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New Jersey Avian Influenza Response Plan (Birds)New Jersey Avian Influenza Response Plan (Birds)

Presented by: NJ Department of AgriculturePresented by: NJ Department of Agriculture

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Avian Influenza Virus: ReviewAvian Influenza Virus: Review• Orthomyxovirus, type AOrthomyxovirus, type A

• Serologically categorized (H1-H15) and (N1-N9) Serologically categorized (H1-H15) and (N1-N9)

• H5 and H7 subtypes: reportableH5 and H7 subtypes: reportable

• US $23.3 billion poultry industryUS $23.3 billion poultry industry

• NJ $35 million/year poultry industryNJ $35 million/year poultry industry

• Economic loss – direct/indirectEconomic loss – direct/indirect

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• Highly PathogenicHighly Pathogenic• Apocalyptic: Apocalyptic:

100% mortality 100% mortality within 24 hours of within 24 hours of exposure (no time exposure (no time for clinical signs to for clinical signs to develop)develop)

Erica SpackmanSoutheast Poultry Research

LaboratoryUSDA-ARS, Athens, GA

Avian Influenza and PoultryAvian Influenza and Poultry

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• Direct contact from infected birdsDirect contact from infected birds

– Virus is excreted from the respiratory tract, conjunctiva, Virus is excreted from the respiratory tract, conjunctiva, and in feces and in feces

– Virus can survive long term in cool moist environmentsVirus can survive long term in cool moist environments

– Migratory waterfowl may be the source of infectionMigratory waterfowl may be the source of infection

TransmissionTransmission

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• FomitesFomites

– Movement of materials exposed to infected birds and Movement of materials exposed to infected birds and carcasses, carcasses,

– Obvious: Contaminated feed, water, implementsObvious: Contaminated feed, water, implements

– Potentially overlooked: People, pets, vehiclesPotentially overlooked: People, pets, vehicles

TransmissionTransmission

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Current Situation: Asian HPAICurrent Situation: Asian HPAI

• Current outbreaks remain primarily an animal disease Current outbreaks remain primarily an animal disease

• Early detection and rapid response to an outbreak are Early detection and rapid response to an outbreak are crucial to control the disease and minimize the number of crucial to control the disease and minimize the number of animals affectedanimals affected

• Eradicating at the farm may prevent a human pandemicEradicating at the farm may prevent a human pandemic

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Asian H5N1 HPAI EpizooticAsian H5N1 HPAI Epizootic

• Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong, China

• Geese with some mortalityGeese with some mortality

• H5N1 AI virus – HP for H5N1 AI virus – HP for chickenschickens

The Beginning, 1996The Beginning, 1996

Les Sims

•1997, Hong Kong: 1997, Hong Kong: • 18 human cases, 6 deaths18 human cases, 6 deaths• Depop. 1.4m poultryDepop. 1.4m poultry

David E. Swayne, David L. Suarez, Erica Spackman, Mary Jackwood

Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory Agricultural Research Service

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10/29/05-4/6/0610/29/05-4/6/06

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AssumptionsAssumptions

1.1. Asian HPAI H5N1 will continue to spread globallyAsian HPAI H5N1 will continue to spread globally

a.a. 55 countries as of 8/06 vs. 45 countries as of 4/0655 countries as of 8/06 vs. 45 countries as of 4/06

2.2. Entry into North America:Entry into North America:

a. Migratory birdsa. Migratory birds

b. Imported birds and productsb. Imported birds and products

c. Smuggled birds and productsc. Smuggled birds and products

3.3. Once introduced into wild bird population response Once introduced into wild bird population response will continue until…will continue until…

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Influenza in Migratory BirdsInfluenza in Migratory Birds• Estimated that 5 million birds (over 300 species), Estimated that 5 million birds (over 300 species),

migrate from North America to Central and South migrate from North America to Central and South America, and similar numbers travel from America, and similar numbers travel from Eastern Europe to Africa each fall.Eastern Europe to Africa each fall.

• Gill FB. Ornithology. 2Gill FB. Ornithology. 2ndnd ed. New York: Freeman; ed. New York: Freeman; 1994.1994.

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Risks:Risks:• Potential delay between Potential delay between

initial identification of initial identification of disease and embargodisease and embargo

• Illegal importationIllegal importation

Preventive measures:Preventive measures:• Embargoes placed on Embargoes placed on

countries/regions with countries/regions with documented infectiondocumented infection

• Reporting requirements Reporting requirements – OIE– OIE

Imported birds/productsImported birds/products

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Protecting New Jersey’s Birds …Protecting New Jersey’s Birds …

… … key to preventing spread of HPAI viruskey to preventing spread of HPAI virus

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Preventing spread of HPAI virusPreventing spread of HPAI virus

• Early detectionEarly detection Strong surveillance programStrong surveillance program

• Limit spread of virusLimit spread of virusEffective quarantine zonesEffective quarantine zones

• Elimination of virusElimination of virus

Cleaning & disinfectionCleaning & disinfection

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• Enhanced surveillance of avian Enhanced surveillance of avian populations populations – Commercial poultryCommercial poultry– Live bird marketing systemLive bird marketing system– Non-commercial Non-commercial

poultry/domestic fowlpoultry/domestic fowl

• Non-domestic bird populationsNon-domestic bird populations- Wild bird populationsWild bird populations- Zoo/exhibit birdsZoo/exhibit birds- Wildlife rehabilitatorsWildlife rehabilitators

Eliminate virus at point of originEliminate virus at point of origin

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www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/ah/diseases/avian_influenza.htmlwww.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/ah/diseases/avian_influenza.html

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Recent outbreaks identified first by veterinarians:Recent outbreaks identified first by veterinarians:•California Exotic Newcastle disease California Exotic Newcastle disease •West Nile Virus West Nile Virus •MonkeypoxMonkeypox

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PPE for first respondersPPE for first responders

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A chicken breast with a thermometer A chicken breast with a thermometer inserted to verify safe internal cooking inserted to verify safe internal cooking temperature of chicken at 165°F. temperature of chicken at 165°F.

USDA Photo 06di1327USDA Photo 06di1327

Educational CampaignEducational Campaign

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All utensils that have been exposed to raw All utensils that have been exposed to raw poultry should be thoroughly cleaned, poultry should be thoroughly cleaned, such as, in a dishwasher. such as, in a dishwasher.

USDA Photo 06di1329USDA Photo 06di1329

Educational CampaignEducational Campaign

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It is necessary to thoroughly scrub the It is necessary to thoroughly scrub the countertop area where raw poultry has countertop area where raw poultry has laid. laid.

USDA Photo 06di1336USDA Photo 06di1336

Educational CampaignEducational Campaign

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Goal upon identification of increased risk Goal upon identification of increased risk to HPAI affecting NJ is to minimize to HPAI affecting NJ is to minimize impacts through a coordinated statewide impacts through a coordinated statewide response …response …

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ImpactsImpacts

• Animal health concernsAnimal health concerns

• Human health concernsHuman health concerns

• Economic concernsEconomic concerns– Poultry/egg consumptionPoultry/egg consumption– TourismTourism– JobsJobs– TradeTrade

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Nancy E Halpern, DVMNancy E Halpern, DVMState VeterinarianState Veterinarian

New Jersey Department of AgricultureNew Jersey Department of Agriculture609-292-3965609-292-3965

Nancy.halpern@ag.state.nj.us

www.nj.gov/agriculture/divisions/ah/diseases/avian_influenza.htmlhttp://www.avianflu.gov/http://www.pandemicflu.gov/

Contact and further informationContact and further information