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Reproductive System Unit 46

Adonis K. Lomibao, R.N.12/01/11

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Structure & Function

Produce reproductive cells.

-Male=sperm Female=ovum. Produces hormones responsible for sex

characteristics.

-Male= testosterone Female= estrogen & progesterone.

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The Reproductive Process

Male & female engage in sexual intercourse Male propels sperm and seminal fluid in which

they swim into the vagina. Sperm & egg meet in fallopian tube. Sperm

penetrates egg & conception takes place. Fetus develops in the uterus Female breasts produce milk for nourishment.

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The Male Reproductive Organs

Testes: produce sperm and testosterone. Epididymis: stores sperm & allows to mature Vas Deferens:carries sperm to seminal vesicles

during ejaculation. Seminal vesicles:receive & store sperm from

vas deferens

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Male organs cont.

Ejaculatory duct: carries fluid produced in seminal vesicles.

Prostate Gland:secretes fluid that increases ability of sperm to move in the seminal fluid.

Cowper's glands: produce mucous for lubrication.

Penis: composed of tissue that can be filled with blood.

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Male System

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The Female Reproductive Organs

Vulva: made of labia majora & minora Clitoris:functions to begin the rhythmic series of

contractions associated with climax. Urinary meatus: opening to the urethra Vaginal meatus: The opening to the vagina or

birth canal.

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The Internal Female Structures

Ovaries: glands that produce estrogen and progesterone, and the egg. Egg releases=ovulation.

Fallopian tubes: pathway between ovary and uterus. Where sperm & egg meet. Fertilization!

Uterus: made of fundus, body, & cervix. Lined with special tissue called endometrium.

Vagina:between bladder & rectum. Streches. Lined with mucous membrane.

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The Female System

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Menstruation & Ovulation

Menstrual cycle begins at puberty. (9-17) Cycle usually between 25 & 30 days. A mature egg is released from ovary, travels to

fallopian tubes, may be fertilized by sperm. Menstruation- flow to carry out endometrium

when fertilization doesn't occur. Menopause- When the last ova are released &

cycle ceases.

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Conditions of Male Organs

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy- enlargement of the prostate gland without tumor development.

-Narrows urethra

-Can cause urinary retention

-non-cancerous

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Prostate Cancer

2nd leading cause of cancer deaths for males S&S Include difficulty voiding or starting

stream,frequency, urgency,retention,UTI, (p.825)

Screening: Prostate Specific Antigen in blood test.

Grows very slowly

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Enlarged Prostate

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Treatment

Prostatectomy Transurethral prostatectomy- some of gland is

removed, working from inside. Perineal prostatectomy-entire gland is removed

through surgical incisions in perenium. Suprapubic prostatectomy Brachytherapy: type of radiation therapy where

seeds or pellets are implanted.

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Cancer of the Testes

Orchiectomy-removal of the testes. When malignant, removal is necessary. When early diagnosis made, early treatment

can avoid removal.

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Conditions of the Female Organs

Rectocele-weakening of wall between vagina and rectum. Cause constipation and hemmorrhoids.

Cystocele- weakening of the muscles between bladder & vagina.

Treatment-Colporrhaphy- tightens the vaginal walls.

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Vulvovaginitis

Most often caused by fungal infection of Candida albicans.

Thick, white vaginal discharge,inflammation, itching,

Special drugs and creams given..NOT douches..

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Tumors of Uterus & Ovaries

Indications are changes in menstrual flow

-Menorrhagia-excessive flow.

-Amenorrhea-lack of flow.

-Dysmenorrhea-difficult or painful menstrual flow.

-Metrorrhagia- bleeding at completely irregular intervals.

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Tumors of U & O Cont.

Ovarian cancer dangerous due to lack of S&S until it is advanced and metastasized.

Strong familial link, common if over 50yo,risk if never had children, or taking fertility drugs.

Women taking birth control has lower risk. S&S Ovarian cancer: abdominal pain, bloating,

Nausea, frequent urination,abn. Bleeding, etc. (p827).

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Treatment of Tumors

May include: chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery.

Surgery:

-Hysterectomy-removal of uterus & cervix.

-Oophorectomy- removal of ovary.

-Salpingectomy-removal of a fallopian tube.

-Panhysterectomy- removal of uterus, both ovaries, and tubes.