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mac1_Lesson 02 MATERIAL PRODUZIDO POR ASSOCIAÇÃO CULTURA INGLESA SP 26/01/2012

1. English has the enormous g __________ status that it currently has because of the

p __________ it has enjoyed in the last 400 years.

2. M _____________ power through the British Empire.

3. T ___________ power through the Industrial revolution.

4. C __________ power in the 20th century.

5. English has c __________ the boundaries of nations.

6. It is s __________ everywhere.7. It affects people’s c ___________ and the way people speak their own language.

8. In today’s world, English gives you the power of c ___________.




3. T ___________ power through the Industrial revolution.4. C __________ power in the 20th century.


6. It is s __________ everywhere.

7. It affects people’s c ___________ and the way people speak their own language.

8. In today’s world, English gives you the power of c ___________.




3. T ___________ power through the Industrial revolution.

4. C __________ power in the 20th century.


6. It is s __________ everywhere.

7.

It affects people’sc ___________ and the way people speak their own language.8. In today’s world, English gives you the power of c ___________.

REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE

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mac1_Lesson 03 MATERIAL PRODUZIDO POR ASSOCIAÇÃO CULTURA INGLESA SP 26/01/2012

Text A

The educational system in Brazil is compulsory for children ages 7 to 14. Brazil has both public and private sectorsin education. Public education is free to all Brazilians. Private schooling is not free. The government gives 25% of itsrevenue to the public schooling system and some to the private. Significant changes have been made in Brazil's educationstructure in the past 25 years, however, there is still a long battle to fight for the educational development in Brazil.

Public schools in Brazil are not well cared for. The building structures, plumbing, and heating are usually interrible condition. Many schools lack equipment needed and resources. In the Northeast region of Brazil, teachers are notwell educated to teach. Many of them have not completed primary school themselves. Poverty and lack of schoolingcontribute to a vicious cycle of illiteracy in Brazil. Some areas of Brazil have more than half of the population that cannotwrite their own name. The country's private schools, however, are in a much better state as more money is given to them

and educated teachers work for these institutions.

Children are required to attend school, however, many of them do not. In the major city centers children doattend public school, however, these are not all the children. Usually, children of rich or middle class families attendschool. Most children from well off families attend private schools unlike the children from poor families. Poor childrenhave to work and cannot go to school because they have to support their families. Others, living in remote areas have totravel a long

distance to get to school and therefore, usually do not attend. The dropout rate in Brazil is very high; 33 out of every 100 students who enter grade one make it to grade six. The numbers continue to drop in high school as well.Another issue that prohibits children from receiving an education are the availability of facilities. Many children want togo to school, however, there is not a school they can go to.

Sometimes schools are too far to travel to or there are not enough classrooms in a school for all children toattend. School hours are sometimes divided into three sessions during the day so that all children have an opportunity to

attend for at least part of the day. Usually, this sharing of the classrooms happens in the cities. The more affluent regionsprovide better education for their people. Today, the government is trying to improve the education system of Brazil.

Brazil still has a huge foreign debt. Much of the country's money goes to pay off the national debt, leaving littlefor the education systems. Since 1998, reform efforts have made high school free and they are allocating 18% of thecountries total budget to education. These efforts are made in hopes that the literacy level will increase. The future of Brazil is dependent on the development of their education system.

Source: http://www.fmpsd.ab.ca/schools/df/brazil/meducation.htm

Text BAs in other areas of social life, education in Brazil is marked by great inequalities, with a highly developed

university system at one extreme and widespread illiteracy at the other.

Despite considerable progress in coverage, serious problems of quality remain. In 1995 the federal governmentwas spending almost twice as much on the universities as on basic education, which is the primary responsibility of statesand municipalities. Local governments often paid teachers wages that were well below the legal minimum.

In 1990 there were 37.6 million students, as compared with 10 million in 1964. Of the 1990 total, 3.9 millionstudents were in preschool, 29.4 million in elementary school, 3.7 million in secondary school, and 1.7 million inuniversity. Despite this progress, less than 40 percent of the high school-age population was enrolled in school.

Because of the economic and social changes that have occurred in Brazil in recent decades, parents now placehigh value on education for their children. Availability of schools has become an important factor in deciding where tolive and how to make a living, even in how many children to have.

Source: U.S. Library of Congress (http://countrystudies.us/brazil/50.htm)


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Support Texts

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mac1_ L04_lggwork _reusable 1 | P a g e

Continuous Aspect

Activity 1

At a point in time ? OR a Period of time ?

1. Somebody is always buying something from somebody, so how can I make them buy from me?

2. A telephone pole had been blocking the view of Ron Bishop’s Canadian gallery, so he solved the

problem by painting the pole with an impressionistic view.

3. It was great publicity! And then the calls were coming in for a whole week, asking if it was for

sale.

4. Successful people will be moving towards the pictures they create in their mind until they reachthem.

Activity 2

Re-write the sentences using the continuous aspect.

1. It’s been several years since the research on the behavior of students in exams began.

2. I didn’t stop thinking about the offer. In fact I was up all night.

3. The examinations are planned for Thursday at 10 .a.m.

4. The whole of this month we have negotiations between ourselves and the Dickson Group.

5. He finally got through to the operator after he had tried countless times for over two hours.

Continuous Aspect

Activity 1

At a point in time ? OR a Period of time ?

1. Somebody is always buying something from somebody, so how can I make them buy from me?


problem by painting the pole with an impressionistic view.

3. It was great publicity! And then the calls were coming in for a whole week, asking if it was forsale.

4. Successful people will be moving towards the pictures they create in their mind until they reach

them.

Activity 2

Re-write the sentences using the continuous aspect.



3.

The examinations are planned for Thursday at 10 .a.m.4. The whole of this month we have negotiations between ourselves and the Dickson Group.


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mac1_ L04_lggwork _reusable 2 | P a g e

Check Activity 1

1.

Somebody is always buying something from somebody, so how can I make them buy from me?Period of time


problem by painting the pole with an impressionistic view. Point in time

3. It was great publicity! And then the calls were coming in for a whole week, asking if it was for

sale. Period of time

4. Successful people will be moving towards the pictures they create in their mind until they reach

them. Period of time

Check Activity 2. (Compare the two sentences).


The research on the behavior of students in exams has been going on for several years.


I was thinking about the offer all night

3. The examinations are planned for Thursday at 10 .a.m.

The examinations are being planned for Thursday at 10 a.m.

4. The whole of this month we have negotiations between ourselves and the Dickson Group.

The whole of this month we are having negotiations between ourselves and Dickson

Group.


He finally got through to the operator after he had been trying for over two hours.

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mac1_Lesson 06 _reusable P a g e | 1

Target Language

How to succeed at a Job Interview

INTRO

Simple steps

Knock them dead

Face-to-face, one-on-one job interview

Step 1

Dress for Success

Plan on wearing a business suit

Make sure you’ll be comfortable in it

Make sure it’s not shabby and wrinkled

Step 2

Bring your sales material

Bring multiple copies of your résumé

Have a list of personal and professional references on hand

Step 3

Don’t be late. Be early

Never arrive late!

You should arrive no later than 5 minutes early for the interview.

Figure out in advance …. No gum + Try to smell good

Step 4

Use the confidence

Take every opportunity to make an impression

Step 5

Body Moving

Give a firm hand shake

Make good eye contact

Watch your posture!

Step 6

Ask questions

Have a few questions ready about the company or the position

Step 7

The graceful exit

When the interview has concluded, gather your portfolio and thank the interviewer

Don’t linger

Step 8

The follow up

Follow up by phone or email

This is an opportunity to thank them for considering you

Let them know you are very interested in the position

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mac1_Lesson 06 _reusable P a g e | 2

Audio Script Video 1

How to succeed at a Job Interview

Success! You’ve beaten the odds and gotten yourself that job interview. But hold on… that’s just half the

battle! Now you need some simple steps to knock them dead on your face-to-face, one-on-one job interview.

Step 1

Dress for Success.

Bottom line: you can never be overdressed for a job interview. Unless you hear otherwise, plan on wearing a

business suit. Men, wear a tie. Whatever you wear, make sure you’ll be comfortable in it during the interview.

And make sure it’s not shabby and wrinkled.

Step 2

Bring your sales material.

You’re here to represent yourself. Bring multiple copies of your résumé, in case more than one person asks for

it. Also have a list of personal and professional references on hand, if requested.

Step 3

Don’t be late. Be early.

You should arrive no later than 5 minutes early for the interview. Being ready in advance, but not too far

always make a good impression. Keep my advice, children: Never arrive late!

Figure out in advance where to park, which elevator to use and how much walking you will have to do in

between. This could make the difference between getting there 5 minutes early or 15 minutes late. Also, no

gum and try to smell good!

Step 4

Use the confidence.

The moment you’ve arrived you have essentially started the interview. Give a confident smile to the

receptionist as you walk in. If you’re lucky you’ll remember that! Take every opportunity to make an impressionon everyone you see or meet.

Step 5

Body Moving.

Be sure to give a firm hand shake and make good eye contact with your interviewer. This is a sign of good

listener and a responsive worker. Also, watch your posture! Nobody wants to hire a slouch! Hand gestures that

are open and in movement are recommended over a closed posture that might show insecurity.

Step 6

Ask questions.

Have a few questions ready about the company or the position. It shows you’ve done your research and, darn

it, you care!

Step 7The graceful exit.

When the interview has concluded, gather your portfolio and thank your interviewer. Shake hands and off you

go! Don’t linger, it’s annoying. As a wise man once said, be quick, but don’t hurry!

Step 8

The follow up.

Two days after your interview, it’s a good idea to follow up by phone or email. This is an opportunity to thank

them for considering you and to let them know you are very interested in the position.

Done!

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mac1_Lesson 06_ reusable P a g e | 1

Target Language

How to ace on a Job Interview

Career Concierge

Step 1: Put the interview into perspective

Think of this as an exchange between two people rather than a one way interrogation

Make sure you showing your best side

Make sure it’s the best thing for both of you

Step 2: Be clear

What are your unique selling points?How can you match that to what they are looking for

Think about that upfront and really give examples throughout the interview

It’s up to you to show them that you are the right candidate

Take every opportunity to get your selling points across

Step 3: Give examples

Give as many examples as you can

Each example should illustrate: what was the problem, what did you do and what was the result

Helps you avoid clichés, or answering the question like anybody else would

You’ll really sound like a unique candidate

Step 4: Never AssumeTalk about things in your CV, elaborate on them, expand on them, using some of the examples in there

Make sure you know your CV as well

Step 5: Never Slag Off

Don’t ever slag off any former employers, colleagues, products or experiences

Be very positive about your experience

Step 6: Prepare at least 3 questions

Prepare at least 3 pertinent questions

Know about the management style

The culture of the company

Know exactly what you’re gonna ask

Step 7: Listen

Listen! Ask them to clarify

Answer the question asked

Step 8: Don’t talk too much

Don’t go into excessive details

Keep it brief, keep it succinct and answer the question.

Do engage in conversation

Step 9: Do you research

Make sure you do all your research before the interviewKnow all the things that are relevant about the company

Make sure that you show them that you really know what they are all about

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Hello I’m Rikke Hansen from Career Concierge and I’m going to show you how to ace that job interview.

Step 1: Put the interview into perspective

You should make sure it's the right company for you as well as be on your best form for them.

Try to think of this as an exchange between two people rather than a one way interrogation. They have an

interest in you, you have an interest in them. It should be a two-way thing. It’s very helpful actually for you to

think of it as a first date. You know, you wanna make sure you showing your best side, but you also want to

make sure it’s the best thing for both of you.

Step 2: Be clear

What are your unique selling points?

Be absolutely clear about why they should hire you. You know, what are your unique selling points? And how

can you match that to what they are looking for. Think about that upfront and really give example throughout

the interview as to just how good you are and how relevant your experience is. It’s up to you to show themthat you are the right candidate, for the following reasons. So take every opportunity to get your selling points

across.

Step 3: Give examples

Examples, examples, examples! An example is proof. It’s a proof that you’ve already done what the interviewer

is asking for and you can do it for them again. So, really, throughout the interview, give as many examples as

you can. And think about it in the following way, each example should illustrate: what was the problem, what

did you do and what was the result. The great thing about using examples is that it helps you avoid clichés, or

answering the question like anybody else would. Your experience and your example is unique and by giving

them examples you’ll really sound like a unique candidate.

Step 4: Never Assume

Never assume that the interviewer has read your CV. So, feel free you know to talk about things in your CV,elaborate on them, expand on them, using some of the examples in there. On the other hand, make sure you

know your CV as well. There’s nothing worse than saying: Ah! Did I put that in my CV?

Step 5: Never Slag Off

Don’t ever slag off any former employers, colleagues, products or experiences. Be very positive about your

experience so far.

Step 6: Prepare at least 3 questions

Prepare at least 3 pertinent questions to actually ask them. Think about what you really wanna know… do you

want to know about the management style, the culture of the company, what’s important for you to know, and

then have them prepared, and know exactly what you’re gonna ask.

Step 7: Listen

Listen! And read between the lines as to what are they really asking. If you have any doubt, then ask them to

clarify, but listen, and, answer the question asked.

Step 8: Don’t talk too much

Don’t talk too much or go into excessive details. You know, keep it brief, keep it succinct and answer the

question. If they want more detail, they’ll ask you. Don’t just sit there like a lemon and give very short answers.

It’s the most straining thing for the interviewer. So do engage in conversation.

