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Periodic Table

GLY 4200 – Lecture 6 – Fall, 2015

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Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

• 1834-1907• Russian Chemist• "The properties of the

elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses"

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Henry G.J. Moseley

• British chemist 1887-1915

• “Similar properties recur periodically when elements are arranged by increasing atomic number”

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Periodic Table

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Second Row

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N = 2 Shell

• This completes the n = 2 shell

• The valance electrons are denoted using the notation 2sx 2py

• The complete electronic configuration is 1s2 2sx 2py, which may also be expressed as [He] 2sx 2py

• It also introduces the p block

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Periodic Table Blocks

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Third Row

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Periodic Table Blocks

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Electronic Energy Levels

• Note that 4s electrons are lower energy than 3d

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Beginning of Fourth Row

• Potassium [Ar] 4s1

• Calcium [Ar] 4s2

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Electronic Energy Levels

• Note that 3d electrons are lower energy than 4p

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First Transition Row

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Periodic Table Blocks

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4p Block

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Periodic Table Blocks

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Electronic Energy Levels

• Note that 5s electrons are lower energy than 4d

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Second Transition Row

Yttrium [Kr] 4d1 5s2

Zirconium [Kr] 4d2 5s2

Niobium [Kr] 4d4 5s1

Molybdenum [Kr] 4d5 5s1

(Technetium) [Kr] 4d5 5s2

Ruthenium [Kr] 4d7 5s1

Rhodium [Kr] 4d8 5s1

Palladium [Kr] 4d10 5s0

Silver [Kr] 4d9 5s2

Cadmium [Kr] 4d10 5s2

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Periodic Table Blocks

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Electronic Energy Levels

• Note that 5p and 6s electrons are lower energy than 4f

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5p Block

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Periodic Table Blocks

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Electronic Energy Levels

• Note that 6s electrons are lower energy than 4f or 5d

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Row 6 Beginning

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Electronic Energy Levels

• Note that 4f electrons are lower energy than 5d

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4f Block

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Periodic Table Blocks

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5d Block

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6p Block

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Periodic Table Blocks

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5f Block

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Periodic Table Blocks

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Oxidation States of First Transition Row Elements

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

+3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2

+3 +4 +5 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2

+2 +3 +4 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1

+1 +2 +3 +4 +3 +2 +1

+1 +2 +3 +2 +1

+1 +2 +1

+1

• States highlighted in red are the most common

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REE Abundance

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Europium Anomaly• Figure 9-5. REE diagram

for 10% batch melting of a hypothetical lherzolite with 20% plagioclase, resulting in a pronounced negative Europium anomaly

• From Winter, (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Prentice Hall

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Uranium and Thorium Decay

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Periodic Table Blocks

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Ionization PotentialElement Electronic

Configuration (valance)

Size, nm

Ionization Energy,

Cal/mol

Be 2s2 0.112 215

Mg 3s2 0.160 176

Ca 4s2 0.197 141

Sr 5s2 0.215 125

Ba 6s2 0.222 119