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2
St. Louis Air Quality History
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 Moderate Ozone Non-Attainment Area Completion of 15% Rate-of-Progress
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) Attained 1-Hour Ozone Standard in
2002
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Ozone – What is it? Ground level ozone found in the lower
atmosphere Created by chemical reaction of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in strong sunlight
Weather conditions needed are high temperatures (900+), intense sunlight and low wind speeds
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Health Effects of Ozone
Headaches, fatigue, shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing
Irritates eyes, nose and respiratory track
Aggravates chronic heart disease and chronic respiratory ailments
Decreases resistance to infection Triggers asthma attacks
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New Standards and SIPs
New 8-hr Ozone Standard in 2004 Standard is 80 parts per billion (ppb)
averaged over an 8 hour period More protective of human health St. Louis designated as Moderate area
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Violation
Violation of the standard is determined by averaging the 4th highest annual maximum average by monitor over a 3 year period
Based on 2004-2006 data, Orchard Farm monitor is in violation (still to be verified)
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2004—2006 4th Highest 8-Hr Ozone Averages (ppb) as of July 4, 2006
Monitor 2004 2005 2006Monitor in Violation
Arnold 70 92 72
West Alton 77 89 87
Orchard Farm 76 92 88 Yes
Maryland Heights
New in 2005 88 82
Sunset Hills 70 89 78
Pacific New in 2005 87 68
Blair St. New in 2005 89 66
Margaretta 72 91 70
Wood River 73 87 73
Maryville 78 88 76
Alton 74 91 76
East St. Louis 73 94 75
Jerseyville 73 86 69
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Fine Particles or PM2.5
December 17, 2004 USEPA identified those areas which do not meet the fine particle or PM2.5 standard
20 states were notified All or part of 224 counties and
Washington, D.C. were designated as non-attainment
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Fine Particles or PM2.5 PM is a mix of solid particles and liquid
droplets suspended in the air Fine PM is less than or equal to 2.5
microns in diameter (1/30 the width of a human hair)
Made up of a number of components
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Fine Particles or PM2.5
Components include acids, organic chemicals, metals, soil or dust particles
Can be emitted directly Can be chemically formed in the
atmosphere from gases such as SO2, NOx and VOC
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Fine Particles or PM2.5 Sources
Smoke from fires Power plants Industrial activities Vehicle exhaust
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Gateway’s Air Quality Planning Activities
Facilitate SIP process for Ozone and PM2.5 Coordinate the AQAC
Prepare Air Quality Conformity Determination Coordinate the IACG
Ozone Data Sharing Project Special Projects
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Important Dates
June 15, 2007 – 8-Hour Ozone SIPs to be submitted to USEPA
April 5, 2008 – PM2.5 SIPs to be submitted to USEPA
June 15, 2010 – Area to attain 8-Hour Ozone standard
April 5, 2010 – Area to attain PM2.5 standard
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Ozone Data Sharing Project
Ozone season is April 1 – October 31 EWGCOG acts as clearinghouse for data Initial quality assurance screening Record in a spreadsheet computer
program
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Exceedances & MO Air Activities
010203040506070
84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00
'02
'04
Years
# o
f Exce
edance
s
1984 – Basic I/M Test 1993 – Low RVP Gasoline (7.2 psi)
1988 – Stage II Vapor Recovery 1995 – Low RVP Gasoline (7.0 psi)
1990 – Computerized I/M Testing 1999 – Federal Reformulated Gasoline Program
1991 – Low RVP Gasoline (7.8 psi) 2000 – Centralized I/M Program
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Things to do to Reduce Ozone Levels – On Days Forecasted to have High Ozone Levels
Set air conditioner no lower than 78o to conserve energy
Share a ride or use mass transit; bicycle or walk errands when possible
Avoid using oil- and solvent-based paints, degreasers or lighter fluid
Defer use of gasoline-powered lawn and garden equipment
Refuel cars and trucks after dusk to reduce daytime pollution releases
Combine errands and reduce trips Limit vehicle idling when possible
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Ozone and Transportation Facts
People in St. Louis drive over 75 million miles per day
Carpooling saves 320 lbs of emissions and $1,000 – per person/year
Two MetroLink tracks = 16 lanes A full MetroBus at rush hour removes 40
cars from the highway
St. Louis Regional Clean Air Partnership