Step 9: Do you research

Know the company: research, research, research! Make sure you do all your research before the interview, so

you know all the things that are relevant about the company. And make sure that throughout the interview you

bring out some snippets or comments, to show them that, yes, you really know what they are all about.

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Target Language

Vaults Video Guide to Interview Dos and Don’ts

Interviews are designed to access key areas

Professionalism, interest in the job being offered, fit for the job

Applicable skills and personality

Dress for Success

Do be sure to dress appropriately for your interviewMake sure you wear a suit for the interview

You can never go wrong with navy blue, charcoal grey, a white shirt and a nice tie

Don’t wear large jewelry, loud colours, or too much make up

Hand Shake 101

Don’t give a lump hand shake.

Do give a firm but not bone-crushing hand shake

Don’t forget to make eye contact and smile.

How to handle some key Questions

Use this opportunity to give a concise summary of your career, abilities and goals.

Assessing your weaknesses

Interviewers want to know how you access your good points and your bad points.

When discussing your weakness:

Avoid personality or character flaws

Focus on areas that could be improved upon, over time

Inappropriate Questions

It’s illegal for interviewers to ask you certain personal questions

You don’t need to volunteer this information


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Vaults Video Guide to Interview Dos and Don’ts

Most interviews no matter what the industry are designed to access a few key areas: professionalism, interest in the job

being offered, fit for the job, including applicable skills and personality. Here are some tips of dos and don’ts of

interviewing.

Dress for Success

Do be sure to dress appropriately for your interview.

If you’re a man wear a suit. You can never go wrong with navy blue, charcoal grey, a white shirt and a nice tie.

If you’re a woman make sure you wear a suit for the interview.

Either a skirt suit or a pant suit is fine. Don’t wear large jewelry, loud colours, or too much make up

Hand Shake 101

Don’t give a lump hand shake. Do give a firm but not bone-crushing hand shake. The key to good hand shake is to get the

web between your thumb and forth finger fully in contact with that of the person with whom you’re shaking hands. Also,

don’t forget to make eye contact and smile.

How to handle some key Questions

“So tell me about yourself…”

“Well, I was born in San Francisco and then my family moved to Boston. Well, actually the suburbs of Boston,

about twenty minutes outside, but you know, you tell everyone Boston. And then I went to “ Upham” in

Pennsylvania, and I started out as an Art History Major, then I switched to Economics, but then I wasn’t so sure,

so I switched back to Art History and then I had to complete more credits to do the major - it was kind of a pain…

so now I’m here with the possibility that I might, might apply to Law school next fall….”

This isn’t a license to tell your life story, rather use this opportunity to give a concise summary of your career, abilities and

goals.

“I’m a very energetic and organized person, which is why “I’m interested ” in opportunities such as this one. I haveover five years experience at the associate level and I’d like to further my career path. And I’m also fluent in

French and I studied and lived in Paris…”

“Great!”

Assessing your weaknesses

Interviewers want to know how you access your good points and your bad points.

“What would you say is your greatest weakness or area that you can improve upon?”

“I have a tendency to oversleep. In the past I’ve overslept and missed important meetings.”

When discussing your weakness, avoid personality or character flaws. Instead, focus on areas that could be improved

upon, over time.

“If someone is not working hard enough, sometimes I ended up picking up the slack. I’m working on sticking to

my own order of business.”

Inappropriate Questions

“So… are you married?”

“I’m single.”

It’s actually illegal for interviewers to ask you certain personal questions, such as your age or marital status, so you don’t

need to volunteer this information. If you like you can answer like this:

“Let me ask you, are you planning to have a baby in the next few years?”

“I’d rather keep the focus on the job, not my personal life.”

“Ok, that’s fine.”

Some Important things to remember

Stand up and greet you employer

Don’t wear too much perfume Have an extra Copy of CV

Ask for Business Card

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Turn your cel phone off

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mac1_L06_ reusable_LGGWORK 1 | P a g e

Job Interview Richard Novak

From LL_WB_ex.2 and 3_p.7

1. Certainly for the next year I’m not thinking of any postgraduatework. H……. s……. t………, I’m not ruling it out.

2. I’m expecting it to be easy to find a job. I h…… t…….. a……..

what job I wanted to do before I chose my university subject.

3. I think companies want applicants t…. h….… f ………. u………… and d……. w…… rather than finishing any specific subject.

4. My sister studied archeology and by the end of this year she w…… h….. b……. w…….. f …. five very successful years asSales Manager at Arkins

5. My best mate, Raul, h….. b…… t……. a…… taking a year outuntil he saw the amount of money he had to pay back on hisstudent loan

6. Personally, I think the markets h….. b…… f ……………… foryears but if you’ve got what people need then you’re sure to getthe right job

7. Companies h….. b……. f ……………. for people like me so I won’t

be considering a starting salary of anything less than $ 35,000 ayear when I start.


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Check Answers:

1. Certainly for the next year I’m not thinking of any postgraduatework. Having said that, I’m not ruling it out.

2. I’m expecting it to be easy to find a job. I hadn’t thought about what job I wanted to do before I chose my universitysubject.

3. I think companies want applicants to have finished university

and done well rather than finishing any specific subject.

4. My sister studied archeology and by the end of this year she willhave been working for five very successful years as SalesManager at Arkins

5. My best mate, Raul, had been thinking about taking a yearout until he saw the amount of money he had to pay back on hisstudent loan

6. Personally, I think the markets have been fluctuating for yearsbut if you’ve got what people need then you’re sure to get theright job

7. Companies have been fighting for people like me so I won’t beconsidering a starting salary of anything less than $ 35,000 ayear when I start.

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Full Audio Script: Part 1 + Part 2

Well, I’ve just finished my BA in English Language and Literature. Certainly for the next

year I’m not thinking of any postgraduate work. Having said that, I’m not ruling it out.

It’s just I’m not sure whether I want to do an MA or an MBA. I have no intention of

doing a PhD. It’ll just take up too much of my life. I have already taken IELTS when I

applied to studying at Reading and I don’t think a BEC will help me right now.

Well, I’m pretty confident. I’m definitely planning to enter the job market this year and

as I got a first. I’m expecting it to be easy to find a job. I hadn’t thought about what job

I wanted to do before I chose my university subject and I suppose some people might

say that English Language and Literature isn’t very useful unless you are planning to

enter Education. However, I think companies want applicants to have finished

university and done well rather than finishing any specific subject. My sister studied

archeology and by the end of this year she will have been working for five very

successful years as Sales Manager at Arkins.

My friends still haven’t made a decision as they are waiting to see what market will do.

My best mate, Raul, had been thinking about taking a year out until he saw theamount of money he had to pay back on his student loan, so now he’s desperate to

find something. Personally, I think the markets have been fluctuating for years but if

you’ve got what people need then you’re sure to get the right job.

I know there aren’t many people out there who’ve got the background and

qualifications that I’ve got. And I can tell you I’m going to be tough in negotiating my

salary. Companies have been fighting for people like me so I won’t be considering a

starting salary of anything less than $ 35,000 a year when I start.

All in all I’m pretty confident so postgraduate work just seems to be wasted time when

I could be earning big money.

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mac1_Lesson 06_ reusable_text 1 | P a g e

Sample Job Interview QuestionsKelly Services wants to help you successfully advance your career objectives. We've spent more than 60 years interviewing and being

interviewed and have compiled a list of the top 18 most common job interview questions and effective, appropriate responses. Be

prepared, be yourself and make sure you're ready to answer some tough questions.

http://www.kellyservices.com.au/au/careers/my-career-centre/sample-job-interview-questions/

1."Tell me about yourself..."

Be prepared to talk for two minutes about yourself. Be logical. Start anywhere, such as high school, college or your first

professional position. The interviewer is trying to evaluate your communication skills and linear thinking. You may try to

score a point or two by describing a major personal attribute.

2."Why do you believe you are qualified for this position?"

Pick two or three main factors about the job and about yourself that are most relevant. Discuss for two minutes, including

specific details. You may mention a technical skill, a management skill and/or a personal success story.

3. "How do you handle pressure? Do you like or dislike these situations?"

High achievers tend to perform well in high-pressure situations. Conversely, these questions could imply that the open

position is pressure-packed and out of control. Know what you're getting into. If you do perform well under stress, provide agood, detailed example. Be descriptive.

4. "The sign of a good employee is the ability to take initiative. Can you describe a situation where you did this?"

The proactive, results-oriented person doesn't have to be told what to do. To convince the interviewer you possess this trait,

give a series of short examples describing your self-motivation. Discuss one example in-depth, describing the extra effort,

your strong work ethic and your creative, resourceful side.

5. "How have you grown or changed over the past few years?"

Maturation, increased technical skills and increased self-confidence are important developmental aspects. To discuss these

effectively is indicative of a well-balanced, intelligent individual. Overcoming personal obstacles or recognizing manageable

weaknesses can help identify you as an approachable and desirable employee.

6. "What do you consider your most significant strength?"

Know your key five or six strengths—the ones most compatible with the job opening. Discuss each with specific examples.

Don't include your management or interpersonal skills unless you can describe specific examples of good management, or

how your relationship skills have been critical to your success.

7. "Deadlines, frustrations, difficult people and silly rules can make a job difficult. How do you handle these types of

situations?"

Most companies, unfortunately, face these problems daily. If you can't deal with petty problems, you'll be seen as

uncooperative. How you overcome these are important. Diplomacy, perseverance and common sense will prevail in difficult

circumstances.

8. "How has your technical ability been important in accomplishing results?"

A potential employee needs a strong level of technical competence. Most strong managers have good technical backgrounds.

Describe specific examples of your technical abilities, and how you resolved a technical issue.

9. "How would you handle a situation with tight deadlines, low employee morale and inadequate resources?"

Your interviewer is looking for strong management skills. You need to be creative and describe your toughest management

task, even if it doesn't meet all the criteria. Most situations don't. Organizational and interpersonal skills, handling pressure

and good handling of this question are indicative of effective management skills.

10."What are your career goals? Where do you see yourself five or ten years from now?"

Be realistic! Pie-in-the-sky goals label you as immature. One or two management jumps in 3-5 years is a reasonable goal. If

your track record indicates you're in line for senior management in 10 years, then mention it. If you've had a rocky road, be

introspective.

11."Why should we hire you for this position? What kinds of contributions would you make?"

This is a good chance to summarize. By now, you should know the key problems. Restate and show how you would address

them. Don't be arrogant—

instead demonstrate a thoughtful, organized and strong attitude


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TEXT COMMUNICATIVE

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mac1_L08_lexicalbook P a g e | 1

Grammar is part of the language. It helps us to speak and write correctly.

But there is much more to language than grammar.

English has thousands of words – vocabulary, collocations, idioms and expressions. We express what we mean

most by our choice of vocabulary.

If you spend most of your time studying grammar, your English will not improve very much.

You will see most improvement if you learn more words and expressions.

You can say very little with grammar, but you can say almost anything with words!

Dellar and Hocking, Innovations, 2000

Examples:

Verb + Noun collocation

take a nap

take on a new employee

take turns playing the game

Adverb + Adjective collocation

immensely popular

extremely boring

Appropriacy

“I’m sorry I’m late teacher. I hope I didn’t lose anything”

The correct answer is miss anything. You may lose your pen or book but not information of a classroom.

That is the way a native speaker of English would speak.

.

Possible types of collocations:

Verb + Noun collocations

Verbs with Do, Have, Go, Make ,Take, Get

Adjective + Noun collocations

Adverb + Adjective collocations

Phrasal Verbs

Collocations containing prepositions

Adapted from BBC | British Council Think. Lexical notebook in http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/lexical-notebooks

You must NOT see words as individuals. You must try and see combinations of words.

This is a good way for you to see language you need to use and produce better quality

language.

So, by looking at language this way you will be able to reach a high level of language proficiency

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Language Work

LLEEXXIICCAALL BBOOOOKK

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MAC1_LESSON 8 1 | P a g e

A) Unscramble the sentences

1. of the gives globalized you power in a English world choice.

2. grammar the nothing structure language with do It’s of the and

3. to and seen affects everywhere cultures people’s is it English.

B) Unscramble the sentences

1. to is individual’s an contributing Education about development all.

2. people of a helps Education sense identity create in.

3. for the give study themselves people people capacity help

independent Education should for and think.

Check A

1. English gives you the power of choice in a globalized world.

2. It’s nothing to do with grammar and the structure of the language.

3. English is seen everywhere and it affects people’s cultures.

Check B

1. Education is all about contributing to an individual’s development.

2. Education helps create a sense of identity in people.

3. Education should give people the capacity for independent study

and help people think for themselves.

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EXTRA: Unscramble the sentences

1. as on much in on as government federal spends universities education TheBrazil twice basic.

2. school of in is population Less high-school-age enrolled 40% than the.

3. well are for Public free they are cared schools but not.

4. cycle a to of schooling and in Poverty of contribute vicious illiteracy Brazil

proper lack.

Check Extra

1. The federal government in Brazil spends twice as much on

universities as on basic education.

2. Less than 40% of the high-school-age population is enrolled in

school.

3. Public schools are free but they are not well cared for.

4. Poverty and lack of proper schooling contribute to a vicious cycle

of illiteracy in Brazil.

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MAC1_LESSON 8 P a g e | 1

Summary of News Item_BLOG Post

[Version 2_FINAL]

I was reading this article the other day on the internet and it talks

about two things: f f iirrsstt iitt eexxppoosseess the day by day of Indian call centers

workers and, sseeccoonnddllyy,, iitt eexxppllaaiinnss wwhhyy they hhaavvee iinnccrreeaassiinnggllyy bbeeeenn

ttrraaiinneedd in speaking with a “neutral” global accent.

