1 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Week 12 April 19 Embedding a Drill-Down Graph in a FormEmbedding a Drill-Down Graph

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R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento

Week 12Week 12April 19April 19

• Embedding a Drill-Down Graph in a FormEmbedding a Drill-Down Graph in a Form• Executive Information SystemsExecutive Information Systems

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A Few Easy StepsA Few Easy Steps

• In Graphics BuilderIn Graphics Builder– Build the first graphBuild the first graph– Build the drill-down graphBuild the drill-down graph– Create the Create the ogrogr file file

• In Form BuilderIn Form Builder– Create the chart item that will receive the graphCreate the chart item that will receive the graph– Create the push button and add the PL/SQL codeCreate the push button and add the PL/SQL code– Create a trigger for the chart item and add the PL/SQL Create a trigger for the chart item and add the PL/SQL

codecode– Test the formTest the form

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Build the First GraphBuild the First Graph

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Table DescriptionsTable Descriptions

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SQL for Pie ChartSQL for Pie Chart

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Data Model for Pie ChartData Model for Pie Chart

Click on “Execute”Click on “Execute”

Paste the SQL into the text boxPaste the SQL into the text box

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Data Set for the GraphData Set for the Graph

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Select Graph Type and SubtypeSelect Graph Type and Subtype

Pie chart

3D pie chart

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Select the Independent VariableSelect the Independent Variable

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Select the Dependent VariableSelect the Dependent Variable

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Initial GraphInitial Graph

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Group Small Slices TogetherGroup Small Slices Together

Click on a pie slice,Right-mouse click, and Select Frame

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Select

Enter a value

Click on OKClick on OK

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New GraphNew Graph

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Build the Drill-Down GraphBuild the Drill-Down Graph

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Query for the Line GraphQuery for the Line Graph

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Click on the pie slice, Click on the pie slice, Right-mouse click, and Right-mouse click, and Select PropertiesSelect Properties

Start Building the GraphStart Building the Graph

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Select “Drill-down” tabSelect “Drill-down” tab

Click on “New”Click on “New”

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Enter the parameter Enter the parameter (host variable) name (host variable) name and an initial valueand an initial value

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Select a column name Select a column name (or alias) from the list of (or alias) from the list of items (to set the host items (to set the host variable to)variable to)

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Enter SQL for the second graphEnter SQL for the second graph

Host variableHost variable

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Data Set for the Line GraphData Set for the Line Graph

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Add the Drill-Down GraphAdd the Drill-Down Graph

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Select the Graph Type and SubtypeSelect the Graph Type and Subtype

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Change to “Month”Change to “Month”

Set subcategory to “Record_label_code”Set subcategory to “Record_label_code”

Select the Independent Variable (x-axis)Select the Independent Variable (x-axis)

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New SettingsNew Settings

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Select the Dependent VariableSelect the Dependent Variable

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Initial GraphInitial Graph

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Test the GraphTest the Graph

Default or initial valueDefault or initial value

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Line Graph for AtlanticLine Graph for Atlantic

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Line Graph for GRP RecordsLine Graph for GRP Records

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Generate the OGR FileGenerate the OGR File

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In Form BuilderIn Form Builder

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Attach og.pll to the libraryAttach og.pll to the library

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Select “Build a new chart manually”

Create the Chart ItemCreate the Chart Item

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New Chart ItemNew Chart Item

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Object NavigatorObject Navigator

Note the block and item names Note the block and item names (will be used in the PL/SQL)(will be used in the PL/SQL)

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Create the Trigger for the Push ButtonCreate the Trigger for the Push Button

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PL/SQL to Launch the GraphPL/SQL to Launch the Graph

og.open(display, item, clip-option, refresh-option) og.open(display, item, clip-option, refresh-option)

clip-option clip-option True (clip the chart to fit the dimensions of the chart True (clip the chart to fit the dimensions of the chart item), False (match the dimensions of the chart item)item), False (match the dimensions of the chart item)

refresh-optionrefresh-option True (update graphics display), False (static bitmap True (update graphics display), False (static bitmap display)display)

