1 LECTURE 2 DEMOCRACY. 2 3.1 A democratic world: for the first time in history, most people now live...
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1 LECTURE 2 DEMOCRACY. 2 3.1 A democratic world: for the first time in history, most people now live in democracies (p. 43). 3.2 Direct democracy as the
2 3.1 A democratic world: for the first time in history, most
people now live in democracies (p. 43). 3.2 Direct democracy as the
denial of any separation between state and society. Ancient Athens
(Greek) as the prime example (pp. 43-6).
Slide 3
U.S. President Barack Obama delivers a speech on healthcare
reform before a joint session of Congress as Vice President Joseph
Biden (L) and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) applaud on
Capitol Hill in Washington, Wednesday night, September 9, 2009
(Thursday morning Cambodia, 10 September 2009). Vice President Joe
Biden US House Speaker Peloci
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There are about 530 Congressmen in the US Congress
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UTAH FLORIDA MASSACHUSETTS CALIFORNIA NEW YORK City -Two
Senators for each State Number of Congressmen depends on the number
of congressional districts- number of constituents
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8
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9 View of the Acropolis and Parthenon from the southwest. Photo
taken in 1998.
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10
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11 Arch of Hadrian. 2nd century A.D. Probably built a little
before 131/132 A.D. when Hadrian visited Athens.
Slide 12
12 The Library of Hadrian, built by the Roman emperor Hadrian,
c. 131/132 A.D. The archaeological site is still under excavation
and is being restored, so that it is not yet open to the general
public.
Slide 13
13 The Library of Hadrian. Detail of the eastern end of the of
the "tetraconch" building. In the background, to the right of
center, is part of the original back wall of the Library of
Hadrian. When the Library was constructed, the limestone blocks of
this wall were covered by slabs of marble veneer. View from the
southeast.
Slide 14
14 The Roman Agora (Market of Caesar and Augustus). View of the
colonnade on the eastern side of the Agora. At right (east) is a
series of shops behind the colonnade. In the middle of the shops
was gateway (or propylon) leading out of the Roman Agora up to the
Tower of the Winds and the so-called Agoranomion. In the distance
on the left side of the photo you can see the Fethiye Camii
(Victory Mosque) built in 1457 A.D. View from the south.
16 The Facility Date Built ca 566 BC Date Renovated 329 BC
1895-1896 2000-2004 Ownership (Management) Greek Government (Greek
Government) Surface Grass Cost of Construction Unknown Olympic
Capacity 80,000 Luxury Suites None Club Seats None
Slide 17
17 The ruins of ancient Olympia were excavated by the German
archaeologist Ernst Curtius from 1875-1881.
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18 The Facility: Date Built 0070-0080 Ownership (Management)
Italian Government; Surface Dirt/Wood Cost of Construction Slave
Labor Stadium Architect Emperor Vespasian, Emperor Titus Capacity
55,000 to 70,000 Standing; Luxury Suites 1 Suite Senator Seats
Unknown Roman Colosseum: the Flavian Amphitheatre
Slide 19
19 But let the figures speak for themselves: the major axis of
its elliptical plan is 188 m (616.80 feet) long, the minor axis
attains 156 m (511.81 feet), and the walls in the outer ring rise
to almost 50 m (164.04 feet) above the ground; more than 100,000
cubic metres (130,795.06 cubic yards) of travertine were used to
build it and even the metal cramps that held the blocks together
must have weighed more than 300 tons.
Slide 20
20 During shows the arena would be surrounded by a metal mesh
attached to poles and spiked with elephant tusks; the top of the
mesh was furbished with ivory rollers, so that the animals could
not get a foothold there and escape from the arena. Just in case,
the niches in the podium of the bottom tier of gradins were always
full of archers, ever ready to intervene. Pollice Verso, 1872
Artist: Jean-Leon Gerome
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21 This image is a screenshot from the 2000 film
Gladiator.
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22 City of Rome, ITALY, today. Roman Colosseum
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23 TODAY Roman Colosseum
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Slide 25
Cambodian police officers keep garment factory workers from the
main road as they march at May Day rally in Phnom Penh, Cambodia,
Saturday, May 1, 2010. Hundreds of Cambodian garment factory
workers took part in the May Day celebrations, demanding the
government to enhance the minimum wage and their working condition.
(AP Photo/Heng Sinith) Liberal Democracy? Thousands of Asians rally
for jobs, pay on May Day Heng Sinith. The Argus Press, posted:
Saturday, May 1, 2010 6:40 am
http://www.argus-press.com/news/national/image_cf6f28fb-8740-5df9-9b18-f777d0591852.html
Political system/culture
Slide 26
26 CouncilAssembly Selection by lot for one-year period
Selection by lot for a specific case- from a panel of volunteers
ADULT MALE CITIZENS Women, Slaves, non-residents and children The
Direct Democracy of Ancient Athens Note: Citizenship was a
birthright which could not normally be acquired by other means
People Court
Slide 27
Mr. Aritotle is a Greek political scientist, philosopher and
Political Science Founder
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28 3.3 Deliberative democracy: open debate to encourage public
reason and the weighing of judgements rather than the counting of
votes. Leibs proposal for a popular chamber to be added to Americas
government (pp. 46-8). (Read: Asian Democracy, pp. 48) 3.4 Modern
representative democracy: indirect rather than direct democracy.