I thought you might be interested because by reading this article we

get to know how tthhee IInnddiiaann ccaallll cceennttrree IInndduussttrryy has to ddeeaall wwiitthh tthhee

pprreessssuurreess oof f tthhee gglloobbaall mmaarrkkeett which, by ssuubbssccrriibbiinngg ttoo tthhee mmyytthh oof f a

International English accent, iimmppoosseess aa lloott oof f eemmoottiioonnaall bbuurrddeenn oonn the

workers.

What surprised me the most was that the IInnddiiaann wwoorrkkeerrss aarree sseeeenn aass uuppwwaarrddllyy mmoobbiillee ccyybbeerr--ccoooolliieess, forced to act and bbeehhaavvee iinn wwaayyss tthhaatt

ccllaasshh wwiitthh tthheeiirr oowwnn ccuullttuurraall iiddeennttiittyy..

So if you are interested in reading this article, click on the link below

and tell me what you think.

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eCampus: Average

eCampus: Difficult

Original article Guardian: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/feb/09/india-call-centres-accent-neutralisation/print

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However, there is more at stake than phoney identities and neutered accents. As

opposed to physical labour, service work involves 'emotional labour', wherein

workers are called on to amiably display particular emotions. In call centres,

management technologies penetrate to the very core of your identity. During

training sessions employees are told that the customer can see their smile and sense

their mood through their voice.

Thus call centre workers find themselves in a paradoxical situation: they are reaping

the benefits of international businesses outsourcing their call centres to India but

they are also bearing the burdens.

The issue is not just about neutral accents. Call centre work involves 'emotional

labour'. Workers have to be friendly and show certain emotions to customers.

Workers are told that customers can see their smile and sense their mood.

So there are two sides to businesses outsourcing their call centres to India. They give

people work but the work brings problems.

There is thus more at stake than phony identities and neutered accents. Asopposed to physical labour, service work involves "emotional labour", wherein workers are called on to amiably display a particular emotional repertoire. Incall centres, management technologies penetrate to the very core of youridentity. As I witnessed during training sessions, employees are told that thecustomer can see their smile and sense their mood through their voice.

Workers must be able to "pass" as American or British and maintain theircomposure in the face of sometimes racist abuse by irate customers; it issimply part of the job.(…)

Thus the animating paradox of their condition: they are reaping the benefitsof the corporate search for cut-rate labour but also bearing the burdens. They are upwardly mobile cyber-coolies.

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MAC 1_L10_Lggwork

mac1_lexicalchains_L10 1 | P a g e

We offer you a c____________ training in all aspects of the business.

Is this list c___________ or are there some names missing?

He has written a fully c_____________ guide to Rome.

This used to be a b___________ town but a lot of people have moved away over recent years.

The house, usually b__________ with activity, was strangely silent.

The region is r___________ for its outstanding natural beauty.

Marco Polo is a r___________ explorer/is renowned as an explorer.

The view from the top of the mountain is b____________.

His performance is described in the paper as 'a b_____________ display of physical agility'.

A large international meeting was held with the aim of promotings___________ development

in all countries.

That sort of extreme diet is not s____________ over a long period.

The badly neglected paintings have all been carefully r___________. The government is trying to r__________ public confidence in its management of the

economy.

I'd recognize your handwriting anywhere - it's u________.

Do not miss this u__________ opportunity to buy all six pans at half the recommended price.

As many as 100 species of fish, some u________ to (= only found in) these waters, may have

been affected by the pollution.


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MAC 1_L10_Lggwork

Mac1_L10_lggwork 2 | P a g e

1. it retains a unique and intimate a___________

2. awe-inspiring v_____________

3. each meal is a g___________ delight

4. choose from a comprehensive r__________ of entertainment options

5. there is a wide v___________ of treatment available

6. fully escorted e__________ are available at each port of call

7. escorted t___________ with breathtaking v__________

8. a variety of exotic l____________

9. Local hospitality as you’ve never e__________ before

10. Explore the spectacular ancient monuments of an island rich in h____________

11. Baking t________________

12. Indulge in m_________ watering local delicacies

13. Guests can plant trees in order to offset their carbon f__________

14. Discerning and sophisticated traveler with an interest in sustainable d________

15. Experience the stunning v________ and secluded b________

16. Unwind on this off the beaten track l________

17. All inclusive d_____

18. Stay at an exclusive l_________with three-star f__________

19. Spend two nights under c________ out in the bush

20. S_________flora and fauna

21. A v_________ feast of wild life experienced at close quarters

22. All travel is in air-conditioned off-road v___________


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MAC 1_L10_Lggwork


Landscape Atmosphere Variety Facilities Green

Travelling

Excursions Food

Views Attitude Choice Accommodation Historical

value


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MAC 1_L10_Lggwork


A visual feast

of wild life

awe-inspiring

views

Stunning flora

and fauna

Spend two

nights under

canvas

stunning

views and

secluded

beaches

Escorted

trekking

with…

Indulge in

mouth

watering local

delicacies

there is a wide

variety of

treatment

available

three-star

facilities

offset their

carbon

footprint

fully escorted

excursions

each meal is a

gastronomic

delight

exotic

landscapes

it retains a

unique and

intimate

atmosphere

… available at

each port of

call

All inclusive

deals

spectacular

ancient

monuments of

an island rich

in history

sophisticated

traveler with

an interest in

sustainable

development

Local

hospitality as

you’ve never

experienced

before

breathtaking

views

Experience

Explore

Indulge

unwind

choose from a

comprehensive

range of

entertainmentoptions

Unwind on

this off the

beaten track

location

Local

hospitality as

you’ve never

experiencedbefore


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MAC 1_L10_Lggwork_KEY

mac1_L10_lggwork_answer key 1 | P a g e

Comprehensive

We offer you a c____________ training in all aspects of the business.

Is this list c___________ or are there some names missing?

He has written a fully c_____________ guide to Rome.

Renowned

The region is r___________ for its outstanding natural beauty.

Marco Polo is a r___________ explorer/is renowned as an explorer.

Bustling

This used to be a b___________ town but a lot of people have moved away over recent years.

The house, usually b__________ with activity, was strangely silent.

Breathtaking

The view from the top of the mountain is b____________.

His performance is described in the paper as 'a b_____________ display of physical agility'.

Discerning

http://www.visualthesaurus.com/landing/?ad=cdo&utm_medium=default&utm_campaign=VT&utm_source=cdo&word=discerning

Sustainable

A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting s___________ development in all countries.

That sort of extreme diet is not s____________ over a long period.

Secluded

http://www.visualthesaurus.com/landing/?ad=cdo&utm_medium=default&utm_campaign=VT&utm_source=cdo&word=secluded

Restored

The badly neglected paintings have all been carefully r___________.

The government is trying to r__________ public confidence in its management of the economy.

Unique

I'd recognize your handwriting anywhere - it's u________.

Do not miss this u__________ opportunity to buy all six pans at half the recommended price.

As many as 100 species of fish, some u________ to (= only found in) these waters, may have been affected by

the pollution.


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MAC1_L10_LggWork_KEY


TARGET LEXICAL CHUNKS

1. it retains a unique and intimate atmosphere

2. awe-inspiring views

3. each meal is a gastronomic delight

4. choose from a comprehensive range of entertainment options

5. there is a wide variety of treatment available

6. fully escorted excursions are available at each port of call

7. escorted trekking with breathtaking views

8. a variety of exotic landscapes

9. Local hospitality as you’ve never experienced before

10. Explore the spectacular ancient monuments of an island rich in history

11. Baking temperatures

12. Indulge in mouth watering local delicacies

13. Guests can plant trees in order to offset their carbon footprint

14. Discerning and sophisticated traveler with an interest in sustainable development

15. Experience the stunning views and secluded beaches

16. Unwind on this off the beaten track location

17. All inclusive deals

18. Stay at an exclusive lodge with three-star facilities

19. Spend two nights under canvas out in the bush

20. Stunning flora and fauna

21. A visual feast of wild life experienced at close quarters

22. All travel is in air-conditioned off-road vehicles


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MAC1_L10_LggWork_KEY


Landscape Atmosphere Variety Facilities Green

Travelling

Excursions Food

Views Attitude Choice Accommodation Historical

value

A visual feast

of wild life

Unwind on

this off the

beaten track

location

choose from a

comprehensive

range of

entertainment

options

Spend two

nights under

canvas

sophisticated

traveler with

an interest in

sustainable

development

Escorted

trekking

with…

Indulge in

mouth

watering local

delicacies

Stunning flora

and fauna

stunning

views and

secluded

beaches

there is a wide

variety of

treatment

available

three-star

facilities

offset their

carbon

footprint

fully escorted

excursions

each meal is a

gastronomic

delight

exotic

landscapes

it retains a

unique and

intimate

atmosphere

… available at

each port of

call

All inclusive

deals

spectacular

ancient

monuments of

an island rich

in history

breathtakingviews

ExperienceExplore

Indulge

unwind

awe-inspiring

views

Local

hospitality as

you’ve never

experienced

before


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MAC 1

Language Work



guides hands deforestation residents forest

resources ecuators tourism jungle matter

activity terms tourists ecotourism

Ecotourism to Save Rain Forest

rely on the riches of to survive

destroy one tenth of Amazon

make money from the rain without destroying it

look at the rain differently

clear the

crack down on

control

develop centred on nature

different tatic

attract from all around the world

hire local

money in the pockets of local

it’s a of showing them how

it’s a of survival

Galápagos Travel

sustainable low impact

nature-oriented

future

protection of natural

natural are threatened

main economic

in the of

under the of

environmentally-sensitive

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MAC 1

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KEY

Ecotourism to Save Rain Forest

rely on the riches of forest to survive

destroy one tenth of Amazon forest

make money from the rain forest without destroying it

look at the rain forest differently

clear the jungle

crack down on deforestation

control deforestation

develop tourism centred on nature

different tatic ecotourism

attract tourists from all around the world

hire local guides

money in the pockets of local residents

it’s a matter of showing them how

it’s a matter of survival

Galápagos Travel

sustainable low impact tourism

nature-oriented tourism

future tourism

protection of natural resources

natural resources are threatened

main economic activity

in the hands of

under the terms of

environmentally-sensitive ecuators

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Brazil looks to ecotourism to save rain forest

RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil CNN More than 10 million people live in Brazil’s Amazon jungle. And

many of them rely on the riches of the forest to survive. But since the 1970s, ranchers, farmers

and gold miners have destroyed about one tenth of the Amazons forest an area the size of

France.

Though the Brazilian government has tried to crack down on deforestation, the destruction

accelerates. Inhabitants of the Amazon say it’s a matter of survival.

My husband and I have eight children, said Silveria de Souza through a translator. We have to

clear the jungle to plant food.

Even with hundreds of inspectors monitoring the Amazon, the area is so vast that it’s virtually

impossible to control deforestation by force. So the government is trying a different tactic

ecotourism spending millions to develop tourism centered on nature.

People can make money from the rain forest without destroying it, said Aldenir Paraguassu of

Brazils Environment Ministry. It’s just a matter of showing them how with strategies like

conferences and educational material.

Deep in the rain forest in the state of Amazonas, the jungle is already attracting tourists from

around the world.

It’s all so pure, said tourist Katia Gorum, so absolutely unspoiled, and I think it’s awesome.

Tourists hire local guides to learn about the rain forest and to journey up river, where they visit

remote villages and buy handicrafts made by those who live here. They stay at hotels that range

from luxurious to primitive like a jungle lodge, built literally in the trees, hours from civilization.

The ecotourism boom has created hundreds of new jobs and put money in the pockets of local

residents.

Before, there were no jobs, said Maria Oliviera, a hotel maid. Now there are new opportunities.

New opportunities and a new perspective on Brazils natural resources, said environmentalist

Alcide Filho.

Those involved in ecotourism are now looking at the rain forest differently, Filho said. It is the

reason visitors are here spending money.

Ecotourism is relatively new to Brazil. Environmentalists hope that as the industry grows

creating more jobs and bringing more money to the Amazon fewer Brazilians will feelcompelled to cut, clear and burn the world’s largest rain forest.

REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE REUSABLE

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MAC1_LESSON 12 P a g e | 1

http://www.galapagostravel.com/conservation/index.htm Conservation

After visiting the Galapagos Islands, most people take with them very special feelings and memories of this magical

location. There are some of us who want to go one step further - they want to give something back to these wonderful

islands.

Scholarship Program

Wanting to give back was why we initiated the GALAPAGOS TRAVEL Scholarship Program in 1994, a joint venture with

the Galápagos Conservancy. The Galápagos Conservancy and the Charles Darwin Research Station are vital partners

with the Galápagos National Park, yet the station is woefully underfunded; their annual budget is under $5 million, and

they have 100 employees, a visitor center, tortoises to raise and care for, and baseline research to conduct. Under the

terms of our program, GALAPAGOS TRAVEL funds Ecuadorian undergraduate students to conduct 18-month - 2-year

research programs in the Galápagos, the results of which is a senior thesis.

To date, ten students have completed their projects on a variety of herpetology and ornithology subjects; from marine

iguanas, to giant tortoises, land iguanas to Lava Gulls and mangrove finches. Budding oceanographer Angela Kuhn,

recently completed her research on Sea Temperatures as they relate to Rocky Bottom Sub-tidal Communities and she

has just finished writing up her results.

