1 of 25 Knowledge Based Society and Researchers Mobility in the Age of Globalization – Thessalonica, Oct 18-19 University of Zagreb Balkan Dimension of

1 of 25 Knowledge Based Society and Researchers Mobility in the Age of Globalization – Thessalonica, Oct 18-19

University of ZagrebUniversity of Zagreb University of ZagrebUniversity of Zagreb

Balkan Dimension of Balkan Dimension of Researchers MobilityResearchers Mobility

Dr. Dr. Neven DuićNeven Duić, Assist. , Assist. Prof.Prof.

University of Zagreb University of Zagreb


ContentsContentsContentsContents

• Western Balkans in EHEA and ERA

• Stemming the brain drain while enabling mobility

• Obstacles to incoming mobility

• Issue of intraregional mobility

• Intersectorial mobility – academia and industry

• Interprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarity


Western BalkansWestern BalkansWestern BalkansWestern Balkans

CroatiaCroatia

Bosnia and Bosnia and HerzegovinaHerzegovina

SerbiaSerbia

AlbaniaAlbania fYRo fYRo MacedoniaMacedonia

KosovoKosovoUNMIKUNMIKMontenegroMontenegro

U ZagrebU Zagreb

U RijekaU Rijeka U OsijekU Osijek

U ZadarU Zadar

U SplitU Split

U DubrovnikU Dubrovnik

U TiranaU Tirana

U BihacU BihacU TuzlaU Tuzla

U SarajevoU SarajevoU E. SarajevoU E. Sarajevo

U MostarU MostarU Dz.B. MostarU Dz.B. Mostar

U TetovoU TetovoU SEE TetovoU SEE Tetovo

U SkppjeU Skppje

U PrishtinaU Prishtina

U BitolaU Bitola

U NisU Nis

U BelgradeU BelgradeU A BelgradeU A Belgrade

U Novi SadU Novi Sad

U MontenegroU Montenegro

U KragujevacU Kragujevac

U Banja LukaU Banja Luka


Western Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERAWestern Balkans in EHEA and ERA

• Typical path of researcher before 1990– studying 4-5 years undergraduate programme

in 6-8 years– military service– two years in industry for technical sciences– assistant at the institution of graduation– studying 1-2 years Master programme plus

MSc thesis in 6-8 years while doing teaching, research and projects

– further 6-8 years of teaching, research and projects in order to obtain PhD

– researcher becomes independent researcher

1919

2626

2727

2929

3737

4545



• Research before 1990– inbreeding – from cradle to grave– only short term mobility allowed – once out

forever out– very slow change– after cut-off age of 30 – generally unemployable– research was more necessary nuisance than

necessity – the only way to open new areas was to

increase number – increasing the curricula – further slowing down the system



• Bologna process in Western Balkans– open acceptance but hidden resistance to

change– all 5 WB ratified Lisbon convention and

entered Bologna process– two-cycle degree system

• Croatia, Kosovo/UNMIK, fYRo Macedonia, Montenegro,– experimentation and implementation

• Bosnia & Herzegovina – preparation and experimentation

• Albania, Serbia – preparation



• Bologna process in Western Balkans– University integration

• Montenegro, Kosovo/UNMIK – implementation of fully integrated University

• Croatia – implementation of half-baked integrated University

• Bosnia & Herzegovina – preparation – fully integrated University

• Albania, fYRo Macedonia, Serbia – preparation



• Bologna process in Western Balkans– ECTS

• ECTS implemented or under implementation in Croatia, Kosovo/UNMIK, fYRo Macedonia, Montenegro – implementation of fully integrated University

• Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia – in preparation



• Bologna process in Western Balkans– ECTS and student mobility

• intra-University curricular mobility difficult due to rigid programs – possible but discouraged due to wide in house curricular offer

• inter-University (national, regional and international) mobility practically impossible due rigid programs but also due to lack of finance vehicles (Erasmus, etc.)



• National RTD– Small projects paid to all “independent”

researchers • wide priorities• 85% proposals accepted, less on merits and more on

status (Croatia)• national review – to small pool of researcher for

independent review• not very efficient way of using tax payers funds



• International cooperation– DG RTD – FP6

• INCO WBC – dedicated for Western Balkans• most of programmes open to WBC• Marie Curie

– DG Education• Tempus

– DG ENV• LIFE TCY


Stemming the brain drain while enabling mobilityStemming the brain drain while enabling mobilityStemming the brain drain while enabling mobilityStemming the brain drain while enabling mobility

• Increased mobility should try to avoid draining future members of their talents completely– reintegration – mobility as part of international cooperation– increasing research opportunities in Western

Balkans– reintegration plus – returning researcher brings

funds to his institution (outsourcing parts of research)

– avoiding making one off choices


Obstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobilityObstacles to incoming mobility

• Visas and work permits – though visas not necessary for short visits of

EU researchers (up to 3 months) if any payment is involved, work permit is necessary

– Visa policy under joint jurisdiction of Ministry of foreign affairs and Ministry of internal affairs

• giving priority to security issues • not distinguishing between researchers and

economic migrants



• Very low limit to untaxed student fellowships – in Croatia 1000 HRK per month (150 EUR)

• High taxes – the total cost is approximately double than the fellowship

• High overheads institution take also on funds for fellowships



• No social and health security system for foreign researchers developed– undergraduate students may use health

security system dedicated to students

• Language barriers – obligatory usage of local languages, especially for thesis, all the documents, diplomas, etc. – even when lectures are in foreign language

• Accommodation and housing– weak formal rental market– language barriers– price barriers


