1 Pertemuan 5 Software: System Software Matakuliah: T0604-Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Tahun: 2008 Versi: 2.0/0.0 Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007)

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Pertemuan 5

Software: System Software

Matakuliah : T0604-Pengantar Teknologi Informasi

Tahun : 2008

Versi : 2.0/0.0

Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007). Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers & Communications. Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-110768-6

Sumber: Chapter 3. Software: Tools for Productivity and Creativity, p.117

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Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa

akan mampu :

• menjelaskan: pengertian dan komponen system software, dan fungsi-fungsi sistem operasi (C2)

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Outline Materi

• System Software: The Power behind the Power

• The Operating System: What It Does

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System Software: The Power behind the Power

• Application Software– Software developed to solve a particular problem for

users• Either performs useful work on a specific task • Or provides entertainment

– We interact mainly with this software

• System Software– Enables application software to interact with the

computer– Helps the computer to manage its own internal and

external resources

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• System Software has 3 basic components– Operating System (OS)

• The principal component of system software• Low-level, master system of programs to manage basic

computer operations• Some hardware requires specific Operating Systems

– Macintosh computers run Macintosh OS – PCs run Microsoft Windows, Linux, or BSD– Cray supercomputers run COS or UNICOS

– Device Drivers• Help the computer control peripheral devices

– Utility Programs• Used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in

the computer

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• System Software has 3 basic components– Operating System (OS)

• The principal component of system software• Low-level, master system of programs to manage basic

computer operations• Some hardware requires specific Operating Systems

– Macintosh computers run Macintosh OS – PCs run Microsoft Windows, Linux, or BSD Unix– IBM Mainframes run MVS or VM– Cray supercomputers run COS or UNICOS

– Device Drivers• Help the computer control peripheral devices

– Utility Programs• Used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in

the computer

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The Operating System: What It Does

• Booting– The process of loading an OS into the

computer’s main memory– The steps are:

1. Turn the computer on2. Diagnostic routines test main memory, CPU, and

other hardware3. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) programs are

copied to main memory– BIOS contains instructions for operating the hardware– The computer needs those instructions to operate the

hardware and find a copy of the OS

4. Boot program obtains the OS and loads it into computer’s main memory

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• Central Processing Unit (CPU) Management– Kernel is the supervising software that manages CPU

• Kernel must remain in memory while the computer runs

• If another program uses the kernel’s memory when the kernel needs it, the computer will crash

– Memory Management• OS keeps track of memory locations to prevent

programs and data from overlapping each other• Swaps portions of programs and data into the

same memory but at different times• Keeps track of virtual memory

– Queues, Buffers, Spooling

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• Central Processing Unit (CPU) Management (continued)– Queues, Buffers, Spooling

• Queue: First-in, First-out (FIFO) sequence of data or programs that waits in line for its turn to be processed

• Buffer: The place where the data or programs sit while they are waiting

• To Spool: The act of placing a print job into a buffer

– Needed because the CPU is faster than printers

– The CPU can work on other tasks while the print jobs wait

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• File Management– A file is either a

• Data File: a named collection of data

• Program File: a program that exists in a computer’s secondary storage

– The File System arranges files in a hierarchical manner

• Top level is Directories (aka Folders)

• Subdirectories come below Folders

– Find files using their pathname

• C:/MyDocuments/Termpaper/section1.doc

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• Task Management– Required for computers that accommodate multiple

users– Required for computers that allow multiple simultaneous

applications – Methods of processing two or more programs

• Multitasking– By one user on one processor

• Multiprogramming– By multiple users concurrently on one processor

• Time-sharing– By multiple users in round-robin fashion on one processor

• Multiprocessing– By one or more users simultaneously on two or more

processors

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• Security Management– Operating Systems permit users to control

access to their computers– Users gain access using an ID and password– You set the password the first time you boot

up a new computer– System Administrators can set up new

accounts and assign new passwords

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Kesimpulan