In our opinion, the future of Galapagos Islands is in the hands of Ecuador, and the islands need environmentally-

sensitive and educated Ecuadorians.

Low Impact Tourism

GALAPAGOS TRAVEL is dedicated to preserving the ecological integrity of the Galapagos Islands. We promote

sustainable low impact tourism and feel that nature-oriented tourism should remain as the main economic activity of

the Galapagos. Further, we perceive that the truly unique and rich natural resources of the Galápagos are threatened by

commercial fisheries and by introduced species of plants and animals. For a detailed description and analysis of these

problems, we refer you to information offered by the Galápagos Coalition.

We feel that a necessary condition to support the growth of future tourism is increased protection for the islands and its

natural resources. This protection refers to both legislative action and the enforcement of these laws. To this end,

GALAPAGOS TRAVEL was a founding member of the INTERNATIONAL GALAPAGOS TOUR OPERATORS ASSOCIATION. The

mission is to have a unified, strong voice - one that will be heard by the world press, the concerned public, and the

Ecuadorian government.

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CONNECTING IDEAS

Sentence Cohesion / Paragraph Cohesion

Paragraph written by student:

Global warming could bring severe consequences for the entire planet, including

plants, animals and humans. Such as the retention of heat in the Earth’s surface can

strongly influence rainfall, affecting crops and forests. Another major risk of global

warming are ice sheets melting away of Antarctica. The western ice sheet of

Antarctica is melting at a rate of 250 cubic km per year, rising sea level by 0.2 mm

every 12 months. The melting of ice can covering vast coastal areas and islands the

world that caused huge natural disasters for wild life and whole populations.

Analysis of ideas and information contained in the paragraph:

Structure

Situation (Main idea):

Global warming can bring severe consequences to the entire planet.

Problem:

Retention of heat on the Earth’s surface has a strong influence on the levels of

rainfall, which affects crops and forests.

Consequence/Impact:

The melting of the ice caps moving away from Antarctica

Implications (reasons why this is a major impact of global warming):

Western ice sheet is melting at a rate of 250 km³ per year

This causes the sea levels to rise by 0.2 mm every 12 months

This means oceans can rise 4.9 meters on all the vast coastal areas and islands

around the world.

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Paragraph re-written:

Global warming can bring severe consequences to the entire planet, including

plants, animals and humans, because the retention of heat on the Earth’s surface

has a strong influence on the levels of rainfall, affecting crops and forests. Onemajor impact of global warming is the melting of the ice caps moving away from

Antarctica. Antarctica’s western ice sheet is melting at a rate of 250 km³ per year,

causing the sea levels to rise by 0.2 mm every 12 months. This fact alone can cause

oceans to rise 4.9 meters on all the vast coastal areas and islands around the world,

causing huge natural disasters for wildlife and whole populations.

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Pantanal may become next Everglades, UNU experts warn

http://archive.unu.edu/update/archive/issue37_2.htm

South America's giant Pantanal

wetlands, one of the world's most

biodiverse ecosystems, is at growing

risk from intensive peripheral

agricultural, industrial and urban

development problems expected to be

compounded by climate change, United

Nations University experts warn.

"Without extremely careful integrated

management, one of the planet's

greatest environmental treasures will

be altered forever by human

encroachment," said Prof. Hans van

Ginkel, UN Under Secretary-General

and Rector of UN University.

UN University and Brazil's Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso jointly run the Pantanal Regional

Environment Programme (UNU-PREP), under the direction of Dr. Paulo Teixeira de Sousa Jr.

Covering more than 165,000 square kilometers an area roughly equal to Florida in the heart of South

America, the Pantanal is the world's largest freshwater wetland, of active interest to U.S. scientists for

insights into the lost biodiversity of Florida's famed Everglades, altered by drainage projects starting in the

1940s to make way for development and agriculture.

In a message to mark World Water Day, March 22, UNU said the Pantanal provides enormous

environmental services by storing and purifying water, providing storm protection and flood mitigation, and

stabilizing the local climate, particularly rainfall and temperature.

Today, however, these services are compromised by the global problem of climate change while local

pollution, habitat destruction and narrowing migration corridors for many species are among the

consequences of introducing intensive agriculture, modern cattle ranching, energy production, mining and

other changes in land use in and around the Pantanal.

According to an analysis by UNU-PREP and the Japan-based UNU Institute for Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS):

"While large parts of the Pantanal have remained pristine, today the ecosystem is under unprecedented

pressure from economic development, alterations of its water courses and conversion to other land uses."

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"Moreover, global climate change poses great environmental threats to

wetlands," according to the analysis, "fundamentally altering their

ecology, biodiversity and species composition."

The UNU analysis says a warming of 3-4ºC could eliminate 85% of all

remaining wetlands in the world. It says wetlands hold roughly one-sixth

of all carbon held in terrestrial sinks, most of it organic matter in soilwhich can be released when the soil is disturbed, for example through

wetlands drainage and destruction.

"Traditional Pantanal commodities - mainly cattle and fishing - cannot

compete in today's marketplace," says UNU-PREP Director Dr. Teixeira.

"Traditional farmers are selling their land to outsiders and large scale

agriculture is taking place in the highlands surrounding the Pantanal. In

most cases, these newcomers do not know how to manage the land in a

sustainable way."

Several major development projects have been initiated, aimed at increasing the contribution of thePantanal and its catchment area to the economy. "This economic development and consequent population

growth, pose a new threat to the Pantanal due to their negative environmental consequences," the

analysis says.

Roads and electricity lines have been constructed, while large agri-industrial projects have emerged on the

Pantanal's periphery - large-scale cattle ranching and plantations of soybean and sugarcane - all fostering

population growth.

"The resultant pollution of water and soil from farm chemicals, as well as increasing industrial pollution

from urban centres, has become a problem."

The complex interconnections and inter-linkages at the ecological level - as for example, between climate

change and biodiversity - underline the need to develop inter-linkages at the policy level as well, UNU says.

In other words, the environmental, economic, and social impacts of activities of stakeholders in the

Pantanal should be considered in managing the wetlands.

It says improved coordination at the regional level will lead to more effective management of the Pantanal

and similar wetlands.

"In order to identify and effectively use the synergies that exist in the natural environment, a systematic

approach to environmental decision making and management is urgently needed. The Interlinkages

approach offers a coordinated way to achieve this goal," the analysis says.

"Because of the transboundary nature of many ecosystems and environmental problems, they are often

addressed at the regional level; the Pantanal is a case in point. Regional institutions can take global

environmental issues and refocus them into priorities and a manageable agenda for national governments"

"So far, however, most work on Inter-linkages has been undertaken at the global rather than regional or

national levels. Recognizing the importance of cooperation at the regional level between Brazil, Bolivia and

Paraguay-the three countries in whose territory the wetland lies- stakeholders at the workshop convened

by UNU-PREP and UNU IAS in Brazil in October 2003 expressed their willingness to draft a treaty for the

sustainable management of the Pantanal wetland.

"The challenge now is to translate this will into action."

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SEA TURTLES ARE GLOBALhttp://www.costaricaturtles.org/costa_new_seatu

rtles.html

Although each species has their own preference for

nesting grounds, migration patterns and diet, they

also have similar characteristics and unfortunately

share the same threats.

Migration & Navigation

There has been extensive research conducted

regarding the sea turtles’ abilities to return to their

nesting regions. They may migrate hundreds or even

thousands of miles. In the water, their path is

greatly affected by powerful currents. Despite their

limited vision, and lack of landmarks in the open

water, turtles are able to retrace their migratory

paths. One explanation of this phenomenon is that

sea turtles use the earth’s magnetic fields to

navigate.

General Behavior

Sea turtles are generally solitary and usually interact with one another only for courting and mating. Sexual maturity

varies with species, ranging early with the hawksbill at three years and age twenty to fifty for the leatherback. During

mating season, two or more males may court a female and the male attaches himself to the back of the female's shell

and then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate. Fertilization is internal and copulation takes place on the

surface or underwater, often close to shore. Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season andstore the sperm for several months. When she finally lays her eggs, they will have been fertilized by a variety of males.

This behavior may help keep genetic diversity high in the population.

Nesting & Reproduction

Sea turtles usually nest in intervals of two to three years although some nest yearly. Depending on the species,

females may nest from one to ten times during a nesting season. Only the females come ashore to the beach to lay

their eggs a few weeks after mating.

When the female Leatherback is ready to nest, she will choose a beach without a coral reef, one close to the deep

water, such as ’s Beach. Crawling up from the ocean, she will locate a dry area and begin the arduous task of nest

excavation. Using her flippers and the rotation of her body, she will dig an egg cavity that is approximately 70centimeters deep. She will then lay 80 to 100 eggs, a process that can take over two hours. Eggs are often referred to

as the size of billiard balls: she lays an average of 80 fertilized eggs and 30 smaller, unfertilized eggs in each nest. After

she is finished, she will carefully cover and camouflage the clutch, and may even construct false nests to fool

predators. Her role now complete, she will depart to the ocean, leaving her eggs to their fate.

Remarkably, most female turtles share a nesting instinct that drives them to return to the beach of their birth, or natal

beach, in order to lay eggs. In fact, her ability to successfully reproduce depends on the ecological health of this

original habitat. However, recent satellite tracking data indicates that the Leatherback, unique among turtles in many

ways, may return to a range area or region, rather than a natal beach. The Caribbean coastline of Costa Rica is an

example of one of the most important Leatherback nesting regions in the world.

When the female turtle comes ashore at night to lay her eggs, she will first dig a body cavity with her front flippers,and then use her back flippers to dig out the nest. Depending upon the species, 80-120 eggs will be deposited in the

cavity. Afterwards the female will laboriously cover the nest with sand and often even create another false nest to

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confuse predators, before she finally crawls back to the sea. Incubation varies with species, clutch size (number of

eggs) and temperature, but averages from 45-70 days.

Hatchlings

Hatchlings use a caruncle, a temporary egg tooth to break open their shells. It may take several days for a group of

hatchlings to dig their way up out of the nest cavity. Although they usually emerge at night, coolness of sand

temperature and other factors influence their emergence. The hatchlings crawl towards the ocean in small groups.

They must make it to the ocean quickly so they don’t die from dehydration or predators. When a hatchling reachesthe surf, it swims continuously for 24-48 hours to get to deeper water away from predators. The turtles must survive

several years in a relatively protected area away from predators and one with ample food supply. Juveniles will spend

time eating and growing in habitats near the shore. Once they reach adulthood, they migrate to find a primary feeding

ground. During mating season, the sea turtles will migrate closer to their nesting beach.

Why Sea Turtles Are Endangered

Unfortunately, there are many reasons why sea turtles are now at risk

Human harvesting of turtles and their eggs.

Destruction of nesting habitats.

Commercial fisheries who use longline fishing practices or gill nets and do not use Turtle Excluder Devices

(TEDS),

Pollution affecting nesting habitats and/or species: such as entanglement in marine debris; plastic debris,

and commercial and industrial ocean water pollution from oil spills and chemical waste.

Global Warming.

Why They Are Vital to the Eco-system

Sea turtles contribute to the delicate balance of ecosystems in our oceans and on the beaches where they nest. Their

presence helps replenish both sea and beach nutrients and helps maintain the equilibrium of marine vegetation. For

example, without Green turtles to feed on sea grass, the grasses would become overgrown and diseased which would

have a negative impact on the many species that rely on this vegetation for sustenance. Sea turtles also play a

significant role in balancing the oceans’ food chain. Leatherbacks for instance, consume large quantities of jellyfish,

which feed on fish larvae. Some scientists are now looking at the possibility that the severe decline of Leatherback

turtles over recent decades may have allowed for a proliferation of jellyfish, thus contributing to the drop in fish

populations in the world’s oceans.

Sea turtles also support the health of our terrestrial ecosystem. The nutrients from their eggs bring food energy to

species on beaches and sand dunes, which has an out-rippling effect to species in surrounding areas. The truth is that

our planetary ecosystems are so intricately intertwined that it is difficult to predict just how far ranging the

implications are when a global species such as the sea turtle, declines or is lost forever.

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SEA TURTLES ARE GLOBALhttp://www.costaricaturtles.org/costa_new_seatu

rtles.html

Although each species has their own preference for

nesting grounds, migration patterns and diet, they

also have similar characteristics and unfortunately

share the same threats.

Migration & Navigation

There has been extensive research conducted

regarding the sea turtles’ abilities to return to their

nesting regions. They may migrate hundreds or even

thousands of miles. In the water, their path is

greatly affected by powerful currents. Despite their

limited vision, and lack of landmarks in the open

water, turtles are able to retrace their migratory

paths. One explanation of this phenomenon is that

sea turtles use the earth’s magnetic fields to

navigate.

General Behavior

Sea turtles are generally solitary and usually interact with one another only for courting and mating. Sexual maturity

varies with species, ranging early with the hawksbill at three years and age twenty to fifty for the leatherback. During

mating season, two or more males may court a female and the male attaches himself to the back of the female's shell

and then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate. Fertilization is internal and copulation takes place on the

surface or underwater, often close to shore. Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season andstore the sperm for several months. When she finally lays her eggs, they will have been fertilized by a variety of males.

This behavior may help keep genetic diversity high in the population.

Nesting & Reproduction

Sea turtles usually nest in intervals of two to three years although some nest yearly. Depending on the species,

females may nest from one to ten times during a nesting season. Only the females come ashore to the beach to lay

their eggs a few weeks after mating.

