1 Significance of Environment

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Significance of Environment

Management

What is Environment management?

Environment management is the process of

allocating natural and man-made resources so

as to make optimum use of the environment in

satisfying not only the present basic human

need but of the coming generation as also.


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This management implies an element of consciouschoice from a variety of alternatives proposals andfurthermore that such a choice involves purposeful

commitment for recognized and desired objectives.Environmental management is not merely amanagement of environment but it is essentiallythe management of various activities withintolerable constraints imposed by theenvironment itself and with full consideration ofecological factors.
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Characteristics features of the environmentalmanagement

It deals with a world affected by humans

It supports sustainable development

It demands a multidisciplinary approach

It has to integrate different development viewpoints

The times scale involved extends the short term

and concern ranges from local to global and It seeks to integrate natural and social science,

policy making and planning.


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For the progress of mankind as well as to

maintain the quality of life, at least a minimum

level, the entire environment, both physical and

cultural should be properly managed.

Environmental deterioration is due to

mismanagement. Hence, available and potential

resources along with essential elements ofenvironment must be scientifically analyzed and

managed.


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Definition of Environment Management

Environment management is concerned with the man-environmentinterface, that complex boundary where bio-physical and socio-cultural systems interact. Hare, 1970

An approach which goes beyond natural resources management toencompass the political and social as well as the naturalenvironment. By Clarke, 1999

The process of allocating natural and artificial resources so as tomake optimum use of the environment in satisfying basic humanneeds at the minimum, and more, if possible, on a sustainablebasic. (Jolly, 1978)


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Today world is facing great Environmental crisisand therefore this is an urgent need for themanagement of total environment specially for

the developing countries.The first three things that are needed to are

1. Identify goals

2. Establish whether these can be met.3. Develop and implement means to do what is

deems possible.


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Objectives of Environmental Management

To prevent and solve environmental problems

To establish limits

To develop research institutions and monitoring systems To warn threats and identify opportunities

To suggest measures for resource conservation

To develop a strategy for the improvements of quality

To suggest long-term and short-term policies forsustainable development

To identify new technology for future development


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Introduction

Different life forms with varying characteristics exist innature. This variation in their characteristics can mainlybe attributed to the environmental conditions under

which they exist. E.G biodiversity of rain forest plants aredifferent then that of polar regions.

The food habits, of various human species vary as perthe available resources in the ecosystem where theyexist. Thus it can be said that Life Forms in the biosphereare surviving within certain ranges of environmentalconditions, and these conditions help the bio-chemicalcycles and process to occur within the species.

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All the natural ecosystems have the capacity tomaintain themselves in a stage of dynamicequilibrium with their surroundings provided there

is no interference from other factors outside therequired environment.

Owing to the interaction between the system andits environment, the ecosystem receives a cyclic

renewable resource from the environment as input.This input received by the system in then madeavailable to the consumers existing in the system.

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Owing to the interaction between the systemand its environment, the ecosystem receives acyclic renewable resource from the environment

as input. This inputreceived by the system inthen made available to the consumers existingin the system.

This consumption of the resource from thesystem is known as an outputform of matter orenergy.

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It is evident that the analysis of existence of life forms inan ecosystem, ultimately depends upon the applicationof concept of material and energy balance.

This concept of balance is based on the Law of

Conservation of Mass and Energy. The Law states thatNo matter or energy can be produced but can beconverted from one to form another

Both these types of balances, combined together, canassess the Environmental Balance of the ecosystem.Difference in the quantum of input and output of aresource from an ecosystem defines the accumulation ofthat resource in that ecosystem.

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Therefore we can say

Resources Input to the system Resource Output from the system

= Accumulation of the resource in the system

(INPUT OUTPUT = SURPLUS)

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Such analysis, assessing the quantum of

accumulation of a resource, defines the

richness of an ecosystem with respect to the

abiotic resource. E.g. utilization of waterreceived by the ecosystem will be lesser

compared to the input to the system. This

makes the ecosystem rich in water resource.

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ManagementManagement of natural resources thus reserves primeimportance in preservation of environmental quality of a

particular region. Since human race is the greatest consumer of

the natural resources, the interaction between human

population and resources defines the environmental quality for

a region. This interaction ultimately attributes extremes

importance to the finite resources. Rapid increase in population

results in over exploitation of finite resources which, in due

course leads in its value addition.

Management Concept


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ManagementPOPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT

Environmental damage is inevitable to occur as development progress.

Growing population is bound to increase the pressure on utilization of

environmental resources. This has a specific reference to the

underdeveloped countries. Environmental damage can be minimized through

advanced planning and careful implementation of relevant policies. A major

part of scientific and technological developments has been directed towards

generation of elevation of means for enhancement in human comforts.

Advanced marketing techniques & greed of human to acquire more comforts

& associated elevation of social status, further accelerated such demands

that were fulfilled through rapid industrialization.

Management Concept


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ManagementPOPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT

Some of the important factors that can be attributed to achieve

improvements in our living standards through the application of

science and technology are

Production of better quality food in requisite quantities.

Supply of safe portable water with minimization of incidences of

water-borne infectious diseases.

