ForestandClimateChange.Recently,UnionMinisterManekaGandhiaccusedtheAnimalWelfareBoardofIndia(AWBI),ofbeinglaxinenforcementofrulesthatspecifyhowwildanimalscanbedepictedinfilmsandtelevisionprogrammes.

73Ans:(b)

WhenMrs.GandhibecamePrimeMinisterin1965shewasamemberof(b)RajyaSabha

74.Ans:(C)TheNationalDigitalCommunicationspolicyaimsto:�Provideuniversalbroadbandconnectivityat50Mbpstoeverycitizen;�Provide1GbpsconnectivitytoallGramPanchayatsby2020and10Gbpsby2022;�Ensureconnectivitytoalluncoveredareas;�AttractinvestmentsofUSD100billionintheDigitalCommunicationsSector;�TrainonemillionmanpowerforbuildingNewAgeSkill;�Establishacomprehensivedataprotectionregimefordigital

communicationsthatsafeguardstheprivacy,autonomyandchoiceofindividuals�FacilitateIndia'seffectiveparticipationintheglobaldigitaleconomy;�EnforceaccountabilitythroughappropriateinstitutionalmechanismstoassurecitizensofsafeandSecuredigitalcommunicationsinfrastructureandservices.TheUnionCabinetchairedbyPrimeMinisterNarendraModihasrecentlyapprovedtheNationalDigitalCommunicationsPolicy‐2018(NDCP‐2018)

75. Ans:(c)JawaharlalNehruwasnotamemberoftheDraftingCommitteeoftheConstituentAssemblyofIndia?

76.Ans:(C)

Article244(1)oftheConstitutionprovidethattheGovernormaymakeregulationsforthepeaceandgoodgovernmentofanyareainaStatewhichisforthetimebeingaScheduledArea.Inparticular,andwithoutprejudicetothegeneralityoftheforegoingpower,suchregulationsmay—


�ProhibitorrestrictthetransferoflandbyoramongmembersoftheScheduledTribesinsucharea.�RegulatetheallotmentoflandtomembersoftheScheduledTribesinsucharea.�Regulatethecarryingonofbusinessasmoney‐lenderbypersonswholendmoneytomembersoftheScheduledTribesinsucharea.Inmakinganysuchregulation,theGovernormayrepealoramendanyActofParliamentoroftheLegislatureoftheStateoranyexistinglawwhichisforthetimebeingapplicabletotheareainquestion.

77.Ans:(a)

ThepoweroftheSupremeCourtofIndiatodecidedisputesbetweentheCentreandtheStatesfailunderits(a)OriginalJurisdiction78.Ans:(C)TheStateFinanceCommission(SFC)isauniqueinstitutioncreatedbythe73rdand74ConstitutionalAmendments(CAs)torationalizeandsystematizeState/sub‐State‐levelfiscalrelationsinIndia.Article243IoftheConstitutionmandatedtheStateGovernortoconstituteaFinanceCommissionwithinoneyearoftheCAs(beforeApril24,1994)andthereaftereveryfiveyears.

StateFinanceCommissionsareconstitutionalbodies.TheyarenotsubservienttotheUnionFinanceCommission.

79.Ans:(c)

TheemolumentsoftheChairmanandDeputyChairmanofaStateLegislativeCouncilarefixedbythe(c)StateLegislature80.Ans:(B)TheprocessofcreatinganUpperHouseislengthy.TheStateAssemblyhastopassaresolutionforthecreationoftheCouncilbyamajorityofitstotalmembership.Thereafter,Parliamenthastoenactalawtocreateit.Asfarascreationofnewlegislativecouncilsforthestatesisconcerned,thereisnospecialpowertotheRajyasabha.Recently,theOdishaproposedtocreatea49‐memberLegislativeCouncil.

81.Ans:(a)

TheElectionCommissionisa(a)tribunal

82.Ans:(B)


TheInternationalInstituteforDemocracyandElectoralAssistance(IDEA),aninter‐countryorganisation,publishedTheGlobalStateofDemocracyIndex(GSoD).TheGlobalStateofDemocracyIndex(GSoD)looksatthetrendsindemocratisationfrom1975to2017.TheGlobalStateofDemocracyIndex(GSoD)recordsasignificantdipinIndia’srecordoncivilliberties,personalintegrityandsecurity,freedomofassociation,mediaintegrity,andgenderequality.