When the female Leatherback is ready to nest, she will choose a beach without a coral reef, one close to the deep

water, such as ’s Beach. Crawling up from the ocean, she will locate a dry area and begin the arduous task of nest

excavation. Using her flippers and the rotation of her body, she will dig an egg cavity that is approximately 70centimeters deep. She will then lay 80 to 100 eggs, a process that can take over two hours. Eggs are often referred to

as the size of billiard balls: she lays an average of 80 fertilized eggs and 30 smaller, unfertilized eggs in each nest. After

she is finished, she will carefully cover and camouflage the clutch, and may even construct false nests to fool

predators. Her role now complete, she will depart to the ocean, leaving her eggs to their fate.

Remarkably, most female turtles share a nesting instinct that drives them to return to the beach of their birth, or natal

beach, in order to lay eggs. In fact, her ability to successfully reproduce depends on the ecological health of this

original habitat. However, recent satellite tracking data indicates that the Leatherback, unique among turtles in many

ways, may return to a range area or region, rather than a natal beach. The Caribbean coastline of Costa Rica is an

example of one of the most important Leatherback nesting regions in the world.

When the female turtle comes ashore at night to lay her eggs, she will first dig a body cavity with her front flippers,and then use her back flippers to dig out the nest. Depending upon the species, 80-120 eggs will be deposited in the

cavity. Afterwards the female will laboriously cover the nest with sand and often even create another false nest to

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confuse predators, before she finally crawls back to the sea. Incubation varies with species, clutch size (number of

eggs) and temperature, but averages from 45-70 days.

Hatchlings

Hatchlings use a caruncle, a temporary egg tooth to break open their shells. It may take several days for a group of

hatchlings to dig their way up out of the nest cavity. Although they usually emerge at night, coolness of sand

temperature and other factors influence their emergence. The hatchlings crawl towards the ocean in small groups.

They must make it to the ocean quickly so they don’t die from dehydration or predators. When a hatchling reachesthe surf, it swims continuously for 24-48 hours to get to deeper water away from predators. The turtles must survive

several years in a relatively protected area away from predators and one with ample food supply. Juveniles will spend

time eating and growing in habitats near the shore. Once they reach adulthood, they migrate to find a primary feeding

ground. During mating season, the sea turtles will migrate closer to their nesting beach.

Why Sea Turtles Are Endangered

Unfortunately, there are many reasons why sea turtles are now at risk

Human harvesting of turtles and their eggs.

Destruction of nesting habitats.

Commercial fisheries who use longline fishing practices or gill nets and do not use Turtle Excluder Devices

(TEDS),

Pollution affecting nesting habitats and/or species: such as entanglement in marine debris; plastic debris,

and commercial and industrial ocean water pollution from oil spills and chemical waste.

Global Warming.

Why They Are Vital to the Eco-system

Sea turtles contribute to the delicate balance of ecosystems in our oceans and on the beaches where they nest. Their

presence helps replenish both sea and beach nutrients and helps maintain the equilibrium of marine vegetation. For

example, without Green turtles to feed on sea grass, the grasses would become overgrown and diseased which would

have a negative impact on the many species that rely on this vegetation for sustenance. Sea turtles also play a

significant role in balancing the oceans’ food chain. Leatherbacks for instance, consume large quantities of jellyfish,

which feed on fish larvae. Some scientists are now looking at the possibility that the severe decline of Leatherback

turtles over recent decades may have allowed for a proliferation of jellyfish, thus contributing to the drop in fish

populations in the world’s oceans.

Sea turtles also support the health of our terrestrial ecosystem. The nutrients from their eggs bring food energy to

species on beaches and sand dunes, which has an out-rippling effect to species in surrounding areas. The truth is that

our planetary ecosystems are so intricately intertwined that it is difficult to predict just how far ranging the

implications are when a global species such as the sea turtle, declines or is lost forever.

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Brazil invested R$ 2.89 billion in international cooperation projects over five years

13/01/2011 16:44 - Portal Brasil

Study identifies international development projects and programs Brazil was involved in

Brazil invested about R$ 2.89 billion in international cooperation projects with other countries between 2005 and

2009. According to a survey by the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA) in partnership with the Brazilian

Cooperation Agency (ABC), linked to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the bulk of investment (79%) went to projects

run by international organizations and regional banks. The purpose of the study was to identify, collate and

systematize the data and information on public investment in activities, projects and programs involving Brazilian

Cooperation in International Development, 2005-2009.

The United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO) received R$ 1.38 billion in the period. Brazil

contributed actively to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), given the rising number of refugees thecountry has taken in and its work in international humanitarian assistance.

Brazil also contributes about 70% of the annual budget for the Mercosur Structural Convergence and Institutional

Strengthening Fund (FOCEM). In the period analysed, over R$ 430 million was given to the fund, accounting for 30%

of Brazil's contributions to international organizations. Created in 2004, FOCEM increases the competitiveness of the

four members of the Southern Common Market - Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay.

Brazil gave over R$ 800 million over five years to regional development banks. The money went to paying in capital

to funds run by regional banks that Brazil is party to.

The study also analysed investment in humanitarian assistance, which was made mainly in Latin America and theCaribbean. These regions got 76.27% of direct aid, which represents, by value, R$ 107.81 million in the period.

Among the main beneficiaries of Brazil's humanitarian aid are Cuba, Haiti and the Palestinian territories, which

together received 53% of the total, making R$ 83.307 million.

The granting of scholarships for foreign students studying in Brazil or abroad accounted for about 10% of Brazilian

cooperation (R$ 284.07 million). Most of these grants went to training and qualifications. Fifty percent of them are

granted by the Ministry of Science and Technology, through the National Council for Scientific and Technological

Development (CNPq). The remainder is divided between the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel

(Capes), which passed on 28% of the resources, and the Department of Higher Education at the Ministry of

Education, which distributed 20%. The remaining 2% was managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Federal resources applied to technical, scientific and technological cooperation projects and programs amounted to

R$ 252.6 million. In bilateral cooperation, Brazil focused on horizontal technical cooperation projects aimed at

structural changes in countries' economies and sustainable growth, to ensure equal levels of social inclusion and

respect for the environment. This type of cooperation is associated with the South-South axis.

Triangular cooperation with developed countries and international organizations is another form entered into.

Brazil's main partners in trilateral cooperation are Japan, the United States, Germany, France, Canada, Argentina and

Spain. Areas of focus range from combating child labor, to civil aviation, education, healthcare, prevention and

control of malaria by the modernization of legislative processes, public administration, the information society, labor

relations and strengthening infrastructure.

» Read the full study on Brazilian Cooperation in International Development 2005-2009 (content in Portuguese)

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MAC1_LESSON 19

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TEXT A [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14806100]

Libya's long-term prosperity depends on one thing above all others

Freeing up tens of billions of dollars of frozen assets may be key to the country's short-term reconstruction, butwithout oil it cannot build a stable economy upon which democracy can flourish.

Libya's oil industry, therefore, holds the key to the success of Libya's fledgling regime and the wealth of its people.

Oil accounts for a quarter of the country's total economic output, and 95% of its export earnings.

But the bloody civil war has reduced Libya's gushing oil fields to a trickle, with production running at little more than

50,000 barrels a day, compared with 1.6 million before hostilities broke out.

As John Hamilton at research group Cross Border Information says: "Libya cannot afford to sit on its sovereign

wealth. The bill for rebuilding the country will be enormous, and to meet the vast demands of its population, it hasto get oil production up and running again".

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TEXT B [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14806100]

Global impact

But the rehabilitation of the Libyan oil industry has a wider impact still.

Although it accounts for little more than 2% of global production, Libya sits on a special kind of oil only a handful of

countries, such as Nigeria and Azerbaijan, produce.

"Libyan crude is very high quality and the world needs [it]. It's used in transportation, energy production and high-

value products," says Mr Huseynov.

He argues that the return of Libyan production to the international oil markets will "put downward pressure on the

price of Brent crude, easing inflationary pressure.

"This will be a positive for the global economy."

Indeed, the high oil price has underpinned many of the price rises seen in most economies in the past year.

Not only, then, do Libyans and oil executives have a stake in getting Libya's oil flowing again a quickly as possible -

but consumers the world over.



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MAC1_LESSON 19

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TEXT C [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14806100]

Contracts

The sooner production is restored the better, not just for Libya, but for the rest of the world.

Major oil companies are itching to get back in - Italy's ENI, for example, has already returned to assess the damage. Italian oil group ENI appears well placed to prosper from the reconstruction effort

Libya's new ruling body, the National Transitional Council, has said it will honour all contracts signed with the

Gaddafi regime - and the sooner the oil majors return, the sooner they can start generating profits from idle assets.

More interestingly, the new regime will at some point start looking to offer new contracts. An auction scheduled for

this year is unlikely to take place, but the likes of ENI, Repsol, Gazprom, Total, China National Petroleum Corporation,

BP, and Exxon Mobil are already jostling to be in pole position when the contracts are doled out.

And those that operate in countries that helped the rebels in ousting Muammar Gaddafi could be at an advantage.

On this basis, ENI, Total and BP could steal a march on their rivals.

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TEXT D [http://ibde.org/component/content/article/95-the-transformation-of-diplomacy-why-do-diplomats-need-to-understand-how-the-business-world-

operates.html]

The role of diplomats

Nowadays, diplomacy is characterised by networking that includes all levels of cooperation, within which business-related

issues play an increasingly important role. When looking at the

work of many foreign services today, one can see a trend that they are increasingly starting to function as coordinators of

foreign policy implementation. Business is playing a rapidly expanding role in the daily life of diplomats.

Although the diplomatic mission, which is a participation in the country's foreign policy formulation and implementation,

remains unchanged, diplomatic functions have become more diverse. In addition to the usual features (for example,

compiling and evaluating available information, communication, negotiations and dispute resolutions, participation in

multilateral institutions, economic development), a diplomat must also be a kind of entrepreneur, manager and

coordinator. In short, there is clear orientation and adaptation to diplomacy which could be described as “the model of

coordinated synergy”. One could highlight the following components of this model:

• The delegation of functions of share representation to other actors;

• An increasing role of foreign ministry in conducting the foreign policy activities;

• Movement to redefinition of the balance between generalists and specialists;• Active cooperation between businesspeople and diplomats;

• The growing role of specialists in fields such as business, power industry and IT;

• The global information environment is defining the work of the foreign office;

• The ways of communication have been diversified;

• Development of innovative information technologies;

• Fast exchange of information minimizes the importance of previously planned policy;

• The focus on immediate solutions, growing importance of multilateral cooperation formats.

As it is known, diplomats have profound knowledge of foreign languages, cultures, local customs and changing politics.

In addition, business-oriented knowledge would open channels for better and more efficient dialogue between business

people from both at home and abroad. Thus, diplomats could offer support to business people from their home country in

pursuit of commercial success abroad, and assist direct foreign investment into their home country.

Moreover, their knowledge of international trade, investment and business norms would be useful to settle diplomaticdisputes affecting international business. Both the active cooperation of entrepreneurs and the support given to various

business projects will allow diplomats to see more clearly the results of their work.



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MAC1_LESSON 19

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Language Work

(1)_________ tens of billions of dollars of frozen assets (2)___________ the country's short-termreconstruction, but without oil it cannot build (3)_________ upon which democracy can flourish.

Libya's (4) _________, therefore, (5) _________ Libya's fledgling regime and the wealth of its people.

Oil (6) ____________ the country's total (7) ____________, and 95% of its export earnings.

But the bloody civil war has reduced Libya's gushing oil fields to a trickle, with production running atlittle more than 50,000 barrels a day, compared with 1.6 million before hostilities broke out.

As John Hamilton at research group Cross Border Information says: "Libya (8) _____________ its

sovereign wealth. The bill for rebuilding the country will be enormous, and (9) __________itspopulation, it has to get oil production up and running again".

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Language Work

But the rehabilitation of the Libyan (1)_________ has a (2) ___________ still.

Although it (3) ____________ little more than 2% of global production, Libya (4) __________ aspecial kind of oil only a handful of countries, such as Nigeria and Azerbaijan, produce.

"Libyan crude is very high quality and the world needs [it]. It's used in transportation, energyproduction and high-value products," says Mr Huseynov.

He argues that the return of Libyan production to the international oil markets will "(5) ____________the price of Brent crude, (6) __________________.

"This will be a positive for the global economy."

Indeed, the high oil price has underpinned many of the price rises seen in most economies in the pastyear.

Not only, then, do Libyans and oil executives (7) ______________ getting Libya's oil flowing again aquickly as possible - but consumers the world over.

cannot afford to sit on oil industry freeing up to meet the demands of economic output

may be key to accounts for a quarter of holds the key to the success of stable economy

easing inflationary pressure oil industry have a stake in sits on

put downward pressure on wider impact it accounts for

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MAC1_LESSON 19

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Language Work

(1) ____________ production is restored (2) ____________, not just for Libya, but for the rest of the

world.

Major oil companies are itching to get back in - Italy's ENI, for example, has already returned to assess thedamage.Italian oil group ENI appears well placed to prosper from the reconstruction effort

Libya's new ruling body, the National Transitional Council, has said it will (3) ____________

(4)___________ the Gaddafi regime - and the sooner the oil majors return, the sooner they can start(5) _______________ from idle assets.More interestingly, the new regime will at some point start looking to offer new contracts. An auction

scheduled for this year (6) _____________, but the likes of ENI, Repsol, Gazprom, Total, China NationalPetroleum Corporation, BP, and Exxon Mobil are already

(7) _______________________ when the contracts are doled out.