Compatibility with large states and market economies. Schumpeters
view of representative democracy as party competition (pp.
48-9).
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29 3.5 Liberal democracy. Features include constitutional
limits on government, entrenched (well-established; unshakable)
rights of individual citizens and a role for expertise. Reasons for
its emergence (appearance) (pp. 49-52).
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COUNTRY STRUCTURE OF USA
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31 3.6 Illiberal (narrow-minded; mean,stingy) democracy: few
constraints on the president, once elected. The presidents use of
his privileged position to secure reelection. The focus on a strong
but often effective leader, rather than institutions. Harrying of
potential opponents. Manipulation of the media but little if any
ballot-stuffing (pp. 49-52).
Slide 32
32 3.7 The three waves of democratization: the first wave
(1828-1926, e.g. UK, USA), the second wave (1943-62, e.g. India,
Japan), the third wave (1974-91, e.g. Spain, Portugal). The USA as
an example of liberal democracy; Britain as an example of
representative democracy (pp. 52-8; Read Box 3.3: Huntingtons three
waves, pp. 40).
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Vote For Someone who goes above and beyond Good Governance and
Democracy
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AUTHORITARIAN RULE
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4.1 Ten of the 45 largest states by population still ruled by
authoritarian means, including China, Pakistan, Vietnam, Egypt and
Iran. Control of oil (pp. 61-5).
Slide 37
( KPL) The Secretary General of the Communist Party of Vietnam
Nong Duc Manh arrived here yesterday morning on an official visit
to Laos on April 13- 15 at the invitation of Lao Party Secretary
General and State President Choummaly Sayasone. An official welcome
ceremony for Comrade Nong Duc Manh with his delegation took place
at the Presidential Palace Hor Kham by Mr. Choummaly Sayasone,
Secretary General of the Lao Peoples Revolutionary Party. (From
laovoice.com, 14 April 2010)
Slide 38
Authoritarian Government of Burma (Myanmar) POWER FROM THE
PEOPLE?
Slide 39
Government of Iran: Hardliner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on Wednesday
(5 August 2009) sworn in for a second term as Iranian president in
a ceremony likely to be snubbed by opposition leaders who claim he
was fraudulently re-elected. (AFP/Behrouz Mehri) T530PM-TH630PM
IRAN: Islamic Government Religiously Extreme POWER FROM THE
PEOPLE?
Slide 40
WHO EVER THOUGHT SADDAM HUSSEIN AND HIS CRONIES WERE EVER PUT
IN A TRIAL IN FRONT OF THE WORLD/IRAQI CITIZENS: TYRANNY GUILT
POWER FROM THE PEOPLE?
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Zimbabwe election has been rigged (fixed/falsified) by
intimidation, fear and violence by President Mugabe (International
Herald Tribune, 4 July 2008) POWER FROM THE PEOPLE?
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ROBERT MUGABE, President of Zimbabwe POWER FROM THE
PEOPLE?
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43 Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe strongman (From bccnews.com) He has,
however, always been regarded as something of a political enigma
(mystery,puzzle). Local journalists who have tried to investigate
these and other allegations against Mr Mugabe and his family say
they have been intimidated and in some cases tortured. Until
recently, Mr Mugabe had always been able to stifle political
opposition. His Zanu-PF party still dominates what is virtually a
one party state occupying 147 out of the country's 150
parliamentary seats. He controls the military, police, national
committee of elction he has jailed Opposition party member and
tortured, etc.
Slide 44
4.2 The concept of a totalitarian regime (mainly communist and
fascist): theoretically transformative and mobilizing. Totalitarian
regime here treated as a form of authoritarian - that is, non-
democratic - rule (pp. 61-5).
Slide 45
4.3 Characteristics of authoritarian rule : limited
institutionalization, political vulnerability, economic stagnation.
Reliance on the military, patronage and the media to maintain the
ruling elite (pp. 61-5).
Slide 46
4.4 Communist states as party-led regimes with unequalled
penetration of society. Governed about one in three of the worlds
population at their peak in the 1970s and 1980s. The contrast
between Marxs ideals and the authoritarian reality. Lenins notion
of the vanguard party. Economic planning as a dead-end once
industrialization achieved. Continued economic growth sustains
China and Vietnam as purely nominal communist states, fuelled in
part by corruption (pp. 65- 9).
Slide 47
4.5 Fascist states as leader-dominated regimes which sought to
rebuild traditional national glories through an all-embracing
modern order. Mussolinis Italy as an example. Again, a contrast
between fascist theory and poorly-administered regimes. The end of
the fascist challenge in 1945 (pp. 72-3).
Slide 48
4.6 Personal despotisms: a single individual rules though fear
and rewards, relying on a personal security force to maintain
power. Examples: Dominican Republic ( Trujillo), Haiti (Franois
Duvalier) (pp. 73-4).
Slide 49
4.7 Military government as a common form of rule in developing
countries 1960s-1980s. Superpower support as a factor encouraging
coups. The limited impact of many such governments. The retreat of
the generals in the 1980s and 1990s but the difficult legacy of
many post- military regimes (pp. 74-8).
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4.8 Other types of authoritarian rule: party regimes
(non-totalitarian), ruling royal families (Middle East), theocracy
( Iran), ruling president ( Uzbekistan) (pp. 76-81).