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Create the Trigger for the Next Drill-DownCreate the Trigger for the Next Drill-Down

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PL/SQL to Launch the Next Drill-DownPL/SQL to Launch the Next Drill-Down

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Test the Form and GraphTest the Form and Graph

Initial graphInitial graph

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After Adjusting the Form and GraphAfter Adjusting the Form and Graph

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Drill-DownDrill-Down

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Draw a white line to give a false right side of the graphDraw a white line to give a false right side of the graph

Hint to Making Graph FitHint to Making Graph Fit

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Executive Information SystemsExecutive Information Systems

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Information SystemsInformation Systems

• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

– Support the completion and monitoring of an Support the completion and monitoring of an organization’s transactionsorganization’s transactions

– Generation of standard documents and reportsGeneration of standard documents and reports

– Objectives:Objectives:

• To process with a high degree of accuracyTo process with a high degree of accuracy

• To generate documents and reports in a timely To generate documents and reports in a timely mannermanner

• To increase and/or enhance servicesTo increase and/or enhance services

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Information SystemsInformation Systems

– Objectives (cont.)Objectives (cont.)

• To increase labor efficiency and productivityTo increase labor efficiency and productivity

• To maintain data and information integrityTo maintain data and information integrity

• To increase revenuesTo increase revenues

• To reduce costsTo reduce costs

• To support more efficient and effective operationsTo support more efficient and effective operations

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Ten Characteristics of TPSTen Characteristics of TPS

• Large amount of inputLarge amount of input

• Large amount of outputLarge amount of output

• Large number of users impacted by the systemLarge number of users impacted by the system

• Need for efficient processingNeed for efficient processing

• Large storage requirementsLarge storage requirements

• Fast input and output capabilitiesFast input and output capabilities

• Low computational complexityLow computational complexity

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Ten Characteristics of TPSTen Characteristics of TPS

((Cont.Cont.))

• High degree of repetition in processingHigh degree of repetition in processing

• High potential for security-related problemsHigh potential for security-related problems

• Severe and negative impact on the organization if the TPS Severe and negative impact on the organization if the TPS failsfails

Do all information systems work this way?Do all information systems work this way?

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Robert Anthony's Taxonomy of Managerial Robert Anthony's Taxonomy of Managerial Information RequirementsInformation Requirements

Sour

ceSo

urce

Inte

rnal

Inte

rnal

Ext

erna

lE

xter

nal

Scop

eSc

ope

Wel

l def

ined

Wel

l def

ined

Wid

eW

ide

Det

aile

dD

etai

led

Agg

rega

teA

ggre

gate

Tim

e H

oriz

onT

ime

Hor

izon

His

tori

cal

His

tori

cal

Futu

reFu

ture

Cur

renc

yC

urre

ncy

Qui

te o

ldQ

uite

old

Ver

y fr

eque

ntV

ery

freq

uent

Infr

eque

ntIn

freq

uent

Freq

uenc

y of

Use

Freq

uenc

y of

Use

Req

uire

d A

ccur

acy

Req

uire

d A

ccur

acy

Hig

hH

igh

Hig

hH

igh

Low

Low

Strategic Strategic PlanningPlanning

Hig

hly

curr

ent

Hig

hly

curr

ent

Lev

el o

f A

ggre

gati

onL

evel

of

Agg

rega

tion

Management Management ControlControl

Operational Operational ControlControl

Information RequirementsInformation Requirements

Data are organizational resources and Data are organizational resources and must be properly managed.must be properly managed.

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Levels of ManagementLevels of Management

• Strategic PlanningStrategic Planning

"Strategic planning is the process of deciding on objectives of "Strategic planning is the process of deciding on objectives of the organization, on changes in these objectives, on the the organization, on changes in these objectives, on the resources used to attain these objectives, and on the policies resources used to attain these objectives, and on the policies that are to govern the acquisition, use, and disposition of that are to govern the acquisition, use, and disposition of these resources."these resources."

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Levels of Management Levels of Management (Cont.)(Cont.)

• Management controlManagement control

"Management control is the process by which managers "Management control is the process by which managers assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organization's efficiently in the accomplishment of the organization's objectives."objectives."