And those that operate in countries that helped the rebels in ousting Muammar Gaddafi(8) _________________.On this basis, ENI, Total and BP could steal a march on their rivals.

MAC 1

Language Work

Nowadays, diplomacy (1) ________________ networking that includes all levels of cooperation, within

which business-related issues (2) ________________. When looking at thework of many foreign services today, one can see a trend that they are increasingly starting to function ascoordinators of foreign policy implementation. Business is playing a rapidly expanding role in the daily life of

diplomats.Although the diplomatic mission, which is a participation in the country's foreign policy formulation and

implementation, (3) _________________, diplomatic functions have become more diverse. In addition tothe usual features (for example, compiling and evaluating available information, communication,

negotiations and dispute resolutions, participation in multilateral institutions, economic development), adiplomat must also be a kind of entrepreneur, manager and coordinator. In short, there is clear orientation

and adaptation to diplomacy which could be described as “the model of coordinated synergy”. One couldhighlight the following components of this model:

• The delegation of functions of share representation to other actors;• An increasing role of foreign ministry (4) ______________ the foreign policy activities;• Movement to redefinition of the balance between generalists and specialists;

• Active cooperation between businesspeople and diplomats;

• The growing role of specialists in fields such as business, power industry and IT;• The global information environment is defining the work of the foreign office;• The ways of communication have been diversified;

• Development of innovative information technologies;

• Fast exchange of information minimizes the importance of previously planned policy;• The focus on immediate solutions, (5) ______________ multilateral cooperation formats.

(6) _______________, diplomats (7) _________________ foreign languages, cultures, local customs and

changing politics.

In addition, business-oriented knowledge (8) ____________________ and more efficient dialogue betweenbusiness people from both at home and abroad. Thus, diplomats could offer support to business people fromtheir home country in pursuit of commercial success abroad, and assist direct foreign investment into their

home country.Moreover, their knowledge of international trade, investment and business norms would be useful to settle

diplomatic disputes affecting international business. Both the active cooperation of entrepreneurs and thesupport given to various business projects will (9) ________________ more clearly the results of their

work.

the better generating profits honour all contracts could be at an advantage

is unlikely to take place signed with the sooner jostling to be in pole position

remains unchanged growing importance of allow diplomats to see as it is known is characterised by

is conducting play an increasingly important role have profound knowledge of would open channels for better

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What does a Diplomat do?

A diplomat, or envoy, represents her country worldwide in a variety of positions and capacities. She is expected, as

inferred by her job title, to be diplomatic and maintain the utmost poise and decorum at all times. Much of the job

involves international travel and interaction with foreign dignitaries, as well as assisting citizens of her own country

visiting foreign countries, refugees and foreigners seeking sanctuary. All of this is done in the context of positively

characterizing and defending her country’s political and social positions. The diplomat must also report back to her

country of origin on the political climate of the countries she visits.

Diplomats not only have to be up to date on international current affairs, but also be savvy at discussing potentially

incendiary topics with everyone from world leaders to ordinary citizens. This position requires the ability to assist in

the development of foreign policy based on personal observances and carefully scrutinized political climates.

Diplomats regularly negotiate treaties and agreements that affect international relations.

Although no two diplomats have the same workday, some duties are common to all of them. A diplomat spends a lot

of time in meetings, some dealing with local issues and others that may affect world peace. Every meeting,

regardless of its importance in the realm of international relations, must be reported upon and fully documented.

Diplomats also commonly update foreign country leaders on trade policy changes and other issues that significantly

affect world relations.

A career in this field can be exciting and rewarding, as it involves meeting intelligent and intriguing people from

many cultures and lifestyles. It can, however, be stressful. Since envoys typically travel about 50% of the time,exhaustion is a common complaint, as is yearning for the company of friends and family and craving favorite foods

from home. Contributing to harmony among nations is rewarding, but can often pale in comparison to the strain of

feelings of loneliness and alienation.

Based on the intensity of the position and the required knowledge and education, landing a job as a diplomat is a

challenge. A bachelor’s or master’s degree in international relations, political science or a related field is a good start,

but being fluent in at least two languages is almost always a prerequisite. Extensive personality and character tests

are often part of the screening process, as a diplomat can rarely anticipate the situation on the horizon and must be

counted on for stability, discretion and integrity.

A diplomat has little down time; she must always be ready to step forward with confidence and charm regardless of her opinions or feelings. Working well under pressure and meeting constantly changing deadlines regardless of the

environment are requirements to be a successful diplomat. Most importantly, a love of adventure, meeting new

people and experiencing different cultures must be a large part of a diplomat’s personality.

Source: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-does-a-diplomat-do.htm

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L L _ A D V _ U 3 . 3 _ e x 7 b _ p

. 3 1

L L _ A D V _ U 3 . 3 _ e x 9 _ p . 3 1

1

H e w a s w r o n g n o

t t o p a s s o n t h e i n f o r m a t i o n t o

t h e p r e s i d e n t

H e s h o u l d h a

v e p a s s e d o n t h e i n f o r m a t i o n

t o t h e p r e s i d e n t ( o u g h t t o h a v e p a s s e d )

2

I ’ m s u r e t h e a m b a s s a d o r d i d n’ t s a y t h a t .

T h e a m b a s s a

d o r c a n’ t h a v e

s a i d t h a t .

3

I f i n i s h e d t h e r e p o r t b y 5 p m b u t i t w a s n’ t n e c e s s a r y .

I n e e d n’ t h a v e

f i n i s h e d t h e r e p o r t b y 5 p m

4

I t w a s n’ t n e c e s s a r y f o r m e t o t e l l t h e h e a d o f s e c u r i t y .

I n e e d n’ t h a v e

t o l d t h e h e a d o f s e c u r i t y ( d i d n’ t h a v e t o t e l l )

5

M a y b e t h e a m b a

s s a d o r m i s s e d t h e p l a n e .

T h e a m b a s s a

d o r m a y h a v e m i s s e d t h e p l a n

e ( m i g h t )

6

I t w a s a m i s t a k e f

o r u s t o l e a v e t h e a m b a s s a d o r ’ s r e c e p t i o n .

W e s h o u l d n’ t

h a v e

l e f t t h e a m b a s s a d o r ’ s r e

c e p t i o n .

7

I ’ m s u r e t h e a m b a s s a d o r e n j o y e d t h e r e c e p t i o n .

T h e a m b a s s a

d o r m u s t h a v e e n j o y e d t h e r e

c e p t i o n

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

o n v e y s t h e i d e a

o f p o s s i b i l i t y


o f c e r t a i n t y

o n v e y s t h e

i d e a

o f i m p o s s i b i l i t y


o f l a c k o f

o b l i g a t i o n


o f

c r i t i c i s m


f a b s e n c e o f

e c e s s i t y


o f n e c e s s i t y

o n

v e y s t h e i d e a

o f r e g r e t

s u p p o s e I c o u l d

a v e h i r e d a l o c a l

u s s i a n t o g i v e m e

e s s o n s , b u t I j u s t

i d n’ t h a v e t h e

m o t i v a t i o n a t t h a t

p o i n t . ( 2 )

t

m u s t h a v e b e e n

a t l e a s t a y e a r

e f o r e I f e l t h a p p y

n

M o s c o w . ( 3 )

h e a m b a s s a

d o r

c a n’ t h a v e w r i t t e n

h i s . ( 1 0 )

h e a m b a s s a d o r

n e e d n’ t h a v e g o n e

h r o u g h c u s t o m s .

7 )

o

u o u g h t t o h a v e

m e n t i o n e d t h a t

e a

r l i e r . ( 9 )

h e a m b a s s a d

o r

i d n o t n e e d t o

h r o u g h

u s t o m s . ( 6 )

o u o u g h t t o h a v e

m e n t i o n e d t h a t

e a r l i e r . ( 9 )

k n

o w I s h o u l d

a v

e l e a r n e d s o m e

u s

s i a n b e f o r e w e

w e n t o u t t h e r e . ( 1 )

e m i g h t h a v e

c a u s e d a

i p l o m a t i c

n c i d e n t . ( 4 )

o u

d i d n’ t h a v e

t o

r i n g s u c h a n

e x p e n s i v e g i f t , b u t

h a n k y o u . ( 5 )

u r c o d e s m a y

a v e b e e n b r o k e n .

8 )

MA C

1

L an g u

a g eW or k

R E U S A B L E R E U S A B L E R

E U S A B L E R E U S A B L E R E U S

A B L E R E U S A B L E R E U S A B L

E R E U S A B L E

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P a i r 1

Y o u a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r

f i n d i n g a s m u c h i n f o r m a t i o n a s p

o s s i b l e t o j u s t i f y y o u r

a n s w e r s t o t h e f o l l o w i n

g q u e s t i o n s :

1 .

W h e n a n d w h e

r e d o e s t h e f i l m t a k e p l a c e ? J U S T I F Y

2 .

W h o a r e t h e s t u d e n t s ? W h a t d o t h e y w a n t ? J U S T I F Y

3 .

W h o i s t h e t e a c h e r ? W h a t d o e s h e w a n t ? J U S T I F

Y

R e u s a b l e S et _MA C1 _L 2 1 _ p . 7

MAT E R I AL D E U S O E X CL U S I V OD AA S S O CI A ÇÃ O C U L T U R A

I N GL E S A– S P .É V E T AD AAR E P R OD U ÇÃ O

P a i r 2






1 .

W h a t i s a d e b a t e t e a m ?

2 .

W h a t i s t h e h o t s p o t ?

3 .

W h a t i s a p r o p o s i t i o n ?

4 .

W h a t d o e s i t m

e a n t o a r g u e t h e a f f i r m a t i v e o r t h

e n e g a t i v e ?

5 .

W h a t i s s y l l o g i s

m ?

a .

W h a t h

a p p e n s w h e n a m a j o r p r e m i s e i s b a s e d o n a f a u l t y

a s s u m p

t i o n ?




P a i r 3






1 .

“ D e b a t e i s b l o o

d s p o r t . I t i s c o m b a t , b u t y o u r w e

a p o n s a r e w o r d s .”

F i n d e v i d e n c e o

f t h i s s t a t e m e n t i n t h e s c e n e s y o u h a v e w a t c h e d .

2 .

D e s c r i b e t h e a t

t i t u d e o f t h e t e a c h e r t o w a r d s t h e

s t u d e n t s . C o m m e n t o n

h i s p o s t u r e .

3 .

D e s c r i b e t h e p e

r f o r m a n c e o f W i l l e y C o l l e g e d e b a t e t e a m i n b o t h d e b a t e s .

C o m m e n t o n M

r L o w e a n d M i s s B o o k e p e r f o r m a

n c e s . W h a t d o y o u t h i n k

m a d e t h e m w i n

t h e d e b a t e s ?




P a i r 1

Y o u a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r f i n d i n g a s m u c h i n f o r m a t i o n a s p o s s i b l e t o

j u s t i f y y o u r

a n s w e r s t o t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s :

1 .

W h e n a n d w h e r e d o e s t h

e f i l m t a k e p l a c e ? J U S T I F Y

2 .

W h o a r e t h e s t u d e n t s ? W

h a t d o t h e y w a n t ? J U S T I F Y

3 .

W h o i s t h e t e a c h e r ? W h a t d o e s h e w a n t ? J U S T I F Y

R e

u s a b l e S et _MA C1 _L 2 1 _ p . 7

M

AT E R I AL D E U S O E X CL U S I V O

D AA S S O CI A ÇÃ O C U L T U R AI N GL E S A– S P .É V E T A

D AAR E P R OD U ÇÃ O

P a i r 2




1 .

W h a t i s a d e b a t e t e a m ?

2 .

W h a t i s t h e h o t s p o t ?

3 .

W h a t i s a p r o p o s i t i o n ?

4 .

W h a t d o e s i t m e a n t o a r g u e t h e a f f i r m a t i v e o r t h e n e g a t i v e ?

5 .

W h a t i s s y l l o g i s m ?

a .

W h a t h a p p e n s w

h e n a m a j o r p r e m i s e i s b a s e d o n a f a u l t y

a s s u m p t i o n ?

R e

u s a b l e S et _MA C1 _L 2 1 _ p . 7

M




P a i r 3




1 .

“ D e b a t e i s b l o o d s p o r t . I t i s c o m b a t , b u t y o u r w e a p o n s a r e

w o r d s .”

F i n d e v i d e n c e o f t h i s s t a t e m e n t i n t h e s c e n e s y o u h a v e w a

t c h e d .

2 .

D e s c r i b e t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e t e a c h e r t o w a r d s t h e s t u d e n t s . C o m m e n t o n

h i s p o s t u r e .

3 .

D e s c r i b e t h e p e r f o r m a n c

e o f W i l l e y C o l l e g e d e b a t e t e a m i n b o t h d e b a t e s .

C o m m e n t o n M r L o w e a n d M i s s B o o k e p e r f o r m a n c e s . W h a t d o y o u t h i n k

m a d e t h e m w i n t h e d e b a

t e s ?

