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PROJECT

DATE BYSEPT 2, 2010 SOLENE BICHE

SPACE EXPLORATION & DISCOVERIES 1950’S-2000’S

Wednesday, September 1, 2010

1950’s1957- Russia launched the first satellite (Sputnik 1) into space. Sputnik was the first satellite in orbit around the earth!!!

1957- The Russians sent Laika (in a spacecraft known as Sputnik 2) to orbit the earth, making Laika the first animal to orbit the earth.

1958- A squirrel monkey (Gordo) survived a 300-mile journey into space, however the rocket had a technical difficulty and Gordo was dropped in the South Atlantic.

1959- Two monkeys Able & Barker survived a space mission!!

1959- Russians scientists successfully sent their rocket ( Lunik II) into the moon the rocket crash-landed into the moon. The russians first attempt was with Lunik I, unfortunately Lunik I missed its target and continued out into space.

1959- Russians launched Lunik 3 and obtained the first pictures of the far side of the Moon.


1960’s1960-The British radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire has sets a space record making contact with the American Pioneer V satellite at a distance of 407,000 miles.

1961- A chimp named Ham is sent into space in a rocket by the United States.

1961- A Russian Cosmonaut named Yuri Gagarin was sent in space, making him the first man in space! Gagarin's spacecraft, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of the earth, and landed about two hours after launch.

1961- Astronaut Commander Alan B. Shepard becomes the first American in space.

1961- Kennedy promises to send the first man on the moon by 1970, thereby calling for millions of dollars to fund a space program.

1961- The USSR launches for the second time a cosmonaut into spac, named Major Gherman Titov, who spent the whole day in orbit over the Earth aboard his one-person Vostok II spacecraft.

1962- Mercury Friendship 7 lifts off with Marine Lieutenant John Glenn making him the first American in orbit, John orbits the Earth three times.

1962- First US rocket successfully lands on Moon.

1962-U.S. Mariner 2, the first successful planetary spacecraft, flies past Venus taking the first-ever scan from space of the planet Venus.

1963- Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space!!

1963 - Martin Schmidt interprets the behavior of 3C 273 - the first known quasar.

1964 - U.S. Ranger 7 relays the first close-range photographs of the Moon.

1965 - Ranger 9 transmits high-quality images of the moon, many of which were shown to the public.

1965- Gemini V returns to Earth with Charles Conrad and Gordon Cooper in excellent health condition, making the both of them set a new a space endurance record.

1966 - Soviet Luna 9 is the first spacecraft to soft-land on the moon.

1966 - Soviet Luna 10 is the first spacecraft to orbit the moon.

1966 - Surveyor 1 is the first U.S. spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon.

1967-Three astronauts die in Apollo 1(the first mission of the Apollo manned lunar landing program)

1967 - Soviet Soyuz 1 is launched, carrying Vladimir M. Komarov. On April 24 it crashed, killing Komarov, the first spaceflight fatality.

1968- The Apollo 8 spacecraft and three astronauts safely orbited around the Moon making them the first man to orbit around the moon.

1969-July 21st 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first men on the moon, and his first words were "the Eagle has landed". “Their spaceship, Apollo 11 worked perfectly, flying them 250,000 miles to the moon, and bringing them all the way back safely to earth.”


http://www.spacekids.co.uk/moon

http://www.spacekids.co.uk/moon

1970’s1970- Apollo 13 experienced an explosion “in the fuel cells of the spacecraft's service module”, the astronauts on board improvised repairs and manage to get home and although the crew didn’t have the chance to walk on the moon they made it home alive.

1970 - Soviet’s space probe (Luna 16) is launched and becomes the first automatic spacecraft to successfully return with samples of lunar soil.

1971- Alan Shepard becomes the first man to play golf on the Moon!!

1971- Three Russian cosmonauts are found dead after what seemed to’ve been a “perfect landing”, however the crew did spend 24 days in space, thus breaking the record of the longest period anyone has yet remained "weightless",

1971- Astronauts aboard apollo 15 uncover a rock which may date back to the origin of the Moon!

1971- American probe (Mariner 9) orbits Mars, making Mariner 9 the first spacecraft to orbit another planet.

1972- Apollo 16 arrives safely on the Moon after engine crisis making them the fifth team to step down onto the Moon.

1972- Apollo 17 mission was the last manned moon mission.

1974- Americans ends their outer space marathon, breaking a record of 85 day!

1976 - Space craft (Viking 1) has become the first U.S. attempt to soft land a spacecraft on another planet, the space craft arrived home bringing with it the first photos of Mars’s surface.

1979- Skylab I (unoccupied scientific lap orbiting the earth) tumbled down back to Earth, scattering debris along the way on the southern Indian Ocean and Western Australia.

1979- Europe successfully launches its first rocket called Ariane 1.


1980’s1980- The space probe (Voyager 1) reached Saturn, sending “back the first vivid photographs of the planet.”

1981 - The European Space Agency launches its third Ariane rocket.

1981 - The ESA launches a fourth Ariane rocket.

1982 - Soviets launch space probe-Venera 13 that successfully landed on Venus and providing us with the first Venusian soil analysis.

1983- US astronaut Sally Ride becomes the first American women in space.

1986- January 28 the space shuttle Challenger explodes shortly after liftoff of mission STS-51L killing 7 astronauts.

1986- Soviets launch space station-Mir, the world's biggest space station, Mir.

1988- The US successfully launched the space shuttle (discovery) making it the first manned space mission since the Challenger disaster.

1989- The space probe (Voyager 2) was launched on August 20 the spacecraft reached Neptune sending “back the first close-up pictures of Neptune and its satellite planets” in 1989.


1990’sApril 24, 1990 - The Space Shuttle Discovery was successfully launched and deployed the Edwin P. Hubble Space Telescope, astronomical observatory.

1990 - On August the U.S. spacecraft Magellan arrived at Venus, where for the next year it took radar images of the surface.

1991- Helen Sharman is sent into Orbit making her the first british person ever to go into orbit.

1995- Michael Foale become the first British-born American to walk in space and Dr Bernard Harris, the first black astronaut.

1995- The US shuttle snd Russian spacecraft “have successfully docked in orbit for the first time in 20 years.The US shuttle Atlantis delivered a relief crew of two cosmonauts to the Russian Mir space station, signalling a new era of space co-operation between the two former Cold War rivals.”

1996-November 19, 1996 the Space Shuttle Columbia lifts off for its 21st space flight, thus setting a record of almost 18 days. Also aboard the flight was Story Musgrave, at that time the oldest man to fly in space 61 years old.

1997- A robot (Sojourner) has started the exploration of the Red Planet.

1998- The world’s oldest astronaut, John Glenn comes back from a nine day mission orbiting the earth.

1999-November 19, 1999 the chinese launch Shenzhou making it the first unmanned test of their manned capsule.


2000’s2000-October 31, 2000, “the Expedition One crew is launched on a Soyuz transport to become the first crew of the ISS.”

2001- On April Mr Tito became the first paying passenger to go to outer space, paying $20m!

2003- On February the 1st the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere, killing the crew.

2003-Yang Liwei became China’s first astronaut!

2003- The Mars space probe (Beagle 2 ) that was suppose to scatter the red planet disappears.

2004- Nasa sends the Opportunity rover on Mars to look for water.


http://www.space.com/marsrover/




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