• Operational controlOperational control

"Operation control is the process of assuring that specific "Operation control is the process of assuring that specific tasks are carried out effectively and efficiently."tasks are carried out effectively and efficiently."

Anthony, 1965Anthony, 1965

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Operational Operational PlanPlan

Operational Operational PlanPlan

Planning within the OrganizationPlanning within the Organization

Tactical PlanTactical PlanTactical PlanTactical Plan

Strategic PlanStrategic PlanStrategic PlanStrategic Plan

ManagementManagement

ControlControl

OperationalOperational

ControlControl

StrategicStrategic

PlanningPlanning

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Decision Decision Making TasksMaking Tasks

Decision Decision Making TasksMaking Tasks

Managerial Managerial TasksTasks

Managerial Managerial TasksTasks

Managerial Tasks and Decision MakingManagerial Tasks and Decision Making

ManagementManagement

ControlControl

OperationalOperational

ControlControl

StrategicStrategic

PlanningPlanning

Management Management LevelLevel

ActivitiesActivities

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Decision Making in the OrganizationDecision Making in the OrganizationT

ypes

of

Dec

isio

ns

Typ

es o

f D

ecis

ion

s StructuredStructured

Semi-StructuredSemi-Structured

UntructuredUntructured

Operational Operational ControlControl

Management Management ControlControl

Strategic Strategic PlaningPlaning

Management Level Management Level

Greater OpportunitiesGreater Opportunities

Greater OpportunitiesGreater Opportunities

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EISEIS

• ““An EIS is a computer-based system intended to facilitate An EIS is a computer-based system intended to facilitate and support the information and decision-making needs of and support the information and decision-making needs of senior executives by providing easy access to both internal senior executives by providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the stated and external information relevant to meeting the stated goals of the organization.”goals of the organization.”

Marakus, 1999Marakus, 1999

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Common EIS CharacteristicsCommon EIS Characteristics

• Used directly by top-level executivesUsed directly by top-level executives

• Tailored to individual executive usersTailored to individual executive users

• Designed to be easy to operate and require little or no Designed to be easy to operate and require little or no training to usetraining to use

• Focused on supporting upper-level management decisionsFocused on supporting upper-level management decisions

• Can present information in graphical, tabular, and/or Can present information in graphical, tabular, and/or textual formatstextual formats

• Provides access to information from a broad range of Provides access to information from a broad range of internal and external sourcesinternal and external sources

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Common EIS CharacteristicsCommon EIS Characteristics

((Cont.Cont.))

• Provides tools to select, extract, filter, and track critical Provides tools to select, extract, filter, and track critical informationinformation

• Provides a wide range of report including status reporting, Provides a wide range of report including status reporting, exception reporting, trend analysis, drill down exception reporting, trend analysis, drill down investigation, and ad hoc queriesinvestigation, and ad hoc queries

Marakus, 1999Marakus, 1999

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Common Characteristics of ExecutivesCommon Characteristics of Executives

• Manage entire organization or autonomous subunitsManage entire organization or autonomous subunits

• Enterprise-oriented in their thinkingEnterprise-oriented in their thinking

• Possess the broadest span of control in the organizationPossess the broadest span of control in the organization

• Future-oriented and focus on strategic horizons rather than Future-oriented and focus on strategic horizons rather than day-to-day activitiesday-to-day activities

• Responsible for establishing policiesResponsible for establishing policies

• Represent the organization and its interactions with the Represent the organization and its interactions with the external environmentexternal environment

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Common Characteristics of ExecutivesCommon Characteristics of Executives

((Cont.Cont.))

• Their actions can have considerable financial, human and Their actions can have considerable financial, human and business consequencesbusiness consequences

• Must concern themselves with a wide range of internal and Must concern themselves with a wide range of internal and external issuesexternal issues

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EISEIS

Flexibility in accessing informationFlexibility in accessing information

Documents

1 R. Ching, Ph.D. MIS Area California State University, Sacramento Week 12 April 19 Embedding a Drill-Down Graph in a FormEmbedding a Drill-Down Graph