R e

u s a b l e S et _MA C1 _L 2 1 _ p . 7

M




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MAC 1

Support Text 1

Going down the pipe

Do you have a toilet for your number 2 needs? You’re lucky! Over 1 billion people don’t, and the consequences aredire. Let me tell you a story about my country:

At the beginning of the twentieth century, a Brazilian writer, Monteiro Lobato, wrote a series of short stories aboutcountry folk. He made some wrong assumptions about these people: he believed that their being constantly tired wasa natural trait of theirs, that they had been born this way. He later discovered the true reason for that apparentlaziness and apologized for his wrong assumptions in the preface of his first book. Those people were always tiredbecause they were ill. They had no access to any sanitation system and, as a result of that, they had worms, mainlythe hookworm, which causes, among other things, anaemia and malnutrition.

Since this book was published in 1918, you might be thinking, “Well, the situation must have improved”. Yes, ithas, but it is still deplorable. In Brazil, only 44% of the population has access to a sewer system. And to make

matters worse, only 28% of the cities treat wastewater before releasing it into lakes and oceans. That means 217,000workers on paid sick leave every year due to gastrointestinal problems caused by the lack of sanitation. Inadequatesanitation is a major cause of disease worldwide. In Brazil, 13 million people still defecate in the open.

And why is this still happening? The truth is: sanitation has never been a major concern to any of the 40 presidentsmy country has had. First, it is expensive to implement. And most importantly, pipes are not great campaigners. Everyfour years we hear words of improvement, words of change, and words of better days ahead. These arepromises we like to hear, but promises are not enough.

If the current investment rate is kept, Brazilians will only have full access to sewerage in the year 2122. 2122. That’swhy, in the mean time, septic tanks must be built, and they must be built now. This onsite treatment system for

domestic wastewater is a simple and cheap alternative to a sewer system. But the question is: who would build thesetanks? Private initiative.

Through their unions, workers living in deprived areas can work collaboratively with companies on the construction of septic tanks for their homes. If you own a company, financing the construction of septic tanks at low or zero interestrates is vital for your own economic prosperity, as it is a quick road to higher profits. And why is that? Well, it’ssimple. Healthy workers produce more.

A research by one of Brazil’s most respected institutions, the Getúlio Vargas Foundation, reveals that workers whohave access to sanitation produce 13% more. Also, there are 20% fewer absences from work as a cause of diarrhoea.That means that together, Brazilian companies would save around 186 million dollars on paid sick leave every year if all the population had access to sanitation. And the best thing is that this simple solution brings benefits to everyone:the workers, who need better sanitation; companies, which want to produce more, and governments, whichwant to spend less.

The problem of sanitation is not a Brazilian privilege. In the whole world, 2.6 billion people still don’t have access to it, the vast majority of them living in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Meanwhile, virtually the entire population of developedcountries has access to it. The Netherlands, for example, has 99% of its houses connected to a sewer system.

Cholera, diarrhoea, anaemia and typhoid fever are examples of diseases caused by the lack of sanitation. Diarrhoeais responsible for 4% of all deaths worldwide. At any given time, patients suffering from diseases caused byinadequate sanitation occupy half of the world’s hospital beds. In fact, every year, poor sanitation kills 2 millionchildren under the age of 5. I know septic tanks are a temporary solution, but they are the attainable one. They canhelp us to achieve a lot more than just empty words. To paraphrase President Kennedy, it’s time to stop asking whatothers can do for us, and start asking what we can do for ourselves.

Thank you.

Luis Antonio Fantozzi Alvarez

MAC1_LESSON 22 MATERIAL DE USO EXCLUSIVO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO CULTURA INGLESA – SP. É VETADA A REPRODUÇÃO


7/29/2019 1. MAC1 efiles


Br az i l

M a i n ar t i c l e : H

e a l t h i nB r az

i l ( T a k e n f r o m : h t t p : / / e n . w i k i p e d i a . or g / w i k i / H

e a l t h _ c ar e _ s y s t e m # B r az i l

T h e Br a zi l i a nh e a l t h s y s t e m

i s c om p o s e d of a l a r g e , p u b l i c , g o v e r nm e n t m a n a g e d s y s t e m , t h e

S U S ( S i s t e m a Ú ni c o d e S a ú

d e ) , wh i c h s e r v e s t h e m a j or i t y of t h e

p o p ul a t i on , a n d a pr i v a t e

s e c t or ,m a n a g e d b yh e a l t h i n s ur a n c e f un d s a n d pr i v a t e e n t r e pr e n e

ur s .

T h e p u b l i c h e a l t h s y s t e m , S U S , w a s e s t a b l i s h e d i n1 9 8 8 b y t h e Br a zi l i a n C on s t i t u t i on , a n d

s i t s on 3 b a s i c pr i n c i pl e s of uni v e r s a l i t y , c om pr e h e n s i v e n e s s a n d

e q ui t y . Uni v e r s a l i t y s t a t e s

t h a t a l l c i t i z e n s m u s t h a v e a c c e s s t oh e a l t h c a r e s e r vi c e s , wi t h o u t

a n yf or m of d i s c r i mi n a t i on ,

r e g a r d i n g s k i n c ol or ,i n c om e , s o c i a l s t a t u s , g e n d e r or a n y o t h e r v a r i a b l e .

G o v e r nm e n t s t a n d a r d s s t a t e

t h a t c i t i z e n' s h e a l t h i s t h e r e s ul t of m ul t i pl e v a r i a b l e s ,i n c l u d i n g

e m pl o ym e n t ,i n c om e , a c c e s s t ol a n d , s a ni t a t i on s e r vi c e s , a c c e s s a

n d q u a l i t y of h e a l t h

s e r vi c e s , e d u c a t i on , p s y c h i c , s o c i a l a n d f a mi l y c on d i t i on s , a n d a r e e n t i t l e d t of ul l a n d

c om pl e t e h e a l t h c a r e , c om pr i s i n g pr e v e n t i on , t r e a t m e n t a n d r e h a b

i l i t a t i on .E q ui t y s t a t e s t h a t

h e a l t h p ol i c i e s s h o ul d b e or i e n t e d t o w a r d s t h e r e d u c t i on of i n e q u a l i t i e s b e t w e e n p o p ul a t i on

gr o u p s a n d i n d i vi d u a l s , b e i n

g t h e m o s t n e e d e d t h e on e s f or wh om

p ol i c i e s s h o ul d b e f i r s t

d i r e c t e d .

S U S a l s oh a s g ui d e l i n e s f or

i t s i m pl e m e n t a t i on , t h e m o s t p e c ul i a r b e i n g p o p ul a r

p a r t i c i p a t i on , wh i c h d e f i n e s

t h a t a l l p ol i c i e s a r e t o b e pl a nn e d a n d

s u p e r vi s e d d i r e c t l y b y t h e

p o p ul a t i on , t h r o u gh l o c a l , c i t y , s t a t e a n d n a t i on a l h e a l t h c o un c i l s

a n d c onf e r e n c e s .T h i s i s

r e g a r d e d a s a v e r y a d v a n c e d

f or m of d i r e c t d e m o c r a c y a n d h a s e s

t a b l i s h e d t h e g ui d e l i n e s f or

m a n y s i mi l a r i ni t i a t i v e s i n s e c t or s o t h e r t h a nh e a l t h a l l o v e r Br a zi l i a n s o c i e t y .

T h e l e v e l of p u b l i c s p e n d i n g

i s p a r t i c ul a r l yh i gh i nr e l a t i on t o GD

P f or a c o un t r y of Br a zi l ’ s

i n c om e l e v e l a n d i n c om p a r i s on wi t h i t s e m e r gi n g-m a r k e t p e e r s . G o v e r nm e n t o u t l a y s on

h e a l t h c a r e a l on e a c c o un t f o

r n e a r l y 9 % of GDP , t h e s e c on d l a r g e

s t i t e m of s p e n d i n g

f ol l o wi n g s o c i a l pr o t e c t i on .

I nh e a l t h c a r e , a n um b e r of c on v e n t i o

n a l o u t p u t i n d i c a t or s a r e n o t

o u t of s t e p wi t h OE C D a v e r

a g e s .F ol l o wi n g t h e d e c e n t r a l i s a t i on of s e r vi c e d e l i v e r yi n t h e

e a r l y1 9 9 0 s ,i n c r e a s i n g e m p

h a s i s h a s a p pr o pr i a t e l y b e e n pl a c e d o

n e nh a n c i n g pr e v e n t i v e

c a r e .B u t ,i n a d e c e n t r a l i s e d

s e t t i n g , c o s t - e f f e c t i v e n e s s d e p e n d s a

gr e a t d e a l on t h e a b i l i t y of

s e r vi c e d e l i v e r e r s t o e x pl oi t

e c on omi e s of s c a l e a n d s c o p e .E x p e r i e n c e wi t h i n t e r -m uni c i p a l

i ni t i a t i v e s f or pr o c ur e m e n t , a s w e l l a s f l e xi b l e a r r a n g e m e n t s f or h

o s pi t a l a d mi ni s t r a t i on a n d

h um a n-r e s o ur c e m a n a g e m e n t ,i s b y a n d l a r g e p o s i t i v e .

P r i v a t e H e a l t h I n s ur a n c e i s wi d e l y a v a i l a b l e i nBr a zi l a n d m a y b e

p ur c h a s e d on a n

i n d i vi d u a l - b a s i s or o b t a i n e d

a s a w or k b e n e f i t ( m a j or e m pl o y e r s u s u a l l y of f e r pr i v a t e h e a l t h

i n s ur a n c e b e n e f i t s ) .P u b l i c h

e a l t h c a r e i s s t i l l a c c e s s i b l e f or t h o s e

wh o c h o o s e t o o b t a i n

pr i v a t e h e a l t h i n s ur a n c e .A s

of M a r c h ,2 0 0 7 ,m or e t h a n 3 7 mi l l i onBr a zi l i a n s h a d s om e s or t

of pr i v a t e h e a l t h i n s ur a n c e .

R e u s a b l e S et _MA C1 _L 2 5

MAT E R I AL D E U S O

E X CL U S I V O D AA S S O CI A ÇÃ O

C U L T U R AI N GL E S A– S P .É V E T AD AAR E P R OD U ÇÃ O

Br az i l

M a i n ar t i c l e : H

e a l t h i nB r az i l ( T a k e n f r o m : h t t p : / / e n . w i k i p e d i a . or g / w i k i / H e a l t h _ c ar e

_ s y s t e m # B r az i l

T h e Br a zi l i a nh e a l t h s y s t e mi s c om p o s e d of a l a r g e , p u b l i c , g o v e r nm e n t m

a n a g e d s y s t e m , t h e

S U S ( S i s t e m a Ú ni c o d e S a ú d e ) , wh i c

h s e r v e s t h e m a j or i t y of t h e p o p ul a t i on , a n d a pr i v a t e

s e c t or ,m a n a g e d b yh e a l t h i n s ur a n c e

f un d s a n d pr i v a t e e n t r e pr e n e ur s .

T h e p u b l i c h e a l t h s y s t e m , S U S , w a s e s t a b l i s h e d i n1 9 8 8 b y t h e Br a zi l i a n C

on s t i t u t i on , a n d

s i t s on 3 b a s i c pr i n c i pl e s of uni v e r s a l i t y , c om pr e h e n s i v e n e s s a n d e q ui t y . U

ni v e r s a l i t y s t a t e s

t h a t a l l c i t i z e n s m u s t h a v e a c c e s s t oh

e a l t h c a r e s e r vi c e s , wi t h o u t a n yf or m

of d i s c r i mi n a t i on ,

r e g a r d i n g s k i n c ol or ,i n c om e , s o c i a l s t a t u s , g e n d e r or a n y o t h e r v a r i a b l e .

G o v e r nm e n t s t a n d a r d s s t a t e t h a t c i t i z

e n' s h e a l t h i s t h e r e s ul t of m ul t i pl e v a

r i a b l e s ,i n c l u d i n g

e m pl o ym e n t ,i n c om e , a c c e s s t ol a n d ,

s a ni t a t i on s e r vi c e s , a c c e s s a n d q u a l i t

y of h e a l t h

s e r vi c e s , e d u c a t i on , p s y c h i c , s o c i a l a n d f a mi l y c on d i t i on s , a n d a r e e n t i t l e d

t of ul l a n d

c om pl e t e h e a l t h c a r e , c om pr i s i n g pr e

v e n t i on , t r e a t m e n t a n d r e h a b i l i t a t i on .

E q ui t y s t a t e s t h a t

h e a l t h p ol i c i e s s h o ul d b e or i e n t e d t o w

a r d s t h e r e d u c t i on of i n e q u a l i t i e s b e t w e e n p o p ul a t i on

gr o u p s a n d i n d i vi d u a l s , b e i n g t h e m o

s t n e e d e d t h e on e s f or wh om p ol i c i e s

s h o ul d b e f i r s t

d i r e c t e d .

S U S a l s oh a s g ui d e l i n e s f or i t s i m pl e

m e n t a t i on , t h e m o s t p e c ul i a r b e i n g p o p ul a r

p a r t i c i p a t i on , wh i c h d e f i n e s t h a t a l l p

ol i c i e s a r e t o b e pl a nn e d a n d s u p e r vi s e d d i r e c t l y b y t h e

p o p ul a t i on , t h r o u gh l o c a l , c i t y , s t a t e a n d n a t i on a l h e a l t h c o un c i l s a n d c onf e r e n c e s .T h i s i s

r e g a r d e d a s a v e r y a d v a n c e d f or m of

d i r e c t d e m o c r a c y a n d h a s e s t a b l i s h e d

t h e g ui d e l i n e s f or

m a n y s i mi l a r i ni t i a t i v e s i n s e c t or s o t h e r t h a nh e a l t h a l l o v e r Br a zi l i a n s o c i e t y .