Issue of intraregional mobilityIssue of intraregional mobilityIssue of intraregional mobilityIssue of intraregional mobility

• Research in the region of Western Balkans is too similarly structured and too much in need of reform

• The need to integrate WB research into ERA, not to reintegrate WB research on wrong model

• Certain level of regional mobility for political reasons


Intersectorial mobility – academia and industryIntersectorial mobility – academia and industryIntersectorial mobility – academia and industryIntersectorial mobility – academia and industry

• Economy is low added value – little knowledge based economy in WB– FDI is the most significant issue

• FDI into R&D – outsourcing R&D to WB• general FDI with R&D component

– Local companies • prefer to cry for protection than to invest in R&D• negative attitude towards “science”

• Large potential– Well educated workforce– Reasonably priced graduates


Interprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarityInterprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarityInterprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarityInterprofessional mobility and multidisciplinarity

• Rigid curricular system

• Forced loyalty to cradle to grave system of research

• Nonintegrated Universities


Case Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portals

• Croatian Information Documentation Referral

Agency – HIDRA is a professional service of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, established to perform information, documentation and referral work. (in English): http://www.hidra.hr/hidrae/hidra.htm

• Directory of State Institutions of the Republic of Croatia (in English): http://www.hidra.hr/rhe/INSTA.htm

• Ministry of science, education and sports (Croatian&English): http://www.mzos.hr/

• Ministry of science, education and sports database of scientific and high educational institutions (in Croatian) http://www.mzos.hr/ustanove/pregled.aspx?offset=0


Case Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portalsCase Croatia: Information portals

• Ministry of science, education and sports web pages about international cooperation with EU (in Croatian): http://www.mzos.hr/default.asp?ru=213&jezik=1

• Ministry of science, education and sports web pages about bilateral cooperation (in Croatian): http://www.mzos.hr/default.asp?ru=202&akcija=

• Ministry of science, education and sports web pages about multilateral cooperation (in Croatian): http://www.mzos.hr/default.asp?ru=203&akcija=

• Croatian open government database of institution links (in Croatian): http://www.vlada.hr/otvorena/

• Croatian research bibliography: http://bib.irb.hr/index.html?lang=EN

• List of all research projects and their bibliography and coordinators (in Croatian): http://bib.irb.hr/lista-svih-projekata?&chset=ASCII&lang=EN


Case Croatia: Higher EducationCase Croatia: Higher EducationCase Croatia: Higher EducationCase Croatia: Higher Education

In Croatia there are 85 public institutions of higher education

– In Zagreb there are 41 institutions of higher education (28 faculties, 3 academies, Polytechnic in Zagreb with 7 departments, Polytechnic in Karlovac, teacher education academy, etc.)

– In Split there are 16 institutions of higher education (University of Split with 9 faculties, 1 academy, College of Maritime Studies, etc.)

– In Rijeka there are 14 institutions of higher education (University of Rijeka with 10 faculties, 3 primary school teacher training colleges, Polytechnic in Rijeka with 6 departments)

– In Osijek there are 12 institutions of higher education(University of Osijek with 9 faculties, Polytechnic in Pozega with 3 departments)

– University of Zadar with 15 university departments – University of Dubrovnik– 14 accredited private schools of professional higher education


Case Croatia: University of ZagrebCase Croatia: University of ZagrebCase Croatia: University of ZagrebCase Croatia: University of Zagreb

International Student Guide 2004/2005http://www-old.unizg.hr/guide/• Organisational units of the University of Zagreb and

other supporting institutions• Types of programmes offered (tuition fees, European credit

transfer system-ECTS, first-year enrolment, application procedure for foreign students, application procedure for exchange students, language at the University of Zagreb)

• Programmes offered at the University of Zagreb

• Useful information (international relations office, visas and residence permits, health insurance, housing, student residence halls, hostels in Zagreb, student identity card, subsidised meals, academic calendar, national holidays, employment)


Case Croatia: International Postgraduate StudyCase Croatia: International Postgraduate StudyCase Croatia: International Postgraduate StudyCase Croatia: International Postgraduate Study

• Graduate School of Economics and BusinessMBAInternational tourism in national economy

• Faculty of Economics in Rijeka & Faculty of Economics in LjubljanaM.Sc. in Economics - Scientific Degree in International Economics

• Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing in ZagrebMost of postgraduate programmes are also offered in English

• Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in ZagrebInternational MSc Programme Sustainable Energy Engineering


Case Croatia: Other useful linksCase Croatia: Other useful linksCase Croatia: Other useful linksCase Croatia: Other useful links

NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR THE INTEGRATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION – 2004 http://www.mei.hr/Download/2004/04/09/NPPEU-ENG-2004-master.pdf

– On free movement of persons, chapter 3.2, pgs 149-154– On science and research, chapter 3.17, pgs 329-331– On education and training, chapter 3.18, pgs 332-349

Implementation plan for SAP (in Croatian): http://www.mei.hr/Download/2003/05/29/PPSSP_azurirani_(27-05-03).pdf

National research strategy (in Croatian):http://www.hrvatska21.hr/znanost%2030_6_2003.pdf (Improve mobility of high educated young people, especially in relation academia-industry)


Balkan Dimension of Researchers MobilityBalkan Dimension of Researchers MobilityBalkan Dimension of Researchers MobilityBalkan Dimension of Researchers Mobility

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1 of 25 Knowledge Based Society and Researchers Mobility in the Age of Globalization – Thessalonica, Oct 18-19 University of Zagreb Balkan Dimension of