83.Ans:(a)

GovernorofJammuandKashmiriscompetenttodissolvetheStateAssemblyundertheJammuandKashmirConstitution.84.Ans:(c)

ThePortugueseenclavesofDadraandNagarHaveliwereintegratedwithIndiaaftertheJudgement(inIndia'sCavour)ofthe(c)InternationalCourtofJustice

85.Ans:(c)

Dr.Ambedkarhadsaidthe"Article_____shouldnormallyremaina'deadletter'andwouldbeusedonlyinthe

'lastresort'(c)356

86.Ans:(a)

AnadditionalJudgeofaHighCourtholdsofficeCoraperiodof(a)2years

87.Ans:(b)ThemandatoryprovisionofdissolutionoftheLokSabha(i.e.fiveyearsfromthedateofitsfirstmeeting)maybeextendedby____duringanemergency.(b)Oneyear

88.Ans:(c)

TheGovernorofaStateenjoys(c)discretionarypowersincertainmatters89.Ans:(c)

TheFirstAmendmentintroducedin1951addedanewScheduletotheConstitution.Itisthe__Schedule.(c)Ninth

90.Ans:(d)

DrCDDeshmukhformerRBIGovernorswasaPresidentialcandidatein1969.(d)DrCDDeshmukh


91.Ans:(d)

TheNationalIntegrationCouncilischairedbythe(d)PrimeMinisterofIndia92.C93.CNo‐confidenceMotionorMotionofNo‐confidenceisoneofdifferenttypesofmotionsinIndianParliament.TheconstitutionalprovisionbehindthismotionisArticle75,whichsaysthat“CouncilofMinistersshallbecollectivelyresponsibletotheLokSabha”Thus,acouncilofministersstaysinofficeaslongasitenjoystheconfidenceofmajorityofthemembersofLokSabha.LokSabhacanremovetheministryfromofficebypassingmotionofno‐confidencebysimplemajority.ThefirstNo‐confidencemotionwasmovedin 1963 against Jawaharlal Nehrugovernment.Otherprimeministersto facemotion of no‐confidence include IndiraGandhi, Morar Ji Desai, Rajiv Gandhi, PVNarasimhaRaoandAtalBihariVajpayee.The firstgovernment tobebroughtdownbyano‐confidencemotionwasofMorarJiDesai.InJuly2018,amotionofno‐confidencehasbeengrantedleaveagainstNarendraModiled NDA government. This is first suchmotion in last15 years.ManmohanSinghgovernment never faced a no‐confidencemotionduringitsofficeyears.94.A95.C

TheconceptofPublicInterestLitigationoriginatedintheUnitedStates96.Bawritrequiringapersonunderarresttobebroughtbeforeajudgeorintocourt,especiallytosecuretheperson'sreleaseunlesslawfulgroundsareshownfortheirdetention.97.C'JudicialReview'functionoftheSupremeCourtmeansthepowertoexaminetheconstitutionalvalidityofthelaws98.C99.CTheKingdomofSikkimwasfoundedbytheNamgyaldynastyinthe17thcentury.ItwasruledbyaBuddhistpriest‐kingknownastheChogyal.ItbecameaprincelystateofBritishIndiain1890.After1947,SikkimcontinueditsprotectoratestatuswiththerepublicofIndia.ItenjoyedthehighestliteracyrateandpercapitaincomeamongHimalayanstates.In1973,anti‐royalistriotstookplaceinfrontoftheChogyal'spalace.In1975,themonarchywasdeposedbythepeople.Areferendumin1975ledtoSikkimjoiningIndiaasits22ndstate.100.D

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1 |KUSHMANDA IAS HCS ACADEMY 100,BLOCK C, TDI …kushmanda.com/.../uploads/2019/02/ANS-POLITY-TEST-1-HCS-EXAM-2019.pdf · 1 |kushmanda ias hcs academy 100,block c, tdi city,panipat