T h e l e v e l of p u b l i c s p e n d i n gi s p a r t i c

ul a r l yh i gh i nr e l a t i on t o GDP f or a c

o un t r y of Br a zi l ’ s

i n c om e l e v e l a n d i n c om p a r i s on wi t h

i t s e m e r gi n g-m a r k e t p e e r s . G o v e r nm

e n t o u t l a y s on

h e a l t h c a r e a l on e a c c o un t f or n e a r l y 9 % of GDP , t h e s e c on d l a r g e s t i t e m o

f s p e n d i n g

f ol l o wi n g s o c i a l pr o t e c t i on .I nh e a l t h

c a r e , a n um b e r of c on v e n t i on a l o u t p u t i n d i c a t or s a r e n o t

o u t of s t e p wi t h OE C D a v e r a g e s .F ol l o wi n g t h e d e c e n t r a l i s a t i on of s e r vi c e

d e l i v e r yi n t h e

e a r l y1 9 9 0 s ,i n c r e a s i n g e m ph a s i s h a s

a p pr o pr i a t e l y b e e n pl a c e d on e nh a n c

i n g pr e v e n t i v e

c a r e .B u t ,i n a d e c e n t r a l i s e d s e t t i n g , c o s t - e f f e c t i v e n e s s d e p e n d s a gr e a t d e a

l on t h e a b i l i t y of

s e r vi c e d e l i v e r e r s t o e x pl oi t e c on omi

e s of s c a l e a n d s c o p e .E x p e r i e n c e wi t h i n t e r -m uni c i p a l

i ni t i a t i v e s f or pr o c ur e m e n t , a s w e l l a s f l e xi b l e a r r a n g e m e n t s f or h o s pi t a l a d mi ni s t r a t i on a n d

h um a n-r e s o ur c e m a n a g e m e n t ,i s b y a

n d l a r g e p o s i t i v e .

P r i v a t e H e a l t h I n s ur a n c e i s wi d e l y a v

a i l a b l e i nBr a zi l a n d m a y b e p ur c h a s e d on a n

i n d i vi d u a l - b a s i s or o b t a i n e d a s a w or

k b e n e f i t ( m a j or e m pl o y e r s u s u a l l y of f e r pr i v a t e h e a l t h

i n s ur a n c e b e n e f i t s ) .P u b l i c h e a l t h c a r

e i s s t i l l a c c e s s i b l e f or t h o s e wh o c h o

o s e t o o b t a i n

pr i v a t e h e a l t h i n s ur a n c e .A s of M a r c h ,2 0 0 7 ,m or e t h a n 3 7 mi l l i onBr a zi l i a n s h a d s om e s or t

of pr i v a t e h e a l t h i n s ur a n c e .

R e

u s a b l e S et _MA C1 _L 2 5

MAT E R I AL D E U S O

E X CL U S I V O D AA S S O CI A ÇÃ O

C U L T U R AI N GL E S A– S P

.É V E T AD AAR E P R OD U ÇÃ O

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mac1_L 25 support text 1

The Legatum Institute's 2010 Prosperity Index ranks 110

countries, covering 90% of the world's population. To build its

index Legatum gathers upward of a dozen international surveys

done by the likes of the Gallup polling group, the Heritage

Foundation and the World Economic Forum. Each country isranked on 89 variables sorted into eight subsections: economy,

entrepreneurship, governance, education, health, safety,

personal freedom and social capital.

Best Places

The World's Happiest CountriesChristopher Helman, 01.19.11, 12:00 PM EST

Most of the nations atop our list are democratic,

business-friendly and boast strong social safety nets

Think about it for a minute: What does happiness

mean to you?

For most, being happy starts with having enough

money to do what you want and buy what you

want. A nice home, food, clothes, car, leisure. All

within reason.

But happiness is much more than money. It's beinghealthy, free from pain, being able to take care of

yourself. It's having good times with friends and

family.

Furthermore, happiness means being able to speak

what's on your mind without fear, to worship the

God of your choosing, and to feel safe and secure in

your own home.

Happiness means having opportunity--to get an

education, to be an entrepreneur. What's moresatisfying than having a big idea and turning it into a

thriving business, knowing all the way that the

harder you work, the more reward you can expect?

With this in mind, five years ago researchers at the

Legatum Institute, a London-based nonpartisan

think tank, set out to rank the happiest countries in

the world. But because "happy" carries too much of

a touchy-feely connotation, they call it "prosperity."

Legatum recently completed its 2010 Prosperity

Index, which ranks 110 countries, covering 90% of

the world's population.

To build its index Legatum gathers data from 12

sources the Gallup polling group, the Heritage

Foundation and the World Economic Forum. Each

country is ranked on 89 variables sorted into eight

subsections: economy, entrepreneurship,

governance, education, health, safety, personal

freedom and social capital.

The core concept: Prosperity is complex; achieving

it relies on a confluence of factors that build on

each other in a virtuous circle.


MAC 1

Support Text

7/29/2019 1. MAC1 efiles


A d d a p or t i on

A t b r e ak f a s t

Y o u c o ul d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ y o ur c e r e a l or j u s t _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ b e f or e y o ul e a v e

t h e h o u s e .I f y o ur b r e a k f a

s t i s s c r a m b l e d e g g s , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

F or e l e v e n s e s

T a k e a p pl e s , c l e m e n t i n e s , s a t s um a s or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a t w or k . Or wh yn o t

h a v e

s om e

c a r r o t

or

c e l e r y

s t i c k s

wi t h

r e d u c

e d -f a t

h o um o u s ?

T h i s

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .T h i nk a b o u t wh a t y o u w a n t t o t a k e t o w or k a n d b u yi t t h e

n e x t t i m e y o u d o y o ur s h o

p pi n g .

A t a s an d wi c h b ar f or l u

n c h

C a n y o u _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,r ol l or b a g u e t t e ? An d h a v e s om e

f r ui t or a f r e s h , un s w e e t e n

e d 1 0 0 %f r ui t j ui c e f or d e s s e r t .

I n ar e s t a ur an t

C a n y o u _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or s a l a d , or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _–

t o a pi zz a f or

e x a m pl e –

t h a t wi l l c o un t a s on e p or t i on ? C h e c k t h e m e n u

f or s t a r t e r s a n d s i d e s , a n d

d on’ t b e

a f r a i d

t o

a s k

i f t h e

c h e f c a n

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or f r ui t t o a p u d d i n g .

I n s t e a d of or d e r i n g c h i p s ,

a s k f or a f r e s h s a l a d or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

Wh e n or d e r i n g a t ak e a w

a y

H o w c a n y o u a d d a p or t i on t o a t a k e a w a y ? I f y o uh a v e

a C h i n e s e ,f or e x a m pl e ,

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . W

h e n or d e r i n g a pi zz a , a s k f or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t o

h e l p t o w a r d s y o ur 5 ADA

Y .I f y o u' r e h a vi n g a c ur r y , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

B e a w a r e t h a t s om e v e g e t a b l e d i s h e s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ .Di s h e s t h a t c om e i n a

t om a t o or v e g e t a b l e - b a s e d s a u c e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h o s e i n c r e a m or

c h e e s e - b a s e d

s a u c e s .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a r e

n or m a

l l yl o w e r

i n

f a t

t h a n

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .M o s t t a k e a w a y s a n d o t h e r f a s t f o o d s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , s a l t a n d

s u g a r , s o onl yh a v e t h e m o c c a s i on a l l y or i n s m a l l a m o un t s a s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

Wh e n e a t i n g o u t

Wh yn o t or d e r a s a l a d f i l l e d wi t h a v a r i e t y of v e g e t a b l e s f or y o ur m a i n c o ur s e , a n d

a s k f or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ?

H o w wi l l y o u a d d on e p or t i on of f r ui t a n d v e g e t a b l e s t of o o d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? M a k e

t h a t q u e s t i on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ a n d

y o u’ l l s o on

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

E x t r a c t e d f r o m : h t t p : / / w w w . n h s . u k / L i v e w

e l l / 5 A D A Y / P a g e s / 5 A D A Y o n t h e r u n . a s p x

R e u s a b l e S e t _ M A C 1 _L 2 8

M A T E R I A L D E U S OE X C L U S I V OD A A S S O C I A Ç Ã O C UL T U R A I N G L E S A –

S P .É V E T A D A A R E P R OD U Ç Ã O

A d d a p or t i on

A t b r e ak f a s t

Y o u c o ul d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ y o ur c e r e a l or j u s t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ b e f or e y o ul e a v e

t h e h o u s e .I f y o ur b r e a k f a s t i s s c r a m b l e d e g g s , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

F or e l e v e n s e s

T a k e a p pl e s , c l e m e n t i n e s , s a t s um a s or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a t w or k . Or wh yn o t

h a v e

s om e

c a r r o t

or

c e l e

r y s t i c k s

wi t h

r e d u c e d -f a t

h o um o u s ?

T h i s

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .T h i nk

a b o u t wh a t y o u w a n t t o t a k e t o w

or k a n d b u yi t t h e

n e x t t i m e y o u d o y o ur s h o p pi n g .

A t a s an d wi c h b ar f or l un c h

C a n y o u _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,r ol l or b a g u e t t e

? An d h a v e s om e

f r ui t or a f r e s h , un s w e e t e n e d 1 0 0 %f r ui t j ui c e f or d e s s e r t .

I n ar e s t a ur an t

C a n y o u _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or s a l a d , or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _–

t o a pi zz a f or

e x a m pl e –

t h a t wi l l c o un t a s on e

p or t i on ? C h e c k t h e m e n uf or s t a r t e r s a n d s i d e s , a n d

d

on’ t b e

a f r a i d

t o

a s k

i f t h e

c h e f c a n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or f r ui t t o a p u d d i n g .

I n s t e a d of or d e r i n g c h i p s , a s k f or

a f r e s h s a l a d or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

Wh e n or d e r i n g a t ak e a w a y

H o w c a n y o u a d d a p or t i on t o

a t a k e a w a y ? I f y o uh a v e a C h i n e s e ,f or e x a m pl e ,

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Wh e n or d e r i n g a pi zz a , a s k f or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t o

h e l p t o w a r d s y o ur 5 ADAY .I f y

o u' r e h a vi n g a c ur r y , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

B e a w a r e t h a t s om e v e g e t a b l e d i s h e s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .Di s h e s t h a t c om e i n a

t om a t o or v e g e t a b l e - b a s e d s a u c

e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h o s e i n c r e a m or

c h e e s e - b a s e d

s a u c e s .

_ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a r e

n or m a l l yl o w

e r i n

f a t

t h a n

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .M o s t t a k e a w a y s

a n d o t h e r f a s t f o o d s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , s a l t a n d

s u g a r , s o onl yh a v e t h e m o c c a s i on a l l y or i n s m a l l a m o un t s a s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

Wh e n e a t i n g o u t

Wh yn o t or d e r a s a l a d f i l l e d wi t h a v a r i e t y of v e g e t a b l e s f or y o ur m a i n c o ur s e , a n d

a s k f or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ?

H o w wi l l y o u a d d on e p or t i on o

f f r ui t a n d v e g e t a b l e s t of o o d _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? M a k e

t h a t q u e s t i on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ a n d

y o u’ l l s o on

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

E x t r a c t e d f r o m : h t t p : / / w w w . n h s . u k / L i v e w e l l / 5 A D A Y / P

a g e s / 5 A D A Y o n t h e r u n . a s p x

R e u s a b l e S e t _ M A C 1 _L 2 8

M A T E R I A L D E U S OE

X C L U S I V OD A A S S O C I A Ç Ã O C UL T U R A I N G L E S A –

S P .

É V E T A D A A R E P R OD U Ç Ã O

7/29/2019 1. MAC1 efiles


Add a portion

At breakfast

You could slice fruit over your cereal or just grab a banana before you leave the house. If your breakfast is

scrambled eggs, add some mushrooms or tomatoes.

For elevenses

Take apples, clementines, satsumas or pears to snack on at work. Or why not have some carrot or celery sticks

with reduced-fat houmous? This requires a little forward planning. Think about what you want to take to work

and buy it the next time you do your shopping.

At a sandwich bar for lunch

Can you add extra salad to your sandwich, roll or baguette? And have some fruit or a fresh, unsweetened 100%

fruit juice for dessert.

In a restaurant

Can you order a starter, side vegetable or salad, or add an extra ingredient – to a pizza for example – that will

count as one portion? Check the menu for starters and sides, and don’t be afraid to ask if the chef can add

steamed vegetables to a dish or fruit to a pudding. Instead of ordering chips, ask for a fresh salad or some

roasted vegetables.

When ordering a takeaway

How can you add a portion to a takeaway? If you have a Chinese, for example, add stir-fried vegetables. When

ordering a pizza, ask for extra mushrooms on top to help towards your 5 A DAY. If you're having a curry, order

a side vegetable dish.

Be aware that some vegetable dishes may be high in fat. Dishes that come in a tomato or vegetable-based sauce

are usually lower in fat than those in cream or cheese-based sauces. Steamed vegetables are normally lower in

fat than fried vegetables. Most takeaways and other fast foods contain high levels of fat, salt and sugar, soonly have them occasionally or in small amounts as part of a balanced diet.

When eating out

Why not order a salad filled with a variety of vegetables for your main course, and ask for lower-fat dressing?

H ill dd ti f f it d t bl t f d th ? M k th t ti t f d il

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