Invention of new faster transportation

Provisions of safe shelters under hygienic environment (Ruralsanitation facilities)

Preservation of environmental quality

Mitigation of adverse effects due to natural disasters eg. Droughts,

floods, volcano eruption, etc.

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POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT

History of Population Explosion

Industrial Revolution

Improved agricultural practices

World War II

Advancement in science and Technology

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POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT

Resource Availability

Air, land and ocean (water) resources are the important

primary natural resources. It has been recognized thatprimary resources like land and oceans requireconsiderable engineering & technological input toderive secondary resources from them. Thisnecessitates action for their effective management.Ocean resources are already under stress due to over-fishing and pollution.

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POPULATION AND ENVIRO NMENT

Resource Availability

Land is considered as the basic & limited resource due to itsfinite nature. Land as a primary resource is being used for the

following specific requirement.Maintenance of forests

Production of food and fiber

Urban developments

Industrial plants, timber production, Mineral extrationsWildlife habitat

Recreation of various types.

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ManagementPOPULATION AND ENVIRONM ENT

Effect of Over

Population on the Environment

Management Concept

Environmenta

l resource

misuse

Over

Population

Individual

Waste

Shortage

PeopleHuman

Resource

Pollution

Breakdownstructure

Social

Failure

8. Air quality

9. Water quality

1. Energy Sources

2. Topsoil & standing Crop

3. Agricultural land4. Recreational & open land

5. Species

6. Water supply

7. Disease Areas

Land, Air,

Water

Depletion

16. Employment

17. Education

14. Housing15. Community facilities

10 Transportation

11. Water disposal

12. Visual order

13. Noise

18. Civil order

19. Crime

20. Health

21. Nutrition

22. Narcotics & Alcohols


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ManagementConcept of Environmental Management

It is not only the industrial activities that pollutes the environment but also the

wastes discharged from residential and commercial sources causes

environmental stress. Different type of waste is being released by the human

beings in the environment. These are characteristics of the quality of life and

living standard of the concerned population. Therefore rural sanitation &

upliftment are of prime importance in the developing countries. This has direct

relationship with economy, population growth, natural calamities and illiteracy.

Such fundamental aspects of development, resources limitation and

inadequacy, population growth, socio political and natural interferences define

the complexity of the issue of environmental management.

Management Concept

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ManagementObjective and Components of Environment Management (EM)

Multidimensional approach of EM brings following specific objectivesfor consideration

Management of natural resources exploitation through regulation

Protection of environmental quality through pollution control

Efforts to maintain the ecological balance through multiple use ofresources

Preservation of Biodiversity

Minimizing the adverse effects on environmental through adoption of

concepts of concepts of cleaner technology of production Formulation and implementation of environmental regulation and

laws

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ManagementComponents of environmental ManagementA generalized list of identified list of components requiring attention toarrive at effective EM strategies is as follows

Efficient and cost effective control measures for atmospheric, aquaticand land pollution to avoid environmental degradation.

Adoption of efficient, cost effective and low waste generating productiontechnologies to avoid over exploitation of resources including energy.

Implementation of cleaner technology of production to achieve a steptowards sustainable development.

Adopting recommended tools for environmental management achieving

sustainable development Viz,o Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

o Environmental Audits (EA)

o Environmental Risk Assessment (EIRA)

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M C


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ManagementComponents of environmental Management

Undertaking promotional measures for environmental awareness among the public &

propagation of environmental perception in common mass through educational &

Awareness programmes.

Provisions for imparting environmental education and training at schools, colleges and

also through Panchayats & Nagar Parishads for rural population. UNESCO, UNEP

(United National Education Conference (EEC))have carried out extensive work in this

respect.

Control measures to reduce population over growth.

Control over consumption & Over exploitation of resources

Efforts for establishing social equity with specific reference to third world countries.

Management Concept

M C


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ManagementAgenda For Global Environmental Protection

Management Concept

M t C t


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ManagementEnvironmental Management In A Socio-economicContext And Agenda 21United Nations, Conference on Environment andDevelopment (UNMCED)

This conference was held in Rio De Janerio, Brazil in1992.

Its purpose was to reconcile economic developmentwith environment protection.

Agenda 21 of this conference is a comprehensivestatement of concerns, findings and recommendedactions on specific environmental areas.

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Minimizing Environmental Contamination ProblemsWith Specific Reference to Hazardous Waste

Waste recycling (recovery of materials used orproduced by a process for different use or direct re-use

in-house)Materials recovery(the processing of waste streams torecover material which can be feedstock forconservation to another product)

Waste re-use (the direct re-use of the wastes as it is,without further processing).

Management Concept

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ManagementTypical elements of the process modification

aspects of waste reduction at sourceModification of the process pathway

Improved control measures

Equipment modificationChanges in operational setting/environment

Product substitution

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ManagementTypical tasks for a good and efficient house-

keepingMaterial handling improvement

Spill and leak monitoring, collection and prevention

Preventive maintenanceInventory Control

Waste control

Waste steam segregation

Management Concept

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1 Significance of Environment