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MPEG-21 : Goals and Achievements
Ian Burnett, Rik Van de Walle, Keith Hill, Jan Bormans and Fernando Pereira
IEEE Multimedia, October-November 2003
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Outline Introduction Digital Item (DI) MPEG-21 Spec. Digital Item Declaration (DID) Digital Item Identification (DII) REL and RDD Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) Conclusion
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MPEG-21 Introduction Goal: ”multimedia framework” to enable
transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources across various networks and devices
Technologies: To create, manage, transport, distribute, and consume Digital Items (DI)
Concepts: fundamental unit of distribution and transaction, DI, and Users interaction with DI.(MPEG-21 Overview, MPEG doc. N5231)
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Digital Item A structured digital object with a
standard representation, identification and description (metadata)
Fundamental unit of distribution and transaction in MPEG-21 multimedia framework
DI = (resource + metadata + structure) Resource – individual asset or distributed
content Metadata – data description Structure – relationship among parts of digital
item, both resource and metadata
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MPEG-21 ”7 Elements”(1) Digital Item Declaration
A uniform and flexible abstraction and interoperable schema for declaring Digital Items
Digital Item Identification and Description A framework for identification and description of any enti
ty regardless of its nature, type or granularity Content Handling and Usage
Provide interfaces and protocols that enable creation, manipulation, search, access, storage, delivery, and re(use) of content across the content distribution and consumption value chain
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MPEG-21 ”7 Elements”(2) Intellectual Property Management and
Protection The means to enable content to be persistently and reliab
ly managed and protected across a wide range of networks and devices
Terminals and Networks The ability to provide interoperable and transparent acce
ss to content across network and terminal Content Representation
How the media resources are represented Event Reporting
The metrics and interfaces that enable Users to understand precisely the performance of all reportable events within the framework
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MPGE-21 Spec. Part 1 – Vision, Technologies and Strategy Part 2 – Digital Item Declaration (DID) Part 3 – Digital Item Identification (DII) Part 4 – Intellectual Property Management and Protection
(IPMP) Part 5 – Rights Expression Language (REL) Part 6 – Rights Data Dictionary (RDD) Part 7 – Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) Part 8 – Reference Software Part 9 – File Format Part10 – Digital Item Processing (DIP) Part 11 Evaluation Tools for Persistent Association Part 12 Test Bed for MPEG-21 Resource Delivery Part 13 Scalable video coding Part 14 Conformance
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MPGE-21 Spec.(Cont1.) Vision, technologies, and strategy
describes the multimedia framework and its architectural elements
Digital Item Declaration (DID) provides a uniform and flexible abstraction and
interoperable schema for declaring Digital Items
Digital Item Identification (DII) defines the framework for identifying any entity
regardless of its nature, type, or granularity
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MPGE-21 Spec.(Cont2.) Intellectual property management and
protection (IPMP) provides the means to reliably manage and
protect content across networks and devices Rights Expression Language (REL)
specifies a machine-readable language that can declare rights and permissions using the terms as defined in the Rights Data Dictionary
Rights Data Dictionary (RDD) specifies a dictionary of key terms required to
describe users’ rights
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MPGE-21 Spec.(Cont3.) Digital Item Adaptation (DIA)
defines description tools for usage environment and content format features that might influence the transparent access to the multimedia content
Reference software includes software that implements the tools
specified in the MPEG-21 Spec. File format
defines a file format for storing and distributing Digital Items.
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MPGE-21 Spec.(Cont4.) Digital Item Processing (DIP)
defines mechanisms for standardized and interoperable processing of the information in Digital Item.
Test bed for MPEG-21 resource delivery provides a software-based test bed for
delivering scalable media and testing/evaluating this scalable media delivery in streaming environments
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Digital Item DeclarationDID model : (XML-based)
•Container – logical package
•Item – grouping sub-items and/or components bounded to relevant descriptions
•Component – binding of a resource to descriptors
•Examples: CD package with music + video + graphics
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Digital Item Identification (DII) Uniquely identify Digital Items Identification : a tag (number, …), e.g.,ISBN Syntax: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
urn : mpeg:mpeg21:diid:sss:nnn sss = name of the identification system nnn = unique identifier within that identification
system Ex: ISAN:3943…=Int’s Standard Audiovisual Nu
mber:3934…
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REL and RDD Rights Expression Language (REL)
A machine-readable language that can declare rights and permissions using the terms as defined in the Rights Data Dictionary
Rights Data Dictionary (RDD) A set of clear, consistent, structured,
integrated and uniquely identified Terms to support the MPEG-21 Rights Expression Language
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REL Data Model 4 key components
Principal (user, compliance devices) Rights (copy, play, download, view, print,…) Resource (the digital content) Condition (when, how, how much times,…)
Example Registered user 8043 can have 10 downloads fro
m compliant device 132 starting from time xxx to time yyy
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Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) Goal : achieve interoperable transparent
access to (distributed) advanced multimedia content by shielding Users from network and terminal installation, management and implementation issues
Usage Environment Description Tools User characteristics, Terminal characteristics, etc.
Resource Adaptability Tools Binary Media Resource Adaptability, etc.
System-Related Tools Session Mobility, etc.